Necessary and sufficient conditions for bipartite entanglement

Necessary and sufficient conditions for bipartite entanglement are derived, which apply to arbitrary Hilbert spaces. Motivated by the concept of witnesses, optimized entanglement inequalities are formulated solely in terms of arbitrary Hermitian operators, which makes them useful for applications in experiments. The needed optimization procedure is based on a separability eigenvalue problem, whose analytical solutions are derived for a special class of projection operators. For general Hermitian operators, a numerical implementation of entanglement tests is proposed. It is also shown how to identify bound entangled states with positive partial transposition.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figur

On multipartite invariant states I. Unitary symmetry

We propose a natural generalization of bipartite Werner and isotropic states to multipartite systems consisting of an arbitrary even number of d-dimensional subsystems (qudits). These generalized states are invariant under the action of local unitary operations. We study basic properties of multipartite invariant states: separability criteria and multi-PPT conditions.Comment: 9 pages; slight correction

Classification of bi-qutrit positive partial transpose entangled edge states by their ranks

We construct $3\otimes 3$ PPT entangled edge states with maximal ranks, to complete the classification of $3\otimes 3$ PPT entangled edge states by their types. The ranks of the states and their partial transposes are 8 and 6, respectively. These examples also disprove claims in the literature.Comment: correct the title to avoid an acronym, correct few text

Charge Frustration Effects in Capacitively Coupled Two-Dimensional Josephson-Junction Arrays

We investigate the quantum phase transitions in two capacitively coupled two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays with charge frustration. The system is mapped onto the S=1 and $S=1/2$ anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets near the particle-hole symmetry line and near the maximal-frustration line, respectively, which are in turn argued to be effectively described by a single quantum phase model. Based on the resulting model, it is suggested that near the maximal frustration line the system may undergo a quantum phase transition from the charge-density wave to the super-solid phase, which displays both diagonal and off- diagonal long-range order.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Large-Scale Schr\"odinger-Cat States and Majorana Bound States in Coupled Circuit-QED Systems

We have studied the low-lying excitations of a chain of coupled circuit-QED systems, and report several intriguing properties of its two nearly degenerate ground states. The ground states are Schr\"odinger cat states at a truly large scale, involving maximal entanglement between the resonator and the qubit, and are mathematically equivalent to Majorana bound states. With a suitable design of physical qubits, they are protected against local fluctuations and constitute a non-local qubit. Further, they can be probed and manipulated coherently by attaching an empty resonator to one end of the circuit-QED chain.Comment: 5 pages; 2 figures; incorrect references corrected; typos correcte