Standardization of the bio-active compounds (rotenoids) from the extract of local plant species (derris elliptica) using the internal standard method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

It is well known now that some plant species represent an efficient factory of chemicals, which are manufactured and used as bio-weapons against pest attacks. Extensive work has been done during the last few decades on these potentially useful compounds. During the last few decades a growing interest has been paid for safe agricultural production i.e free residual toxicity hazards to human beings and to the environment. Plant extracts-based biocides possess a great advantage compared with the chemical ones. Their efficacies are also acceptable. Research carried out was to standardize and determine the bio-active compounds from the extract of local plant species (Derris elliptica) using the internal standard method of the isocratic High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis system. The raw plants were collected from Kota Johor Lama, Johor and sorted to collect the root and stem. Only the root and stem were utilized as a raw material of the extraction process. The root and stem were extracted by using the Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE) method at 28 0C to 30 0C with 95.0 % (v/v) of acetone as a solvent and the solvent-to-solid ratio of the extraction is (10.0 ml/g). The extraction was carried out for 24 hours and further cleaned up to remove fine debris of root and stem prior to determination of the rotenone and its derivatives content. The rotenone cube resin of SAPHYR S.A.R.L (France) was used to verify the appearances of the compounds in the extract. The employed method of analysis shows significant appearances of the bio-active compounds in the extract compared with the commercial grade of rotenone cube resin

Implementasi Program Penanganan Lahan Kritis Dan Sumber Daya Air Berbasis Masyarakat Di Desa Nupabomba Kecamatan Tanantovea Kabupaten Donggala

This research aims at identifying and expalaining the implementation of Critical Land Management Programme and Community Based Water Resources (PLKSDA-BM) in Nupabomba Village, Tanan Tovea District, Donggala. The method used is deskriptive qualitatif method and the techniques of the data collection were observations, interviews, and documentations. Five informants were taken by using purposif sampling technique. The result shows what the implementation of Critical Land Management Programme and Community Based Water Resources (PLKSDA-BM) in Nupabomba Village, Tanan Tovea District, Donggala is still not effective. Through an implementation approach from Edward III, the result shows the that the implementation of the program is affected by several aspects. 1)The communication aspect of the critical land and water resources Programme in the community based Nupa Bomba village, Tanan Tovea district to all stakeholders has been carried out poperly. 2) The resource aspect of the programme is inadequate yet especially the land piracy equipments procurement. 3)The aspect of Disposition / Attitude of implementers toward the Programme done by the person in charge, companion and program implementers has been implemented well. 4) Structural aspects of bureaucracy in the implementation of the program have been well coordinate

RESPON VARIETAS DAN PEMUPUKAN N, P, DAN K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN GULMA DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS L.)

M. SAIFUL FAJRI / 0805101050163. Respon Varietas dan Pemupukan N, P,dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)dibawah bimbingan Hasanuddin selaku pembimbing utama dan Siti Hafsah selakupembimbing anggota.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan gulma dan hasilbeberapa varietas tanaman jagung pada berbagai taraf pupuk N, P, dan K. Penelitianini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP)Aceh, Lampineung, Banda Aceh, sejak Juni 2012 sampai dengan September 2012.Bahan yang digunakan adalah Jagung varietas Bima 4, Bima 10, Bisma, dan,pupuk Urea, SP-36, KCl. Alat-alat yang digunakan adalah timbangan analitik,cangkul, meteran, jangka sorong dan frame. Rancangan yang digunakan adalahRancangan Petak Terpisah (Split-Plot Design) pola RAK. Petak utama adalahVarietas tanaman jagung yang terdiri dari 3 aras, yaitu V1 = Bima 4, V2 = Bima 10,dan V3 = Bisma. Anak petak adalah Pupuk N, P, dan K terdiri dari 2 aras, yaituP1 = Urea 200 kg ha-1 + SP36 75 kg ha-1 + KCl 25 kg ha-1, dan P2 = Urea 225 kg ha-1+ SP36 100 kg ha-1 + KCl 50 kg ha-1.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh terhadap bobotkering gulma pada 42 HST. Dosis pupuk N, P, dan K berpengaruh terhadap jumlahjenis gulma pada 21 HST, diameter tongkol, dan hasil pipilan kering. Ada interaksiantara varietas dan dosis pupuk N, P, dan K terhadap bobot kering gulma pada 21HST

Membran Poliuretan Dari Minyak Biji Karet (Rubber Seed Oil) Dengan Heksametilen-1,6-diisosianat: Sintesis

