Is Microfinance Service a Positive Sum Game? A Qualitative Study on Financial Sustainability of Microfinance Clients

To explore the impact of microfinance on the financial sustainability of clients. The author set out to determine to what extent do the clients utilize the funds to gain and reinvest in the business to accomplish sustainability.The study is based on an in-depth interview which was conducted with microfinance clients. A qualitative approach was used to capture the data. In-depth interviews were conducted using Thematic analysis method and secondary data from microfinance office records to capture their practices in operational utilization of funds. The finding of the study shows that the loan amount was not fully utilized for specified purposes and was used to meet the basic needs and contingencies. The respondents were influenced and unbalanced during the utilization of funds. Most of them treat their debt as an additional source of fund to meet their family responsibility. Keywords: Financial sustainability of clients, operational evaluation, qualitative method, thematic analysis, Biases, Microfinance, India DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-10-05 Publication date: April 30th 201

Transcription factor trapping by RNA in gene regulatory elements

Transcription factors (TFs) bind specific sequences in promoter-proximal and -distal DNA elements to regulate gene transcription. RNA is transcribed from both of these DNA elements, and some DNA binding TFs bind RNA. Hence, RNA transcribed from regulatory elements may contribute to stable TF occupancy at these sites. We show that the ubiquitously expressed TF Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) binds to both gene regulatory elements and their associated RNA species across the entire genome. Reduced transcription of regulatory elements diminishes YY1 occupancy, whereas artificial tethering of RNA enhances YY1 occupancy at these elements. We propose that RNA makes a modest but important contribution to the maintenance of certain TFs at gene regulatory elements and suggest that transcription of regulatory elements produces a positive-feedback loop that contributes to the stability of gene expression programs.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (HG002668)Biogen, Inc

Pion-nucleus elastic scattering on 12C, 40Ca, 90Zr, and 208Pb at 400 and 500 MeV

Pion-nucleus elastic scattering at energies above the Delta(1232) resonance is studied using both pi+ and pi- beams on 12C, 40Ca, 90Zr, and 208Pb. The present data provide an opportunity to study the interaction of pions with nuclei at energies where second-order corrections to impulse approximation calculations should be small. The results are compared with other data sets at similar energies, and with four different first-order impulse approximation calculations. Significant disagreement exists between the calculations and the data from this experiment

Review on Botnet Threat Detection in P2P

Botnets are nothing but the malicious codes such as viruses which are used for attacking the computers. These are act as threats and are very harmful. Due to distributed nature of botnets, it is hard to detect them in peer-to-peer networks. So we require the smarter technique to detect such threats. The automatic detection of botnet traffic is of high importance for service providers and large campus network monitoring. This paper gives the review on the various techniques used to detect such botnets. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15026

Cardiac diseases in pregnancy and its feto-maternal outcome

Background: Cardiac disease complicates 1-3% of all pregnancies. Of this Rheumatic heart disease constitute 74% and congenital heart disease 26%.Methods: A retrospective study of all patients with cardiac diseases delivered was conducted. A tabulated representation of the data was done. The various cardiac diseases were categorized according the severity, NYHA classification, type of pathology, the maternal and perinatal outcome was assessed, and the maternal mortality and perinatal mortality was recorded.Results: 84% patients belonged to age group 20-29 years. 8% were teen aged and 4% patients were elderly. 64% patients were either P0+0 or P0+1. 8% patients were P0+3 and 2% patient were P3+0. 74% patients had RHD. 26% had grade I, 40% had grade II, 20% patients had grade III and 14% had grade IV heart disease. The associated complications were anemia 46%, Respiratory tract infection 12%, pregnancy induced hypertension 2% and recurrent rheumatic fever 2%. 48% had normal vaginal delivery, 20% had forceps delivery and 32% had caesarean delivery. One mother died of heart failure. All patients of grade I (100%) had term delivery. 23.07% of grade I, 30% of grade II, 60% of grade III and 100% babies of grade IV mothers were of low birth weight (˂2.5 kg). Babies weighing ˂1.5 kg were seen in 5% grade II, 10% grade III and 42.85% mothers with grade IV disease. 2 of grade IV and each of grade I, II and III died.Conclusions: Feto-maternal outcome can be improved with close supervision of obstetrician and cardiologist throughout the pregnancy by antenatal care, early diagnosis and management

