Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Networks for a competitive and innovative organic horticulture in Flanders

Networks are considered to gain potential for supporting innovation. To understand how networks can maximally support the grower’s innovation process, a conceptual framework was constructed based on five dimensions: (i) creative idea generation, (ii) knowledge assemblage, (iii) learning process, (iv) coalition building and (v) institutional innovation. This paper explores how recently established networks for creating and exchanging knowledge in organic horticulture in Flanders can contribute to the innovation capacity of the organic horticultural community. Our analysis shows that each network has its rationality and assists its members, the organic grower and the organic sector as a whole, directly or indirectly, during their innovation process. The individual potential of the networks is highly reinforced by their close cooperation and safeguards the coherence of decisions taken in the networks. Individual networks are allowed to focus on their core business, but by aligning their activities they become more efficient and effective participants in the organic food and farming knowledge system. The actors and the governance of the networks, besides the creation of trust, the recognition of similar innovation models and necessary institutional support are seen as crucial in the success of the networks

Le potentiel génératif des tensions au sein de l'agroécologie belge

Food crises and ecologization have given rise to a Belgian dynamic that does not behave according to the conventional tripod of agroecology: practitioners, social movement, and scientists. Instead of simply recounting the history of Belgian agroecology, the authors trace the history and dynamics in Belgium), a journey along six strands that weave themselves into a Belgian tapestry: Genetically modified crop commandos, a scientific paradigm shift, hybrid expertise opening the Northern route that intersects with a Southern political route, an original non-institutional dynamic in the French-speaking part of Belgium and an institutional initiative that led to a rift in Flanders. In the following section, we identify, emerging from those six strands, four tensions that create a space of innovations, namely, politically differentiated discourses, land access, fair price, and epistemic tensions. We discuss then the generative potential of the 4 tensions and describe the potential of reconfigurations generated by boundaries organizations, food justice and transdisciplinarity. We conclude that the concept of agroecology continues to have transformative potential in Belgium today. However, no one can predict the course of such a largely non-institutional dynamic

The Distribution of Sn Between CaO–CuOx–FeOy–SiO2 Slag and Copper Metal at 1300 °C

In Europe, 50% of the copper originates from recycling. High-Cu containing scraps are regularly rich in impurities like Fe, Ni, Sn and Pb. Many high-Cu containing scraps are fed directly into anode-furnace casting installations or furnaces with limited refining capability. The impurities levels of the anodes produced in these processes should however remain acceptable for further electro-refining. The distribution of Sn between copper and slag has been investigated for conditions relevant to copper converting. Unlike previous studies, this work focuses on the behavior of Sn relevant to fire refining conditions, which are essential for anode refineries.In this study, liquid Cu–1Sn and CuOx–FeOy–SiO2 slag, with CaO additions, were equilibrated at 1300 °C in vacuum sealed SiO2 ampoules. After metal–slag equilibration, the samples were quenched in water. The composition of the slag and Cu metal was investigated with Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis. The distribution coefficients of Sn between slag and Cu metal were determined as a function of slag composition.status: Published onlin

Dynamics of and tensions surrounding agroecology: agroecology made in Belgium

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Embracing the Political in Technology and Transition Studies: A Response to Philip Vergragt and Bram Bos

This article is a short reaction to the comments of Vergragt (Found Sci, 2012) and Bos (Found Sci, 2012) on my article “Sustainability transition and the nature of technology” (Paredis in Found Sci 16(2–3):195–225, Paredis 2011). I start by situating current transition research in the sustainability debate. The relation between the two is simultaneously specific and vague: specific about processes at work during transitions, vague about the content and direction of the change. I then move on to a discussion of how a better conceptualisation of technology could strengthen the transition framework. I want to thank the two reviewers for their critical remarks, that stimulated me to better explain my position