Захист вітчизняного товаровиробника при здійсненні державних закупівель: зарубіжний досвід

Систематизовані знання щодо зарубіжного досвіду здійснення захисту вітчизняного товаровиробника при здійсненні державних закупівель. Проаналізовані основні елементи протекціонізму в США, Великобританії, Швейцарії, Італії, Ізраїлі. Висловлені пропозиції щодо особливостей впровадження їх у вітчизняних реаліях.Систематизированны знания относительно зарубежного опыта реализации защиты отечественного товаропроизводителя при осуществлении государственных закупок. Проанализированы основные элементы протекционизма в США, Великобритании, Швейцарии, Италии, Израиле. Сформулированы предложения относительно особенностей внедрения их в отечественных реалиях.In the articles systematized of knowledge in relation to foreign experience of realization of defence of domestic commodity producer during realization of the public purchasing. An analysis of basic elements of protectionism in the USA, Great Britain, Switzerland, Italy, Israel. Suggestions are expressed in relation to the features of introduction of them in domestic realities are detailed

Державний фінансовий контроль є невід'ємною частиною державного управління

This multilevel study examined the relationships between moral climate factors and prosocial as well as antisocial behaviors inside and outside the school (school misconduct, delinquent behavior, and vandalism). The moral climate factors were punishment- and victim-based moral orientation, relationships among students, and teacher-student relationships. The analyses of data from 670 students in 69 classes showed that the classroom-level variables only had a significant impact on misconduct at school of students aged 12 to 20. For the other outcome variables, the student-level variables (student and teacher-student relationships, but especially students’ moral orientation) were significant. A novel finding was that a positive teacher-student relationship not only proved to be related to less misconduct inside the school but also to less delinquent behavior and vandalism outside the school. This indicates that the teacher is an important socializing agent for adolescent behavior in general

The Long-Term Effects of the Youth Crime Prevention Program “New Perspectives” on Delinquency and Recidivism

New Perspectives (NP) aims to prevent persistent criminal behavior. We examined the long-term effectiveness of NP and whether the effects were moderated by demographic and delinquency factors. At-risk youth aged 12 to 19 years were randomly assigned to the intervention group (NP, n = 47) or care as usual (CAU, n = 54). Official and self-report data were collected to assess recidivism. NP was not more effective in reducing delinquency levels and recidivism than CAU. Also, no moderator effects were found. The overall null effects are discussed, including further research and policy implications

Ramping up detention of young serious offenders: A safer future?

When youth commit serious violent or sexual offenses, this often generates a call for more severe punishments and longer detention sentences. An important question is whether (long) detention sentences are effective in decreasing recidivism among serious young offenders. To estimate recidivism rates in serious young offenders and elucidate the link between sentencing (in terms of custodial vs. non-custodial and length of imprisonment) and recidivism, three multilevel meta-analyses were conducted. With a systematic literature search, 27 studies and four datasets were traced, involving N = 2,308 participants, yielding 90 effect sizes for overall recidivism, 24 for specifically violent recidivism, and 23 for the association between length of imprisonment and recidivism. The average weighted overall recidivism rate was 44.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.59–51.46%) over an average period of 8.68 years. The rate of violent recidivism was estimated at 30.49% (95% CI: 20.92–40.52%), over an average period of 11.45 years. Recidivism rates were higher when recidivism was defined as an arrest for any new offense rather than for a specific offense and in studies conducted in the United States versus European studies. Violent recidivism rates were higher in studies with longer follow-up periods. Based on the limited available studies, no difference in recidivism rates following custodial and non-custodial sentences were found, nor an association between length of imprisonment and recidivism. To increase rehabilitation chances for youth offenders, further research is warranted to better understand the impact of sentencing and to ascertain what is needed to make custodial and non-custodial sentences more effective