Animal welfare in a global perspective

Global survey of animal-welfare regulations, practices and perceptions, with case studies on poultry meat from Brazil and Thailand, eggs from India and the USA, welfare regulations of farmed fish and welfare aspects related to (perceived) overpopulation of wildlif

Verbeteren welzijnsprestaties in de biologische veehouderij: korte termijn prioriteiten en aanzet tot lange termijn visie = Improving welfare performance in organic farming: short term priorities and longe term vision

This report describes five projects to improve animal welfare in organic farming: breeding polled (hornless) cattle, providing roughage to poultry, reducing mortality of piglets and lambs, and providing facilities for climbing and grooming in goats. In addition the development of a longer term vision on the future of organic farming is initiated, and its short-term implications are identified

Het ideale modderbad voor varkens

Zoelen, oftewel modderbaden, is belangrijk is voor het welzijn van varkens. Dit geldt zeker wanneer het erg warm is. Die conclusie trekt Wageningen UR Livestock Research in een overzichtsrapport over het zoelgedrag van varkens. Uit alle literatuur zijn ook de criteria voor een ideale modderpoel gefilterd

Zoelen, douchen, wroeten of niet castreren

Varkens nemen graag een modderbad om hun lichaam te koelen, maar in de gangbare varkenshouderij is zoiets moeilijk inpasbaar. In welke mate zoelen belangrijk is voor varkens werd uitgezocht door Wageningen UR Livestock Research. Volgens Deense adviseurs is het belangrijk om varkens een koelmogelijkheid te bieden om hiermee hokbevuiling tegen te gaan. De Denen adviseren hun varkenshouders daarom een sprinklerinstallatie te installeren in de stal. In Nederland wordt dit nog nauwelijks toegepast

Boer staat aan het roer bij tegengaan bijterij

Ondanks routinematig staartcouperen is bijterij een veelvoorkomende vorm van ongewenst gedrag die tot problemen leidt in de varkenshouderij. De economische en maatschappelijke gevolgen van bijterij zullen de komende tijd waarschijnlijk alleen maar toenemen. Varkenshouders en bedrijfsadviseurs kunnen daar nu al op inspelen in een sectorbrede aanpak die gericht is op het terugdringen van bijterij en het geleidelijk aan ‘toegroeien’ naar intacte oorpunten en krulstaarten. Daarbij staat de boer aan het roer

Helft varkensbedrijven kampt met staartbijten

Ongeveer de helft van alle gangbare en biologische varkenshouders hebben op hun bedrijf te maken met staartbijten bij gespeende biggen of vleesvarkens. Op fokbedrijven ligt dit percentage zelfs nog iets hoger. Dit blijkt uit de resultaten van een telefonische enquête van het LEI en Wageningen UR Livestock Research, in opdracht van het ministerie van LNV. De enquête maakt onderdeel uit van het onderzoekstraject met als doel om verantwoord om te gaan met varkens die gecoupeerde dan wel lange(re) staarten hebbe

Characteristics of biter and victim piglets apparent before a tail biting outbreak

Little is known about the characteristics of biters and victims before the appearance of a tail-biting outbreak in groups of pigs. This study aimed to characterise biters and victims (according to gender and performance) and to quantify their behavioural development during the 6 days preceding the tail-biting outbreak. The hypotheses tested were: (a) biters are more often female, are the lighter pigs in the group, are more restless and perform more aggressive behaviour; and (b) victims are more often male, heavier and less active. Using video recordings we carried out a detailed study of 14 pens with a tail-biting outbreak among the weaned piglets. All piglets were individually marked and we observed the behaviour of biters, victims and control piglets (piglet types). In every pen, each piglet type was observed every other day from 6 days before (D-6) to the day of the first visible tail damage (i.e. day of tail biting outbreak; D0). While the number of male biters (6 of the 14 biters) and male victims (11 of the 14 victims) was not significantly different (P = 0.13), this numerical contrast was considerable. The start weight of victims was significantly (P = 0.03) higher (8.6 kg) than those of biters (7.5 kg) and control piglets (8.0 kg). Biters tended (P = 0.08) to spend longer sitting/kneeling (3.1 min/h) than controls (1.7 min/h), but no differences were seen in the time spent lying or standing. Victims tended (P = 0.07) to change posture more often (restlessness) than controls and chased penmates more (P = 0.04) than biters. Victims also performed more (P = 0.04) aggressive behaviour than biters and controls. In contrast, biters tended (P = 0.08) to be chased by penmates more often and tended (P = 0.06) to receive more aggressive behaviour than controls. Furthermore, biters spent longer manipulating the enrichment device (P = 0.01) and the posterior/tail (P = 0.02) of their penmates than controls and tended (P = 0.06) to perform more tail bites than victims. Victims received more posterior/tail manipulation (P = 0.02) and tail bites (P = 0.04) than controls. It was also noticed that, independent of piglet type, restlessness (P = 0.03) increased and the frequency of performed tail bites tended (P = 0.08) to increase in the 6 days preceding a tail-biting outbreak. These findings may contribute to the early identification of biters or victims and support the development of strategies to minimise the occurrence of tail bitin

Individual piglets' contribution to the development of tail biting

Conflicting hypotheses exist about the contribution of individual pigs to the development of a tail-biting outbreak, but there is limited quantitative information to support or dismiss them. This study aims to quantify the development of tail-biting behaviour at pen and individual piglet level, before and after the first visible tail damage. Video recordings of 14 pens with tail-biting outbreaks and individually marked weaned piglets were used to observe tail-biting incidents (TBIs; piglet biting a penmate’s tail). When visible tail damage was first observed in a pen (i.e. day of tail biting outbreak; D0), the video recordings of the previous 6 (till D-6) and the following 6 days (till D6) were analysed every other day for TBIs and the identities of the biter and bitten piglet were recorded. The average TBIs per individual piglet (within each pen) per observation day were analysed to quantify the development of tail-biting behaviour and to identify pronounced biters and/or bitten piglets. The (absence of) coherence for TBIs in a pen was used to test whether biters preferred a specific penmate. There was an exponential increase in the intensity (linear on log scale) of the TBIs from an average of 0.7 bites/h at D-6 to 2.3 bites/h at D6. An additional negative quadratic component suggests that a plateau for tail-biting behaviour was reached by the end of the observation period. Before any visible tail damage was observed (i.e. before D0), 82% of the piglets performed and 96% of them received tail bites. After D0, the figures were 99% and 100%, respectively. One or a few pronounced biters could be identified in almost all pens. These biters already showed more tail biting at D-6 than their penmates. Furthermore, these biters showed a greater increase in tail-biting behaviour during the observation period than the average scores of their penmates. In contrast, there was no apparent increase in the receipt of bites among the piglets that had already been bitten more than their penmates at D-6. Finally, there was no significant coherence between biters and bitten piglets, indicating that biters showed no preference for biting particular penmates, even when some of them had a damaged tail. These results show that, by using observations of TBIs, possible biters or bitten piglets can already be identified 6 days before tail damage is first apparent in a pe

Wat te doen bij bijterij?

Staartbijten, oorbijten en flankbijten zijn vormen van abnormaal gedrag in de varkenshouderij. Zodra bijterij optreedt is een snelle en effectieve behandeling belangrijk om escalatie van de problemen te voorkomen en negatieve effecten op productie en dierenwelzijn te minimaliseren. Dit is het 6e artikel uit een reeks artikelen over de oorzaken, effecten en preventie en behandeling van staartbijten onder varkens en hoe varkenshouders hier tegenaan kijken. Dit is onderdeel van het project ‘Verantwoord omgaan met varkensstaarten’ gefinancierd door het ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit