Different types of netting materials & their properties

In the inland water bodies there are predators like crabs, certain type of eels which can destroy the nets and penetrate into the cage. In such water bodies Braided HDPE net having 2 mm to 2.5 mm thickness can be used as outer net to prevent the predators. Otherwise 1.5 mm twisted HDPE net can also be used. The specification of inner cage can be decided depending on the species, from HDPE 0.5 mm/10 mm mesh size to 1.0 mm/ 22 mm which will be cost effective and durable. Predator birds are also common hence proper prevention net also must be used

Measurement scale of international opportunity identification in early internationalization firms

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop the international opportunity identification (IOI) scale through psychometric evaluation in an emerging economy context. Design/methodology/approach: Samples consist of international firms operating in the apparel industry in Bangladesh. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first wave of responses to unfold the underlying dimensions of IOI. The second wave of data was used to confirm the validity of IOI scale through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Findings: EFA suggests a unidimensional scale, which is supported by CFA. The relationship between IOI and financial performance is significant and confirms nomological validity. Results also confirm the validity and reliability of the IOI scale. Originality/value: This study indicates that IOI is a reliable and valid scale to measure the strategic action of the international firms operating in emerging economies, and has a positive relationship with financial performance

The antecedents and the outcomes of foreign market knowledge accumulation – the dynamic managerial capability perspective

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the antecedents and the outcomes of foreign market knowledge (FMK) accumulation in the context of emerging economies. The antecedent is dynamic managerial capability (DMC) with managerial human capital, social capital and cognition as its dimensions. The outcomes are financial and non-financial performances. This study bridges the gap by linking individual-level capability and FMK accumulation to achieve performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study has utilized a survey-based approach to collect data. The sample consists of 365 export manufacturing firms operating in the apparel industry of Bangladesh. Structural equation modeling analysis has been used to test the hypothesized model. Findings: The direct effects of managerial social capital and managerial cognition on FMK accumulation are positively significant. The results also show that FMK accumulation fully mediates the relationship between: managerial social capital and financial and non-financial performances and managerial cognition and financial and non-financial performances. Practical implications: Export manufacturing entrepreneurs in the low-tech industry should focus more on the network development and leverage on their cognitive mentality as a global mindset to succeed in international markets. These two factors are critical to accumulate foreign knowledge. Originality/value: This study provides empirical evidence on dynamic managerial capability and FMK accumulation of export manufacturing firms in low-tech emerging economies context. Out of the three building blocks of DMC, this study has found that managerial social capital and managerial cognition of entrepreneurs are crucial as antecedents to FMK accumulation and firm performance

Impacts of dynamic managerial capability and international opportunity identification on firm performance

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of international opportunity identification (IOI) in export-manufacturing firms. The fundamental question addressed in this research is: How does dynamic managerial capability (DMC) of entrepreneurs contribute to IOI and success of the firms? Design/methodology/approach: The research model was tested through structural equation modeling among the readymade garment manufacturing firms in the least developed country, Bangladesh. A survey was conducted with a random sampling approach and responses were collected from 390 firms. Findings: The salient findings are: DMC has direct and indirect impacts through IOI on financial and non-financial performance; IOI mediates the relationship between managerial social capital and non-financial performance and between managerial cognition and non-financial performance; IOI has a negative relationship with the financial performance of the firms; and scope of accelerated internationalization positively moderates the relationship between IOI and financial performance of firms. Originality/value: This paper notably shows that DMC of export-manufacturing entrepreneurs leads to the identification of the right kind of opportunities, which, in turn, generate better performance. It is advantageous for this type of firm to operate a business in multiple countries

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and function in the amniote jaw.

The amniote jaw complex is a remarkable amalgamation of derivatives from distinct embryonic cell lineages. During development, the cells in these lineages experience concerted movements, migrations, and signaling interactions that take them from their initial origins to their final destinations and imbue their derivatives with aspects of form including their axial orientation, anatomical identity, size, and shape. Perturbations along the way can produce defects and disease, but also generate the variation necessary for jaw evolution and adaptation. We focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate form in the amniote jaw complex, and that enable structural and functional integration. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cranial neural crest mesenchyme (NCM) during the species-specific patterning of bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and other jaw tissues. We also address the effects of biomechanical forces during jaw development and discuss ways in which certain molecular and cellular responses add adaptive and evolutionary plasticity to jaw morphology. Overall, we highlight how variation in molecular and cellular programs can promote the phenomenal diversity and functional morphology achieved during amniote jaw evolution or lead to the range of jaw defects and disease that affect the human condition

