Rural-Urban Fringe Students Towards Learning English using Nonagonal Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

Motivation and aptitude are essential components of teaching-learning process. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that affect the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of Rural-Urban Fringe (R-U Fringe) students of Chennai, India towards learning English. This also focuses to find which of those factors influence both the motivation in large. A study has been conducted among 160 learners of Chennai through a questionnaire. The data was analyzed through Nonagonal fuzzy number modeling. And it is found the factors that influence the intrinsic motivation of the R-U Fringe learners from high to low are challenge, fantasy, control, curiosity, cooperation, recognition and competition.</jats:p

Everyday experience of front-line professionals and in/formal carers: long term care of older people in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan

To address the risks to families of the availability of care for their older family members, this paper explores the impact of different care systems on the way that relevant care actors contribute to the long-term care of older people. It is based on an empirical study of the care needs assessment and care provision in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan. The participants in the study include 143 care actors at national, regional and local levels across the countries. It found that the objective of providing care needs is similar in each of the countries studied. However, the everyday life of professionals and in/formal carers differs based on the care culture and care policy in each country. Overall, care professionals and formal carers experience satisfaction in their caring role when sufficient time is available for them to work with individuals. Face-to-face contact with older people is important to care professionals if adequate needs assessment could be performed. Helping informal carers extend their ability to carry out their role may improve their well-being as carers and reduce the demand for formal care service