Polyurethane membrane made from Rubber Seed Oil has been produced within this research. Rubber seed oil has the hydroxyl number of 40,33 mg/g and the iodine number of 154,05 g/g which can be used as resource clusters; -OH, in order to make polyurethane. Rubber seed oil can react with hexamethylene-1.6-diisocyanate (HDMI) as another resource cluster, which is -NCO. The production of polyurethane membrane is done by variating the composition of rubber seed oil and HDMI, with the variations of 5:1; 5:3; 5:4; 5:5 dan 5:7 (v/w) and the polymrization temperature of 90-100°C and the curring temperature of 165-170°C. The optimal polyurethane membrane is produced on the composition of 5:4 v/w which is homogenous, dry, quite elastic and is yellowish brown in colour. The IR results showed that there were urethan bonds formed (N-H on ν = 3300-3400 cm-1) and the TGA results from polyurethane membrane showed that there were two decompositions on 394,5oC dan 458,6oC

Hierarchical Design Based Intrusion Detection System For Wireless Ad hoc Network

In recent years, wireless ad hoc sensor network becomes popular both in civil and military jobs. However, security is one of the significant challenges for sensor network because of their deployment in open and unprotected environment. As cryptographic mechanism is not enough to protect sensor network from external attacks, intrusion detection system needs to be introduced. Though intrusion prevention mechanism is one of the major and efficient methods against attacks, but there might be some attacks for which prevention method is not known. Besides preventing the system from some known attacks, intrusion detection system gather necessary information related to attack technique and help in the development of intrusion prevention system. In addition to reviewing the present attacks available in wireless sensor network this paper examines the current efforts to intrusion detection system against wireless sensor network. In this paper we propose a hierarchical architectural design based intrusion detection system that fits the current demands and restrictions of wireless ad hoc sensor network. In this proposed intrusion detection system architecture we followed clustering mechanism to build a four level hierarchical network which enhances network scalability to large geographical area and use both anomaly and misuse detection techniques for intrusion detection. We introduce policy based detection mechanism as well as intrusion response together with GSM cell concept for intrusion detection architecture.Comment: 16 pages, International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.2, No.3, July 2010. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1111.1933 by other author

A study into the effect of concentration process on the yield of rotenone from the extract of local plant species (Derris elliptica)

Bio-pesticides are becoming increasingly important as pest management tools in various cropping systems in the tropics essentially to remedy problems associated with the indiscriminate use of ‘hard’ inorganic pesticide and interest in organic agriculture. In the few decades, many bio-pesticidal products, both microbial-based (bacteria, fungi, microsprodia, entomopathogenic nematodes, viruses) and plant-based botanicals (rotenone and azadiracthin) had been studied for use against insect pests in the tropics. In this paper, the effect of the concentration process towards the yield of rotenone; mg and its concentration; mg/ml are studied extensively. The raw plants were collected from Kota Johor Lama, Johor and sorted to collect the root and stem. Only the root and stem were utilized as a raw material of the extraction process. The root and stem were extracted using the Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE) at 28 0C to 30 0C with 95 % (v/v) of acetone as a solvent and the solvent-to-solid ratio of 10 ml/g). The extraction was carried out for 24 hours. The liquid crude extract was concentrated further (the solvent removed under reduced pressure) using the rotary evaporator at 50 0C and 80 mbar of vacuum pressures. The fractions of the liquid crude extract were collected for each interval time (15 mins/1.0 ml/fraction). Each fractions were diluted 1/100 with acetone and further cleaned up prior to determination of rotenone content; mg and concentration; mg/ml by using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Significant effect of the concentration process against the yield of rotenone; mg was recorded and shows a significant thermal degradation or dissipation of rotenone content at higher operating temperature. The possibilities for better exploitation and identification of the effective operating parameters will be discussed

Development Chitosan-based Forward Osmosis Membranes for Emergency Drinking Water Supply

Development of forward osmosis (FO) membranes became one of the alternative methods for drinking water supply in an emergency. In this research, drinking water bags based on FO membrane have been developed using chitosan as the basic material of membrane. The chitosan membrane used for the manufacture of drinking water bags has a thickness of 0.043 mm, 30.3% porosity, tensile strength 28.83 kgf / mm2, swelling degree 43.5% and elongation of 7.16%. Drinking water bags are made with a combination of Polypropylene Plastic (PP) and aluminum foil with FO membrane inside. This drinking water bag can be applied for brackish water purification to be energy drinking water as one of the solutions for the drinking water supply in emergencies. FO process testing is done by using variation of sugar solution as the draw solution, that are glucose, fructose, sucrose and mixture. The concentration of applied draw solution is 1, 2 and 3M within 1 hour treatment. The highest water flux was obtained in 3M sucrose solution with a flux value of 5.25 L/m2hour. The results of drinking water quality parameters analysis in the form of pH, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), salinity, conductivity, heavy metals and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contents showed that the FO water produc meets drinking water quality standards based on Indonesian government regulation of drinking water quality. FO-membrane-based drinking water bags are potentially used as an alternative solution for the energy drinking water supply in an emergency