Premature Cell Senescence and T Cell Receptor‐Independent Activation of CD8+ T Cells in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99044/1/art38015.pd

Learner engagement in virtual learning environments: a qualitative case study among English teacher trainees

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine the learner engagement in virtual learning environments and challenges face by the learners. Design/methodology/approach: This reach is a qualitative case study adopts semi structured personal interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). 20 personal interviews and 8 focus group discussions were conducted among Diploma in TESL English teacher trainees in two private colleges. Findings: This research found that though students prefer virtual learning, most of the students skip online classes than physical lectures. However, they find virtual learning is tedious and not motivating and they feel that face-to-face physical classroom is much more effective than virtual since physical classes improve very positive teacher- students’ rapport. This research also found that the students prefer blended mode due to many Practical implications: Most of the research conducted so far has focused on emergency remote teaching and online learning during the pandemic and post pandemic. Insignificant research has been done on exploring learner engagement in virtual teaching and learning environment. This research finding may be an eye opener for the institutes and teachers to think more about Lerner engagement in virtual teaching and learning. Originality value: This research is a one of the cutting edge research which highlights the new perspectives on virtual learning context

Challenges of internal security in Nigeria on macroeconomic performances in covid-19 era

Security generally is fundamental to human life and development but the current situation of feeling unsafe calls for concern both globally and at national and individual levels. The decay in our internal security has affected macroeconomic performances following the ravages by covid-19 pandemic. This paper seeks to illuminate on the consequences of covid-19 on internal security as it affect macroeconomic performances in Nigeria. The pandemic has restricted movement and circularization of goods and services leading to poor performance of macroeconomics generally as it did other sectors of human life. Abundant literature on security, macroeconomics and covid-19 exist however, to the author’s knowledge none have looked at the challenge of covid-19 as a form of internal security threat that challenge the performance of macroeconomics. The paper employed qualitative approach in the conduct of the research. Principally data was sourced from both print and electronic media. The research submitted that health security as aspect of internal security has been endangered by covid-19 pandemic and that brought about the collapse of many businesses. Public policy makers, macroeconomics scholars and health economists are major target audience of this paper. It is expected that the paper will add to the pool of existing literature on the internal security and macroeconomics

Interplaying factors of students personal characteristics in online learning modality: evidence in asian context

Mapping the multidimensional impact of learner attributes on behavior demonstrates the importance of models in learning. To this purpose, we examined the correlations between strategies and student characteristics and utilized regression analysis to determine how learner attributes affect strategy selection. A cross-sectional study of 258 students demonstrated widespread strategy use, as well as statistically significant connections within and between the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning and Student Characteristics of Learning measures. Regression analysis found distinctions in the types of learner characteristics associated with strategy adoption, most notably between direct and indirect strategies. Instrumental motivation predicted both direct and indirect Strategy Inventory for Language Learning scores, but self-efficacy affected memory, cognitive, and compensatory strategies, and perseverance predicted reported metacognitive and emotional strategy choice levels. Additionally, a negative route coefficient occurred between persistence and compensation techniques and between competition and memory strategies, implying mediation and a high degree of complexity in the way learner traits impact behavior. The present study's findings have implications for prospective instructor techniques for motivating students to become fully involved in language learning via the online procedure.Campus At

Treatment for First Cytomegalovirus Infection Post–Hematopoietic Cell Transplant in the AURORA Trial: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase 3 Trial Comparing Maribavir With Valganciclovir

Background Neutropenia may limit the use of valganciclovir treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). A phase 2 study indicated efficacy of maribavir with fewer treatment-limiting toxicities than valganciclovir.Methods In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study, patients with first asymptomatic CMV infection post-HCT were stratified and randomized 1:1 to maribavir 400 mg twice daily or valganciclovir (dose-adjusted for renal clearance) for 8 weeks with 12 weeks of follow-up. The primary endpoint was confirmed CMV viremia clearance at week 8 (primary hypothesis of noninferiority margin of 7.0%). The key secondary endpoint was a composite of the primary endpoint with no findings of CMV tissue-invasive disease at week 8 through week 16. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed.Results Among patients treated (273 maribavir; 274 valganciclovir), the primary endpoint of noninferiority of maribavir was not met (maribavir, 69.6%; valganciclovir, 77.4%; adjusted difference: -7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.98, -.36; lower limit of 95% CI of treatment difference exceeded -7.0%). At week 16, 52.7% and 48.5% of patients treated (maribavir and valganciclovir, respectively) maintained CMV viremia clearance without tissue-invasive disease (adjusted difference: 4.4%; 95% CI: -3.91, 12.76). With maribavir (vs valganciclovir), fewer patients experienced neutropenia (16.1% and 52.9%) or discontinued due to TEAEs (27.8% and 41.2%). Discontinuations were mostly due to neutropenia (maribavir, 4.0%; valganciclovir, 17.5%).Conclusions Although noninferiority of maribavir to valganciclovir for the primary endpoint was not achieved based on the prespecified noninferiority margin, maribavir demonstrated comparable CMV viremia clearance during post-treatment follow-up, with fewer discontinuations due to neutropenia. Clinical Trials Registration.NCT02927067 [AURORA].Conclusions Although noninferiority of maribavir to valganciclovir for the primary endpoint was not achieved based on the prespecified noninferiority margin, maribavir demonstrated comparable CMV viremia clearance during post-treatment follow-up, with fewer discontinuations due to neutropenia. Clinical Trials Registration.NCT02927067 [AURORA].Noninferiority of maribavir to valganciclovir was not met for the primary endpoint of CMV viremia clearance at study week 8. However, maribavir had comparable post-treatment CMV viremia clearance to valganciclovir, and was associated with a lower incidence of treatment-limiting neutropenia.Graphical Abstrac

Haploidentical donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap neoplasms: results from a North American collaboration

Haploidentical donors offer a potentially readily available donor, especially for non-White patients, for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In this North American collaboration, we retrospectively analyzed outcomes of first HCT using haploidentical donor and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) overlap neoplasms (MDS/MPN). We included 120 consecutive patients who underwent HCT using a haploidentical donor for MDS/MPN across 15 centers. Median age was 62.5 years and 38% were of non-White/Caucasian ethnicity. The median follow-up was 2.4 years. Graft failure was reported in seven of 120 (6%) patients. At 3 years, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17-34), relapse 27% (95% CI: 18-36), grade 3-4 acute graftversus- host disease 12% (95% CI: 6-18), chronic graft-versus-host disease requiring systemic immunosuppression 14% (95% CI: 7-20), progression-free survival (PFS) 48% (95% CI: 39-59), and overall survival (OS) 56% (95% CI: 47-67). On multivariable analysis, NRM was statistically significantly associated with advancing age at HCT (per decade increment, subdistribution hazard ratio [sdHR] =3.28; 95% CI: 1.30-8.25); relapse with the presence of mutation in EZH2/RUNX1/SETBP1 (sdHR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.06-6.44); PFS with advancing age at HCT (per decade increment, HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.13-3.45); and OS with advancing age at HCT (per decade increment, HR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.11-3.63) and splenomegaly at HCT/prior splenectomy (HR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.04-4.65). Haploidentical donors are a viable option for HCT in MDS/MPN, especially for those disproportionately represented in the unrelated donor registry. Hence, donor mismatch should not preclude HCT for patients with MDS/MPN, an otherwise incurable malignancy. In addition to patient age, disease-related factors including splenomegaly and high-risk mutations dominate outcomes following HCT