Borderline ovarian tumours-patterns of recurrence and fertility outcome

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting recurrence and prognosis in patients with borderline ovarian tumours and to assess the fertility outcome in women treated with conservative surgery.Methods: Fifty-six patients diagnosed with borderline ovarian tumours during the period between January 2005 and December 2009 in Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Thiruvananthapuram were included. Patients were followed till December 2012.Results: Median follow up period was 52.5 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.5 yrs. Histopathology was serous in 41.1%, mucinous in 57.1%, and endometrioid in 1.8%. 48 patients (85.7%) had stage I disease, 2 patients (3.6%) had Stage II disease and 6 patients (10.7%) had stage III disease at diagnosis. 11 patients (19.6%) had bilateral tumours of which 7(63.6%) were serous and 4 were mucinous. 27 patients (48.2%) underwent fertility sparing surgery of which 13 patients underwent cystectomy and 14 underwent ovariotomy. 29 patients (51.78 %) underwent complete surgery including hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oopherectomy and omentectomy. 14.3% of patients had microinvasive disease and 14.3 % had micro papillary disease on histopathology. 9 patients (16.1 %) had peritoneal implants of which 1 was invasive and 8 were non-invasive. Recurrence rate in the entire study group was 30.4%, 14.28% among patients undergoing complete surgery, 28.57% among patients undergoing adnexectomy and 69.2% among patients undergoing cystectomy.Conclusions: Univariate analysis showed a significant association between micropapillary histology, peritoneal implants and recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only peritoneal implants were found to be independently associated with recurrence

Plasticity of the Muscle Stem Cell Microenvironment

Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells capable of repairing damaged and creating new muscle tissue throughout life. Their functionality is tightly controlled by a microenvironment composed of a wide variety of factors, such as numerous secreted molecules and different cell types, including blood vessels, oxygen, hormones, motor neurons, immune cells, cytokines, fibroblasts, growth factors, myofibers, myofiber metabolism, the extracellular matrix and tissue stiffness. This complex niche controls SC biology-quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation or renewal and return to quiescence. In this review, we attempt to give a brief overview of the most important players in the niche and their mutual interaction with SCs. We address the importance of the niche to SC behavior under physiological and pathological conditions, and finally survey the significance of an artificial niche both for basic and translational research purposes

Decellularised skeletal muscles allow functional muscle regeneration by promoting host cell migration

Pathological conditions affecting skeletal muscle function may lead to irreversible volumetric muscle loss (VML). Therapeutic approaches involving acellular matrices represent an emerging and promising strategy to promote regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury. Here we investigated the ability of three different decellularised skeletal muscle scaffolds to support muscle regeneration in a xenogeneic immune-competent model of VML, in which the EDL muscle was surgically resected. All implanted acellular matrices, used to replace the resected muscles, were able to generate functional artificial muscles by promoting host myogenic cell migration and differentiation, as well as nervous fibres, vascular networks, and satellite cell (SC) homing. However, acellular tissue mainly composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) allowed better myofibre three-dimensional (3D) organization and the restoration of SC pool, when compared to scaffolds which also preserved muscular cytoskeletal structures. Finally, we showed that fibroblasts are indispensable to promote efficient migration and myogenesis by muscle stem cells across the scaffolds in vitro. This data strongly support the use of xenogeneic acellular muscles as device to treat VML conditions in absence of donor cell implementation, as well as in vitro model for studying cell interplay during myogenesis

Early lineage restriction in temporally distinct populations of Mesp1 progenitors during mammalian heart development.

Cardiac development arises from two sources of mesoderm progenitors, the first heart field (FHF) and the second (SHF). Mesp1 has been proposed to mark the most primitive multipotent cardiac progenitors common for both heart fields. Here, using clonal analysis of the earliest prospective cardiovascular progenitors in a temporally controlled manner during early gastrulation, we found that Mesp1 progenitors consist of two temporally distinct pools of progenitors restricted to either the FHF or the SHF. FHF progenitors were unipotent, whereas SHF progenitors were either unipotent or bipotent. Microarray and single-cell PCR with reverse transcription analysis of Mesp1 progenitors revealed the existence of molecularly distinct populations of Mesp1 progenitors, consistent with their lineage and regional contribution. Together, these results provide evidence that heart development arises from distinct populations of unipotent and bipotent cardiac progenitors that independently express Mesp1 at different time points during their specification, revealing that the regional segregation and lineage restriction of cardiac progenitors occur very early during gastrulation.This is the author's accepted manuscript and will be under embargo until the 24th of February 2015. The final version is published by NPG in Nature Cell Biology here: http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v16/n9/full/ncb3024.html

Influence of green innovation strategy on brand value: The role of marketing capability and R&D intensity

Research data for this article: Data not available / Data will be made available on request.Supplementary materials are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162521003784?via%3Dihub#sec0033 .Green innovation has received growing attention from the business sector in recent years, yet few studies have examined the internal mechanisms and contingent conditions that link green innovation to a firm's brand value. By integrating the brand value literature with the resource-based view (RBV), our research investigates the moderating roles of marketing capability and R&D intensity in the influence of green innovation strategy (GIS) on brand value. The System-GMM method was used to estimate a dynamic panel data model based on firm-level panel data from 164 listed companies in the global automotive industry between 2011 and 2018. The results confirmed that GIS has a positive impact on brand value, showing that automotive firms can use GIS to improve their brand value. Furthermore, the contingent effects of a firm's marketing capability and R&D intensity were supported. Marketing capability and R&D intensity positively moderate the relationship between GIS and brand value. The effect of GIS on brand value is more significant for firms with high R&D intensity and high marketing capability investment compared to those firms with low intensity and low investment. This study provides crucial theoretical and managerial implications for managers