The architecture of a network level intrusion detection system

This paper presents the preliminary architecture of a network level intrusion detection system. The proposed system will monitor base level information in network packets (source, destination, packet size, and time), learning the normal patterns and announcing anomalies as they occur. The goal of this research is to determine the applicability of current intrusion detection technology to the detection of network level intrusions. In particular, the authors are investigating the possibility of using this technology to detect and react to worm programs

Simulating silicic eruptions at Long Valley, California as a method to understand processes that influence eruption phenomena associated with caldera formation. IGPP progress report, October 1, 1993--August 31, 1994

There are two primary objectives of this project. The first objective consists of developing a complete data set of physical parameters from Long Valley caldera and the Bishop Tuff to constrain the initial and boundary conditions for numerical simulations. The second objective will be the completion of a series of numerical simulations that will provide explicit and testable models constraining the evolution of the caldera eruption that formed the Long Valley caldera and associated pyroclastic deposits (Bishop Tuff). Achieving the proposed objectives will require two steps. First, a comprehensive analysis of the intracaldera Bishop Tuff will be performed using high precision micro-beam analytical techniques on melt inclusions found in quartz phenocrysts. Second, data obtained from the analysis of the intracaldera Bishop Tuff together with data obtained from other studies will be used to constrain the initial and boundary conditions of the numerical simulations. Preliminary simulations based on initial and boundary conditions defined by the caldera structure and volatile concentrations found in the intracaldera Bishop Tuff indicate that erupted pyroclastic material would not have the required momentum to escape the caldera depression

Nutrition Indices in Obese Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Inadequate and Adequate Urea Clearance

♦ ObjectiveTo test whether better nutrition is associated more with adequate urea clearance than with inadequate urea clearance in obese patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD).♦ DesignRetrospective analysis of clearance and nutrition indices in obese CPD patients. Only obese patients were analyzed. Obesity was defined as a ratio of actual weight to desired weight (W/DW) ≥ 1.2. The dose of dialysis was considered adequate at weekly Kt/V urea ≥ 2.0. Small solute clearances and nutrition indices were compared between patients with weekly Kt/V urea &lt; 2.0 and patients with weekly Kt/V urea ≥ 2.0 at the first clearance study.♦ SettingFour university-affiliated and two private dialysis units in Canada and the United States.♦ PatientsA total of 270 CPD patients with W/DW ≥ 1.2 at the first clearance study.♦ ResultsAmong the 270 obese CPD patients, 157 (58.1%) were underdialyzed (weekly Kt/V urea 1.66 ± 0.22) and 113 (41.9%) had adequate dialysis (weekly Kt/V urea 2.51 ± 0.47) at the first clearance study. Creatinine clearance values also differed between the underdialyzed and adequately dialyzed obese groups (55.6 ± 15.2 vs 87.6 ± 29.8 L/1.73 m2weekly, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). The underdialyzed group contained fewer women (39.5% vs 60.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and more patients with anuria (35.0% vs 8.8%, p &lt; 0.001), and had higher serum urea (20.7 ± 6.9 vs 18.2 ± 5.3 mmol/L, p = 0.001) and serum creatinine (974 ± 283 vs 734 ± 275 μmol/L, p &lt; 0.001), marginally lower serum albumin (35.8 ± 5.2 vs 37.2 ± 6.4 g/L, p = 0.082), lower urea nitrogen excretion (5778 ± 2290 vs 7085 ± 2238 mg/24 hr, p &lt; 0.001) and indices derived from urea nitrogen excretion (protein nitrogen appearance and normalized protein nitrogen appearance), and lower creatinine excretion (1034 ± 349 vs 1217 ± 432 mg/24 hr, p &lt; 0.001) and indices derived from creatinine excretion (lean body mass normalized to actual or desired weight) than the adequately dialyzed group.♦ ConclusionNutrition indices derived from urea nitrogen and creatinine excretion are worse in underdialyzed than in adequately dialyzed obese CPD patients. This finding may have clinical importance, despite the mathematical coupling between small solute clearances and excretion rates in cross-sectional studies, because of evidence from other studies that small solute excretion rate in cross-sectional studies is a robust independent predictor of outcome in CPD.</jats:sec

A Prototype Implementation of a Network-Level Intrusion Detection System. Technical Report Number CS91-11

This paper presents the implementation of a prototype network level intrusion detection system. The prototype system monitors base level information in network packets (source, destination, packet size, time, and network protocol), learning the normal patterns and announcing anomalies as they occur. The goal of this research is to determine the applicability of current intrusion detection technology to the detection of network level intrusions. In particular, the authors are investigating the possibility of using this technology to detect and react to worm programs

BK nephropathy in the native kidneys of patients with organ transplants: Clinical spectrum of BK infection

Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a member of the Papoviridae family of viruses, has been recognized for some time as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent times, BK nephropathy (BKN) of the native kidneys has being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants and in patients with other clinical entities associated with immunosuppression. In such patients renal dysfunction is often attributed to other factors including nephrotoxicity of medications used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organs. Renal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of BKN. Quantitation of the BK viral load in blood and urine are surrogate diagnostic methods. The treatment of BKN is based on reduction of the immunosuppressive medications. Several compounds have shown antiviral activity, but have not consistently shown to have beneficial effects in BKN. In addition to BKN, BK viral infection can cause severe urinary bladder cystitis, ureteritis and urinary tract obstruction as well as manifestations in other organ systems including the central nervous system, the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system and the hematopoietic system. BK viral infection has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from BK infection and infection from other members of the Papoviridae family is widening. Prevention and treatment of BK infection and infections from other Papovaviruses are subjects of intense research