Fractures and lineaments of Sicily Island: Preliminary results on analog optical techniques

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Numerical Study of the Oscillatory Convergence to the Attractor at the Edge of Chaos

This paper compares three different types of ``onset of chaos'' in the logistic and generalized logistic map: the Feigenbaum attractor at the end of the period doubling bifurcations; the tangent bifurcation at the border of the period three window; the transition to chaos in the generalized logistic with inflection 1/2 ($x_{n+1} = \mu x_{n}^{1/2}$), in which the main bifurcation cascade, as well as the bifurcations generated by the periodic windows in the chaotic region, collapse in a single point. The occupation number and the Tsallis entropy are studied. The different regimes of convergence to the attractor, starting from two kinds of far-from-equilibrium initial conditions, are distinguished by the presence or absence of log-log oscillations, by different power-law scalings and by a gap in the saturation levels. We show that the escort distribution implicit in the Tsallis entropy may tune the log-log oscillations or the crossover times.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Super-quadratic behavior of luminescence decay excited by energy-transfer upconversion

For several decades, energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) in rare-earth-ion doped systems [1,2] has attracted much attention, firstly, because of the fundamental interest in the physical nature of this process and, secondly, because of very practical considerations, namely the demonstration of near-infrared pumped visible light sources and, in reverse, the detrimental influence of ETU on the efficiency of infrared emitting systems.\ud We investigate fundamentally the behavior of infrared luminescence emitted directly from a metastable level and visible luminescence emitted after ETU from this level to higher-lying levels. Although these two luminescences are connected by the same metastable level and influenced by the same ETU process, the infrared luminescence probes all ions, while the visible luminescence probes only the class of ions susceptible to ETU [3]. A simple analytical model [4] predicts that such luminescence decay curves exhibit a super-quadratic dependence of upconversion on direct luminescence decay.\ud The Nd3+ ion can serve as a model system for such investigations. It exhibits strong ETU from the metastable 4F3/2 level. When doped into oxide matrices, the 4F3/2 level is the only metastable level. The Nd3+ energy levels excited by ETU decay by fast multiphonon relaxation and, hence, the weak visible fluorescence emitted from these levels represents a quasi instantaneous reaction on the dynamics of the 4F3/2 level. Experimental results obtained after pulsed laser excitation of Nd3+-doped oxide host materials show indeed a super-quadratic behavior of upconversion versus direct luminescence decay, in accordance with the model predictions [4].\ud \ud [1] F. Auzel, Proc. IEEE 1973, 6, 758\ud [2] J.C. Wright, Top. Appl. Phys. 1976, 15, 239\ud [3] M. Pollnau, D.R. Gamelin, S.R. Lüthi, H.U. Güdel, M.P. Hehlen, Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61, 3337\ud [4] M. Pollnau, J. Alloys Compd. 2002, 341, 5

Contribution of Skylab multispectral imagery to the remote sensing studies of Mount Etna volcano

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Results of Skylab investigation over Italy

The author has identified the following significant results. Multispectral high resolution photography of S190A was successfully applied to the detection of paleoriverbeds in flat lands. Results of SL-3 mission were compared to those of LANDSAT for two regional geological surveys (linear structures) on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. On Sicily, the seasonal conditions were unfavorable for Skylab while LANDSAT played a major role in discovering long, unknown lineaments of great interest for the geodynamics of the area. On Sardinia, owing to the vegetation type and to the geomorphic conditions, the Skylab imagery was successfully employed to describe the network of linears, both regional and local. Results can be used to study the relationship between linears, actual fracturing and the occurrence of mineral deposits

Superquadratic behavior of upconversion luminescence transients in rare-earth-ion doped laser crystals

Inhomogeneous active-ion distributions in laser materials lead to strong deviations of upconversion versus direct luminescence transients from the quadratic law of energy-transfer upconversion. Measured luminescence decay curves in LaSc3(BO3)4:Nd3+ and GdVO4:Nd3+ confirm experimentally the predicted deviations. Differences in energy migration within the metastable level of Nd3+ are identified

EXTRACTION of DEMS and ORTHOIMAGES from ARCHIVE AERIAL IMAGERY to SUPPORT PROJECT PLANNING in CIVIL ENGINEERING

Archive aerial photos represent a valuable heritage to provide information about land content and topography in the past years. Today, the availability of low-cost and open-source solutions for photogrammetric processing of close-range and drone images offers the chance to provide outputs such as DEM's and orthoimages in easy way. This paper is aimed at demonstrating somehow and to which level of accuracy digitized archive aerial photos may be used within a such kind of low-cost software (Agisoft Photoscan Professional®) to generate photogrammetric outputs. Different steps of the photogrammetric processing workflow are presented and discussed. The main conclusion is that this procedure may come to provide some final products, which however do not feature the high accuracy and resolution that may be obtained using high-end photogrammetric software packages specifically designed for aerial survey projects. In the last part a case study is presented about the use of four-epoch archive of aerial images to analyze the area where a tunnel has to be excavated

Weak insensitivity to initial conditions at the edge of chaos in the logistic map

We extend existing studies of weakly sensitive points within the framework of Tsallis non-extensive thermodynamics to include weakly insensitive points at the edge of chaos. Analyzing tangent points of the logistic map we have verified that the generalized entropy with suitable entropic index q correctly describes the approach to the attractor.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Application of algal bioassays in the determination of eutrophic power of waste water (”Conclusions” only) [Translation from: 1g.Sanita pubbl. 31 257-267, 1975]

The best evidence for establishing the level of eutrophy of a water-body is its algal production which makes it possible to identify the type and the intensity of the eutrophication according to the kind and number of algal species present: when the number of algae exceeds half a million per litre then one speaks o an ”algal bloom”. The scope of the present research aims to verify if the alga Selenastrum capricornutum can be used as a test alga under our culture conditions and to determine the eutrophic level of the secondary effluent of a modern plant for the treatment of domestic discharge and to investigate the eventual ”limiting factors”. Finally this paper aims to study the effect on the secondary effluent of tertiary treatment carried out artificially in the laboratory

Particle detection through the quantum counter concept in YAG:Er3+^{3+}

We report about a novel scheme for particle detection based on the infrared quantum counter concept. Its operation consists of a two-step excitation process of a four level system, that can be realized in rare earth-doped crystals when a cw pump laser is tuned to the transition from the second to the fourth level. The incident particle raises the atoms of the active material into a low lying, metastable energy state, triggering the absorption of the pump laser to a higher level. Following a rapid non-radiative decay to a fluorescent level, an optical signal is observed with a conventional detectors. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of such a scheme, we have investigated the emission from the fluorescent level $^4$S$_{3/2}$ (540 nm band) in an Er$^{3+}$-doped YAG crystal pumped by a tunable titanium sapphire laser when it is irradiated with 60 keV electrons delivered by an electron gun. We have obtained a clear signature this excitation increases the $^{4}I_{13/2}$ metastable level population that can efficiently be exploited to generate a detectable optical signal