Effects of nitrogen rates on grain yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of durum wheat genotypes under different environments

Durum wheat is an important staple food crop in Tunisia and other Mediterranean countries and is grown in various climatic conditions. Production and yield are however severely limited not only by drought events but also by reduced levels of nitrogen fertilisation. A study was carried out at two locations in the sub-humid area of Tunisia: Mateur in 2009–10 and 2010–11 and Beja in 2011–12 and 2012–13 under rainfed conditions. Four durum wheat genotypes (landraces: Bidi, Azizi; improved: Om Rabia, Khiar) were evaluated for nitrogen agronomic efficiency and related agronomic traits under various nitrogen rates: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kgNha−1, with three replications. There was a significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes ×N treatments for grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BY), harvest index (HI), partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (PFPN) and nitrogen agronomic use efficiencies (NAE). GY was the most affected trait by nitrogen applied showing an increase of 94% under high N treatment (250 kgNha−1) compared to control plots without N treatments. A significant linear regression exists between GY (0 N) and GY for the different N rates (r =0.70; P < 0.001). This effect was more pronounced for improved genotypes than landraces for all parameters excepting BY and NAEBY. BY showed +11% increase in landraces than improved genotypes. PFPN showed an average decrease of 65% under high-N fertilisation with 10% prevalence for improved genotypes. Landraces tend to promote vegetative growth while grain filling efficiency was higher for improved genotype

An Intelligent Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things Attack Detection and Identification Using Machine Learning

The usability and scalability of Internet of things (IoT) technology are expanding in such a way that they facilitate human living standards. However, they increase the vulnerabilities and attack vectors over IoT networks as well. Thus, more security challenges could be expected and encountered, and more security services and solutions should be provided. Although many security techniques propose and promise good solutions for that intrusion detection systems IDSs still considered the best. Many works proposed machine learning (ML)-based IDSs for IoT attack detection and classification. Nevertheless, they suffer from two main gaps. First, few of the works utilized or could analyze an up-to-date version of IoT-based attack behaviors. Second, few of the works can be considered as multi-class attack detection and classification. Therefore, this work proposes an intelligent IDS (IIDS) by exploiting the ability of ML algorithms to classify and identify malicious from benign behaviors among IoT network packets. Three ML classifier algorithms are investigated, which are K-Nearest Neighbor, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. The developed models have been trained and tested as binary and multi-class classifiers against 15 types of attacks and benign. This work employs an up-to-date dataset known as IoT23, which covers millions of malicious and benign behaviors of IoT-connected devices. The process of developing the proposed IIDSs goes under different preprocessing phases and methods, such as null value solving, SMOTE method for the imbalanced datasets, data normalization, and feature selections. The results present IIDSs as good binary and multi-class classifiers even for zero-day attacks

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Sulaimani, Iraq: A Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Cases and Outcomes

Background: total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease with bad outcome without appropriate intervention. In which all four pulmonary veins drain incorrectly to the right atrium. Aim of study: To determine the main morphological features and patient outcomes of isolated total anomalous pulmonary vein in pediatric heart diseases in Sulaimani center. Patients and method: A retrospective study including 46 patients aged from 15 days to 18 years has been performed in department of cardiology / Dr. Jamal Ahmad Rashid teaching hospital, Anwar Shekha hospital /HQ hospitals. The data were collected from the recorded files of the patients examined in that unit during the period from 2010 to 2022. Collected data include age, sex, family history, consanguinity, echo finding and outcome of the cases. Stoical analysis was done by SPSS21and P value of &lt; 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: there are (45.7%) supra-cardiac, (45.7%) intra-cardiac and (8.6%) infra-cardiac. Male to female ratio is 1:1. (58.7%) of patients are associated with ASD, and (6.5%) have mixed ASD and VSD. Pulmonary hypertension detects in (30.4%) of cases. Overall, (63.9%) of cases deceased and only (36.1%) are still alive. Median age of diagnosis for alive cases are 6.5 months (21 days to 21 months) and median age at repair are 15.6 months (one month to 10 years). Operation was conducted for (92.3%) of alive cases. Conclusion: supra-cardiac and intra-cardiac are detected equally, infra-cardiac is the least common type and mixed type was not detected. ASD is the most common congenital heart defect associated with TAPVR. .&nbsp;Only&nbsp;a&nbsp;third&nbsp;of&nbsp;cases&nbsp;survive, operation has been performed for most of them

The Plant Regulator Soaking Seeds and its Reflections on Growth and Yield Quality of Wheat

A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out during November 2013 to May 2014. Winter wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivars Abu-Ghureb and Cham6 were used to investigate the effect of soaking seeds in 300ppm of benzyl adenine (BA) or daminozide solutions for 6 hours before sowing vegetative, yield components, leaf chlorophylls and some chemical constituents of seeds. BA treatment led to significant increases in tiller number plant-1, chlorophyll b, P, dry gluten, N and protein contents of seeds. It also led to significant decreases in number of leaves plant-1. In addition, the number of tillers plant-1, shoots dry weight plant-1, P, N and protein contents of seeds were increased by daminozide treatment, but this caused a significant decrease in the plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and flag leaf area. Number of grains plant-1, weight of 1000 grains and grains yield were significantly increased by both treatments. Cultivar variability was noted for some tested parameters. The tall, N, P content and protein content of Abu-Ghureb cultivar were higher significantly than Sham6. The case was opposite with number of leaves plant-1, flag leaf area, shoots dry weight plant-1, spike length and grain number plant-1

