Technique to generate face and palm vein-based fuzzy vault for multi-biometric cryptosystem

Template security of biometric systems is a vital issue and needs critical focus. The importance lies in the fact that unlike passwords, stolen biometric templates cannot be revoked. Hence, the biometric templates cannot be stored in plain format and needs strong protection against any forgery. In this paper, we present a technique to generate face and palm vein-based fuzzy vault for multi-biometric cryptosystem. Here, initially the input images are pre-processed using various processes to make images fit for further processing. In our proposed method, the features are extracted from the processed face and palm vein images by finding out unique common points. The chaff points are added to the already extracted points to obtain the combined feature vector. The secret key points which are generated based on the user key input (by using proposed method) are added to the combined feature vector to have the fuzzy vault. For decoding, the multi-modal biometric template from palm vein and face image is constructed and is combined with the stored fuzzy vault to generate the final key. Finally, the experimentation is conducted using the palm vein and face database available in the CASIA and JAFFE database. The evaluation metrics employed are FMR (False Match Ratio) and GMR (Genuine Match Ratio). From the metric values obtained for the proposed system, we can infer that the system has performed well.</jats:p

Wavelength Allotment for All-to-All Broadcast in WDM Optical Bidirectional ring with 3-Length Extension

All-to-all broadcast communication, distributing messages from each node to every other node, is a dense communication pattern and finds numerous applications in advanced computing and communication networks from the control plane to datacenters. A ring network topology is one of the important regular network topologies due to its simple structure, high speed, easy to extend and tolerant to link and node failures. Few researchers recommended connecting the alternate nodes of the ring with additional fibers in the ring network, to support increased call connection probability, higher tolerable to multiple link and node failures, enormous traffic handling capability and improved survivability. To reduce the complicatedness and cost of the network, it is essential to reduce the wavelength-number required to establish all-to-all broadcast in wavelength-division multiplexed ring network. In this paper, a ring network is extended by directly linking all nodes which are separated by two intermediate nodes with additional fibers and this network is referred as ring with 3-length extension. The wavelength allotment methods are proposed for realizing all-to-all broadcast over a WDM optical bi-directional ring with 3-length extension under multiple unicast routing model using a two-stage heuristic algorithm. The heuristic algorithm is developed to identify non-overlapping connections and an explicit wavelength allotment method based on the output of the heuristic technique is given. The result obtained shows that wavelength-number required atmost to establish all-to-all broadcast in a bi-directional ring with 3-length extension is reduced by a minimum of 57% and a maximum of 66% when compared to bi-directional primary ring. Similarly, the wavelength-number required atmost to establish all-to-all broadcast in a bi-directional ring with 3-length extension is reduced by a minimum of 20% and a maximum of 33% when compared to a bi-directional ring with 2-length extension.</jats:p

All-to-All Broadcast in WDM Linear Array with 3-length Extension

All-to-all broadcast communication, distributing messages from each node to every other node, is a dense communication pattern and finds numerous applications in advanced computing and communication networks from the control plane to datacenters. In this article, a linear array is extended by directly linking all nodes which are separated by two intermediate nodes with additional fibers and this network is referred as linear array with 3-length extension. The wavelength allotment methods are proposed to realize all-to-all broadcast over WDM optical linear array with 3-length extension under multiple unicast routing model and the wavelength number needed atmost to establish all-to-all broadcast is determined. The wavelength number needed atmost to establish all-to-all broadcast in a linear array with 3-length extension is reduced by a minimum of 61% and a maximum of 66% when compared to a basic linear array. Similarly, the wavelength number needed atmost to establish all-to-all broadcast is reduced by a minimum of 24% and a maximum of 33% when compared to linear array with 2-length extension.</jats:p