Mobile Phone Forensics Challenges and Tools Classification A Review

now every day billions of individuals use mobile phones in their daily activities, and generally, those activities would be criminal in nature. The exceptional advancements within the technology and increase in computing power of those devices over the previous few years, has junction rectifier to a rise of their practicality whereas keeping the dimensions of su ch devices sufficiently small to suit in a very pocket. The employment of mobile phones in criminal activities has junction rectifier to the necessity of sick the info in them. The acquisition of knowledge derived from cellular devices is often used as rhetorical proof that has become a main element of crime scene investigations. There square measure many common obstacles that lie before any mobile rhetorical skilled

Methane production from lactating Bhadawari and Murrah breeds of buffalo fed wheat straw-concentrate diet

To determine the buffalo breed difference in methane emission, six animals three each of lactating Bhadari and Murrah buffalo with mean body weight of 441.87±7.95 kg and 515.40±2.54 kg were used to estimate the nutrients digestibility and methane production. Animals of both breeds were fed wheat straw-concentrate for one month and a digestion trial was conducted for 6 days. During this period gas expired by animals was collected from each animal in canisters for 24 h following SF6 technique. Gas samples (4 to 5) were collected from each animal to estimate the CH4 production. Dry matter intake of Murrah bufflo (12.26) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than Bhadawari (8.96 kg/d). The dry matter and organic matter digestibility of wheat straw-concentrate diet was similar between both Bhadawari and Murrah buffalo breeds. Crude protein digestibility tended to be higher in Bhadawari (62.27) than Murrah buffalo (57.49%). The ADF and cellulose digestibility was relatively less in Bhadawari (41.45 and 58.81) than Murrah buffaloes (45.67 and 62.44%), while NDF and hemi-cellulose digestibility was at par between both buffalo breeds. Methane production g/Kg DDMI was lower (P<0.05) in Bhadwari (21.49 and 34.96) than Murrah breed buffaloes (23.26 and 41.88) on wheat straw-concentrate diet. Methane production (g/kg milk) was lower (P<0.05) for Bhadawari breed (42.78) than Murrah buffloes (49.96). It is evident from study that Bhadawari breed animal produced less methane per kg of feed intake and per kg of milk yield than Murrah breed animals

Comparison of Indian package inserts in public and private sector: an urgent need for self regulation

Background: Package inserts are the authentic source of information for the new molecules in the market. Incomplete and incorrect product information may promote irrational prescribing and may have serious consequences. Hence, our aim was to analyse and compare the information supplied in the package insert according to the section 6.2 and section 6.3 of schedule D of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 in public (government) and private (non-government) sector.Methods: Package inserts of allopathic drugs which were supplied by government from drug store of tertiary care centre and hospital and from pharmacies on request were collected. A total of 270 package inserts in English were collected that is 38 from government hospital and 232 from the pharmacies nearby the hospital. The package inserts were analysed for the presentation of completeness of the information as per section 6.2 and 6.3.Results: The presentation of information on analysing 233 package inserts (28 government and 205 non government) was not uniform and it was difficult to locate and retrieve information easily due to lack of common layout and heading. Moreover, the package inserts were of variable shape and size with different font size which made it inconvenient for analysing as well as for reference. Posology and method of administration was incomplete in 3% package insert in non- government cases whereas in government supply it was 7%. Use of drug in pregnancy and lactation was deficient in 11% and 14% packages inserts of non-government sources and government sources respectively. Instructions for use were lacking in 25% and 29% package inserts of government and non-government sources respectively.Conclusions: The need of the hour is to further refine contents of the circulated package inserts to make them complete, reliable and up to date. This can be a step forward for ethical and effective dissemination of healthcare services in our growing society

Light-harvesting properties of photocatalyst supports—no photon left behind

In this work, we set out to elucidate the light-harvesting properties of various random and ordered photocatalyst supports (PSs) with different macropore sizes. To accomplish this, we propose two studies of increasing relevance, enabled by computed tomography (CT) reconstructions and ray-tracing COMSOL Multiphysics simulations: (a) a 360-degree light release study approximating a PS situated within a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) or cylindrical LED reactor with open ends; and (b) the same system as before but with closed ends. The ordered geometry is of interest, as it can be 3D printed at scale with a tailored morphology and porosity, and it can potentially be refined using machine learning models to optimize its light-harvesting properties. As will be shown, the local volumetric light absorption (LVLA) data suggests that an ordered PS with a more open pore interior and a smaller pore exterior would begin to approach the more isophotonic light-harvesting properties of random PSs