A voluntary contribution experiment with one-way communication and income heterogeneity

One-way communication has been found to substantially increase contributions in linear voluntary contribution mechanisms. We confirm the robustness of this result in the presence of income heterogeneity.Public goods experiment, Cheap talk, Heterogeneous en- dowments

Leading by Words: A Voluntary Contribution Experiment With One-Way Communication

In this paper, we study a voluntary contribution mechanism with one-way communication. The relevance of one person's words is assessed by assigning exogenously the role of the "communicator" to one group member. Contrary to the view that the mutual exchange of promises is necessary for the cooperation-enhancing effect of communication, we ï¬nd that, compared to a standard voluntary contribution mechanism with no communication, one-way communication signiï¬cantly increases contributions and renders them stable over time. Moreover, the positive effects of one-way communication persist even when communication is one-shot.Public goods experiment, Computer-mediated communication, Cheap-talk, Cooperation

Impfungen unter immunsuppressiver Therapie chronisch entzündlicher Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung: Chronisch entzündliche Krankheiten und immunsupprimierende bzw. -modulierende Therapien prädisponieren für häufigere und schwerer verlaufende Infektionen. Gewisse Infektionen können durch Impfungen verhindert werden. Unter Immunsuppression müssen die Indikation, das Impfansprechen und v.a. bei Lebendimpfstoffen mögliche Nebenwirkungen evaluiert werden. Am besten ist eine Impfung vor Beginn einer immunsupprimierenden Therapie, da dann Lebendimpfstoffe erlaubt sind und das immunologische Ansprechen besser ist. Patienten profitieren zusätzlich zu den Grundimmunisierungen von Impfungen gegen Influenza und Pneumokokken. Eine Verschlechterung der Grundkrankheit durch eine Impfung konnte in keiner kontrollierten Studie dokumentiert werde

Forest management intensity affects aquatic communities in artificial tree holes

Forest management could potentially affect organisms in all forest habitats. However, aquatic communities in water-filled tree-holes may be especially sensitive because of small population sizes, the risk of drought and potential dispersal limitation. We set up artificial tree holes in forest stands subject to different management intensities in two regions in Germany and assessed the influence of local environmental properties (tree-hole opening type, tree diameter, water volume and water temperature) as well as regional drivers (forest management intensity, tree-hole density) on tree-hole insect communities (not considering other organisms such as nematodes or rotifers), detritus content, oxygen and nutrient concentrations. In addition, we compared data from artificial tree holes with data from natural tree holes in the same area to evaluate the methodological approach of using tree-hole analogues. We found that forest management had strong effects on communities in artificial tree holes in both regions and across the season. Abundance and species richness declined, community composition shifted and detritus content declined with increasing forest management intensity. Environmental variables, such as tree-hole density and tree diameter partly explained these changes. However, dispersal limitation, indicated by effects of tree-hole density, generally showed rather weak impacts on communities. Artificial tree holes had higher water temperatures (on average 2° C higher) and oxygen concentrations (on average 25% higher) than natural tree holes. The abundance of organisms was higher but species richness was lower in artificial tree holes. Community composition differed between artificial and natural tree holes. Negative management effects were detectable in both tree-hole systems, despite their abiotic and biotic differences. Our results indicate that forest management has substantial and pervasive effects on tree-hole communities and may alter their structure and functioning. We furthermore conclude that artificial tree-hole analogues represent a useful experimental alternative to test effects of changes in forest management on natural communities.Fil: Petermann, Jana S.. University of Salzburg; Austria. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research; AlemaniaFil: Rohland, Anja. Friedrich Schiller University; AlemaniaFil: Sichardt, Nora. Friedrich Schiller University; AlemaniaFil: Lade, Peggy. Friedrich Schiller University; AlemaniaFil: Guidetti, Brenda Yamile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Friedrich Schiller University; AlemaniaFil: Weisser, Wolfgang W.. Friedrich Schiller University; Alemania. Technische Universität München; AlemaniaFil: Gossner, Martin M.. Friedrich Schiller University; Alemania. Technische Universität München; Alemani

44-jähriger Patient mit kulturnegativer, purulenter Perikarditis

Zusammenfassung: Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit purulenter Perikarditis und drohender Perikardtamponade, verursacht durch Neisseria meningitidis. Bei negativen Kulturen aus Blut und Perikardpunktat, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch die Vorbehandlung mit Antibiotika, konnten wir mittels Breitspektrumpolymerasekettenreaktion aus dem Perikardpunktat und einem Latexagglutinationstest aus Pleurapunktat Meningokokken der SerogruppeC nachweisen. Eine Meningokokkenperikarditis ohne Meningitis ist selten. Diagnostische Methoden auf nicht-kultureller Basis spielen bei Patienten, die bereits mit Antibiotika vorbehandelt sind, eine wichtige Roll

Hepatitis with Fibrin-Ring Granulomas

Abstract : We describe a 66-year-old woman hospitalized with fever, fatigue and hepatopathy. In her medical history arterial hypertension (treated with propranolol and lisinopril), diabetes mellitus type 2 (no treatment before admission) and a gout arthropathy were noted wherefore a therapy with allopurinol 300 mg per day has been started 4 months before. Liver biopsy revealed fibrin-ring granulomas, compatible with allopurinolinduced hepatitis. Because of persistence of high fever after stopping allopurinol, steroids (1 mg/kg) were started. Under this treatment, she developed pancytopenia and fever. The bone marrow aspiration revealed Leishmania infantum. A second liver biopsy showed amastigotes and a disappearance of the granulomas. The history revealed a travel to Malta 2 years earlier. Despite adequate treatment with liposomal amphotericin B the patient deteriorated and finally died in septic shoc

A voluntary contribution experiment with one-way communication and income heterogeneity

One-way communication has been found to substantially increase contributions in linear voluntary contribution mechanisms. We confirm the robustness of this result in the presence of income heterogeneity

identification of a reversible EC-mechanism

Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] displays unique catalytic properties in electron-transfer catalysis such as in allylic substitutions, hydrosilylation, transesterifications, or carbene transfer chemistry. Herein we present a detailed spectroelectrochemical investigation of this complex that unravels an interesting electrochemical–chemical transformation in which two parts of [Fe(CO)3(NO)]− are oxidized and undergo a disproportionation in the presence of CO to [Fe(CO)5] and [Fe(CO)2(NO)2]. Upon re-reduction the former two complexes regenerate [Fe(CO)3(NO)]− to about 85

Three-centre cluster structure in 11C and 11B

Studies of the 16O(9Be,alpha 7Be)14C, 7Li(9Be,alpha 7Li)5He and 7Li(9Be,alpha alpha t)5He reactions at E(beam)=70 and 55 MeV have been performed using resonant particle spectroscopy techniques. The 11C excited states decaying into alpha+7Be(gs) are observed between 8.5 and 13.5 MeV. The alpha+7Li(gs), alpha+7Li*(4.652 MeV) and t+8Be(gs) decays of 11B excited states between 9 and 19 MeV are observed. The decay processes are used to indicate the possible three-centre 2alpha+3He (2alpha+3H) cluster structure of observed states. This cluster structure is more prominent in the positive-parity states, where two rotational bands with large deformations are suggested. Excitations of some of the observed T=1/2 resonances coincide with the energies of previously measured T=3/2 isobaric analogs of the 11Be states,indicating that these states may have mixed isospin.Comment: Contribution for the proceedings of the NUSTAR'05: NUclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; accepted for publication in Journal of Physics