LifeCLEF 2016: Multimedia Life Species Identification Challenges

International audienceUsing multimedia identification tools is considered as one of the most promising solutions to help bridge the taxonomic gap and build accurate knowledge of the identity, the geographic distribution and the evolution of living species. Large and structured communities of nature observers (e.g., iSpot, Xeno-canto, Tela Botanica, etc.) as well as big monitoring equipment have actually started to produce outstanding collections of multimedia records. Unfortunately, the performance of the state-of-the-art analysis techniques on such data is still not well understood and is far from reaching real world requirements. The LifeCLEF lab proposes to evaluate these challenges around 3 tasks related to multimedia information retrieval and fine-grained classification problems in 3 domains. Each task is based on large volumes of real-world data and the measured challenges are defined in collaboration with biologists and environmental stakeholders to reflect realistic usage scenarios. For each task, we report the methodology, the data sets as well as the results and the main outcom

Assessment of Chemical and Bacteriological Parameters of Leek in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq

In the current study, leek samples were collected seasonally from October 2021 to July 2022 from three sites; site 1 (Tanjaro aera), site 2 (Kanaswra), and site 3 (Aziz Awa) in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq. Cl- rate recorded the maximum mean values in leek, which was 0.05 mg/kg. The Na+ level recorded the highest mean value, at 393.00 mg/kg. The K+ ratio showed the highest mean value, measuring 3614 mg/kg. SO42- concentration had a mean value of 762.33 mg/kg. PO43- level recorded the maximum mean value at 16.13. Regarding heavy metals in vegetables, the results indicated no contamination in leek, except for Pb, which had a high level in the vegetables. In terms of bacteriology, leek samples exhibited total aerobic bacteria and total coliform counts above the normal range. Based on the biochemical test findings, E. coli and Salmonella species were not detected in leek. Different species were isolated from leek, including Citobacter freundii, Citobacter braakii, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, Enterobacter cloacae complex. There is a notable correlation between total aerobic bacteria and lead (r = 0.60) in leek. Copper shows a negative correlation with total aerobic bacteria (r = -0.59), while iron also exhibits a negative relationship with total aerobic bacteria (r = -0.60). Total coliform demonstrates a positive relationship with manganese (r = 0.64)

Dynamic Control of a Robotic Swarm using a Service-Oriented Architecture

The development, deployment, and control of groups of robots is a tedious process even for experienced roboticists. Particularly in heterogeneous systems a high granularity of control and visibility is difficult to achieve. The lack of standardized interfaces and communication protocols to interconnect robots from different manufacturers makes it very difficult to develop flexible robotic applications. We propose an efficient system suited to support heterogeneous robotic swarms that can be used as a toolkit for fast prototyping of robust distributed applications. This system offers a flexible interface allowing external users to remotely control the swarm over the internet by using standardized communication protocols such as Web Services

Quality Assessment of a Traditional Makeup Foundation Sbdaj in Kurdistan-Iraq

The use of Sbdaj, the ancient and traditional mineral foundation, is a popular practice in Kurdistan Region Iraq. The research work is confined to a comparative analysis of traditional foundations (Sbdaj) and modern foundations (Vichy). The analytical tests were performed for heavy metals and major contents using X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma spectra after sample preparation in two different ways. Also, the UV spectrum and FT-IR spectroscopy of the Sbdaj foundation and Vechi Sunscreen have been taken. The revealed peaks of Infrared absorption of Sbdaj foundation are (3378; 2960; 2854; 1637; 1261; 1092; 1054; 799; 657) cm-1, which allowed identifying the stretching band of (hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, silica group, ester ) respectively, while obtained IR spectra for Vichy foundation  (3392; 2959; 2856; 1639; 1409; 1261; 1044; 843; 673) cm-1 that identify the stretching and bending of (hydroxy, methyl, ester, methyl, silica, ether) respectively, that returns to the ingredients used in these foundations. The Contents of major (SiO2, Al2O3) and trace elements (Pb, W, Nd, I, Sn, Cu, Ni, and Cl) were able to be determined by (XRF). (ICP-OES) used for identifying the presence of )Pb, Sb, Cd, Sr, Se, As, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, and Ti(. The overall mean concentrations of heavy metals in Sbdaj varied between (0.194 to 62235.18 ppm).  0.194 ppm for Cd and 62235.18 ppmfor Pb. The levels found in Sbdaj are more than the suggested safe limit for skin protection. The UV- absorption spectrum shows that Sbdaj contains blocking components that absorb UV radiations. It exhibits the same absorption band (318 nm) as the Vichy Sunblock

Variation of Grain Yield, Grain Protein Content and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Components under Different Nitrogen Rates in Mediterranean Durum Wheat Genotypes

Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth and development. To optimize agricultural environments, N fertilizers represent a critical tool to regulate crop productivity. The improvement of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) represents a promising tool that may enable cereal production to meet future food demand. Wheat reported contrasting behaviors in N utilization showing specific abilities depending on genotype. This study selected two landraces and two improved genotypes from Northern Africa to investigate grain yield (GY), grain protein content (GPC) and NUE. Plants were grown under three levels of N supply: 0, 75, 150 kg N ha−1 and for two consecutive years. Results reported a better NUE (0.40 kg.kg N−1) obtained under 150 kg N ha−1, while N utilization efficiency (NUtE) showed a 13% increase using 75 kg N ha−1 compared with 150 kg N ha−1. Under low nitrogen rate (0 N), crop N supply (CNS) and N uptake efficiency (NUpE) were shown as determinant factors for improved genotypes GY (R2 = 0.72), while NUtE represented the most determinant component for GPC in landraces (R2 = 0.92). Multivariate regression models explained the dependence in GPC on NUE, NUpE, and NUtE. In conclusion, our results recognize GPC and NUtE as suitable selection traits to identify durum wheat with higher NUE