The anti-cancer effect of retinoic acid signaling in CRC occurs via decreased growth of ALDH+ colon cancer stem cells and increased differentiation of stem cells

Background: Tumorigenesis is driven by stem cell (SC) overpopulation. BecauseALDH is both a marker for SCs in many tissues and a key enzyme in retinoid acid (RA)signaling, we studied RA signaling in normal and malignant colonic SCs.Hypothesis: RA signaling regulates growth and differentiation of ALDH+ colonicSCs dysregulation of RA signaling contributes to SC overpopulation and colorectalcancer (CRC) development.Methods: We analyzed normal and malignant colonic tissues and CRC cell linesto see if retinoid receptors (RXR &RAR) are exclusively expressed in ALDH+ SCs,and if RA signaling changes during CRC development. We determined whether RAsignaling regulates cancer SC (CSC) proliferation, differentiation, sphere formation,and population size.Results: RXR &RAR were expressed in ALDH+ colonic SCs, but not in MCM2+proliferative cells. Western blotting/immunostaining of CRCs revealed that RAsignaling components become overexpressed in parallel with ALDH overexpression,which coincides with the known overpopulation of ALDH+ SCs that occurs during,and drives, CRC development. Treatment of SCs with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)decreased proliferation, sphere formation and ALDH+ SC population size, and induceddifferentiation along the neuroendocrine cell (NEC) lineage.Conclusions: Retinoid signaling, by regulating ALDH+ colonic CSCs, decreases SCproliferation, sphere formation, and population size, and increases SC differentiation toNECs. Dysregulation of RA signaling in colonic SCs likely contributes to overpopulationof ALDH+ SCs and CRC growth.Implications: That retinoid receptors RXR and RAR are selectively expressed inALDH+ SCs indicates RA signaling mainly occurs via ALDH+ SCs, which provides amechanism to selectively target CSCs. © 2018 Impact Journals LLC. All rights reserved

A study on Mechanical properties of Vinylester based bio composite with Starch as filler material

In composites a conglomeration produces material properties which are unavailable from individual constituent materials. The use of petroleum based products as constituents in polymer matrix composite has raised concerns regarding environmental issue and non -renewability of the resource. Therefore in this work an attempt has been made to develop a biocomposite material using untreated dupion silk fiber as reinforcement material and vinyl ester as matrix material with Potato Starch used as filler material by hand layup technique.The biocomposites were prepared in varying percentage of filler addition (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and different mechanical tests (tensile, flexure and hardness) were conducted on the samples prepared to the ASTM standards.From the results of the experiments conducted on the specimen it can be concluded that the performance of 10% Starch filler content Biocomposite is satisfactory in all aspects compared to 0%, 20%, and 30% Starch filler content Biocomposites

Reducing the Reflection of Light in Side View Mirrors at Night using Electrochromism

Every automobile has rear view mirrors and side view mirrors to make it easier for the driver to look at the rear side of the vehicle easily. They help the driver in moving the vehicle backwards without anyone's assistance. Usually, the rear view mirrors are located at the top of the windscreen and they are adjustable according to the position and viewing angle of the driver. During night times, the light from the head lights of the vehicle behind is reflected and falls directly on the eyes of the driver. This light reflection from the rear view mirrors causes a strain on our eyes and results in our eyes becoming tired and drowsy, consequently results in lack of alertness and can result in an accident. People who drive for more than 100 miles during the night experience this type of strain in their eyes. This can be avoided by reducing the reflection of light from the side view mirrors by implementing the process of electro chromism in the mirrors. By means of this process, we will be introducing a glass that changes the intensity of reflection when a voltage is applied

Investigation of Mechanical properties on Vinylester based bio composite with Gelatin as randomly distributed filler material)

In the present work an attempt has been made to develop Bio-composite Material using raw dupion silk fiber reinforced vinylester matrix in addition with gelatin as filler material with varying percentage using hand lay-up method. The experiments namely tensile, flexural and hardness test were conducted on the standard samples prepared. An appreciable improvement was found in the mechanical properties of the Bio-composite, which can be used for variety of applications in the human bone replacement. The biocomposites were prepared in varying percentage of filler addition (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and different mechanical tests (tensile, flexure and ardness) were conducted on the samples prepared as per ASTM standards. According to literature survey the human femur bone with tensile strength for female is 30.08±7.96MPa. In this work it was found that tensile strength of 30% gelatin filled with Dupion silk fiber reinforced vinylester bio-composite material is 26.86 MPa

Welding

Friction welding method is one of the most simple, economical and highly productive methods in joining similar and dissimilar metals. It is widely used in the automotive, aircraft and aerospace industrial applications. For many applications it is often necessary to join aluminium (6061) to make finished part. In this project the main aim is to weld the small thickness of aluminum (6061) plates for that friction welding machine used is of higher cost. Here the aim is reduce the cost of friction welding machine with simple parts like three phase A.C induction motor, bush, frame stand, friction tool, universal vice, vertical moving bed, horizontal moving bed, etc. The result expected would be of same strength as that of old friction welding machine. It is very easy and at same time production time is very much reduced. This machine is best suitable for mass production

Surface wave control for large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Large ultra-sensitive detector arrays are needed for present and future observatories for far infra-red, submillimeter wave (THz), and millimeter wave astronomy. With increasing array size, it is increasingly important to control stray radiation inside the detector chips themselves, the surface wave. We demonstrate this effect with focal plane arrays of 880 lens-antenna coupled Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs). Presented here are near field measurements of the MKID optical response versus the position on the array of a reimaged optical source. We demonstrate that the optical response of a detector in these arrays saturates off-pixel at the $\sim-30$ dB level compared to the peak pixel response. The result is that the power detected from a point source at the pixel position is almost identical to the stray response integrated over the chip area. With such a contribution, it would be impossible to measure extended sources, while the point source sensitivity is degraded due to an increase of the stray loading. However, we show that by incorporating an on-chip stray light absorber, the surface wave contribution is reduced by a factor $>$10. With the on-chip stray light absorber the point source response is close to simulations down to the $\sim-35$ dB level, the simulation based on an ideal Gaussian illumination of the optics. In addition, as a crosscheck we show that the extended source response of a single pixel in the array with the absorbing grid is in agreement with the integral of the point source measurements.Comment: accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technolog

Avoiding Drunken Driving Road Accidents by using Alcoholic Sensors

The purpose of this work is to avoid drunken driving accident by using alcohol detecting sensor. The uncontrolled many accidents were happened because of influence of alcohol during driving. To avoid such accidents, we have proposed alcoholic sensor in the vehicle ignition system. This system is integrating the alcohol sensor with microcontroller, relay switch and battery. The alcohol sensor used in this project is MQ-3 which detects the presence of alcohol content in human breath. Vehicle ignition system gets power from battery through relay switch. The ignition system will operate based on the level of Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) in human breath detected by the alcohol sensor and the signal will send to microcontroller, which will supply power to spark plug