Percepção e desempenho acadêmico do test-Taker no uso do método de pontuação de teste de eliminação de número numérico com ponderação de confiança (CWNRET) no teste de múltipla escolha

The most common assessment tool in Higher Education and in most licensure examinations in the Philippines is the multiple-choice (MC) test. Thus, it is appropriate to device a tool on how teachers can help their students to analyze the items in an MC test better. The aim of this study is to determine the perception and test scores of the students in using Confidence-Weighted Number Right Elimination Testing (CWNRET) compared to Number Right (NR) and Number Right Elimination Testing (NRET) scoring method in answering an MC test. The researcher developed the Test-taker's Perception Inventory for the purpose of this study. Based on the results, this study showed that, generally, the perception of the students who used CWNRET is not significantly different from the perception of the students in using NRET and NR scoring methods. However, there is a significant increase in the students’ perception on their need to give extra effort when CWNRET scoring method is used in answering an MC test compared to NR scoring method. Although, perceived anxiety/ trickiness is also significantly higher when CWNRET scoring method was used compared to NR scoring method. This study also showed that even if the MC tests were completed using the convention scoring method, students who have undergone CWNRET have generally higher mean score compared to students who were trained to answer other scoring methods.La herramienta de evaluación más común en Educación Superior y en la mayoría de los exámenes de licenciatura en Filipinas es el examen de opción múltiple (MC). Por lo tanto, es apropiado instalar una herramienta sobre cómo los maestros pueden ayudar a sus estudiantes a analizar mejor los elementos en una prueba de MC. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la percepción y los puntajes de las pruebas de los estudiantes al utilizar el método de puntuación de Prueba de eliminación correcta de números ponderados por confianza (CWNRET) en comparación con el método de puntuación de la Prueba de eliminación correcta de números (NRET) y en función de la respuesta correcta. El investigador desarrolló el Inventario de Percepción del examinador para los fines de este estudio. Basado en los resultados, este estudio mostró que, en general, la percepción de los estudiantes que usaron CWNRET no es significativamente diferente de la percepción de los estudiantes en el uso de los métodos de puntuación NRET y NR. Sin embargo, hay un aumento significativo en la percepción de los estudiantes sobre su necesidad de esforzarse más cuando se utiliza el método de puntuación CWNRET para responder a una prueba de MC en comparación con el método de puntuación NR. Aunque, la percepción de ansiedad / dificultad también es significativamente mayor cuando se utilizó el método de puntuación CWNRET en comparación con el método de puntuación NR. Este estudio también demostró que incluso si las pruebas de MC se completaron con el método de calificación de la convención, los estudiantes que se han sometido a CWNRET tienen una puntuación media generalmente más alta en comparación con los estudiantes que fueron capacitados para responder a otros métodos de calificación.A ferramenta de avaliação mais comum no ensino superior e na maioria dos exames de licenciamento nas Filipinas é o teste de múltipla escolha (MC). Assim, é apropriado criar uma ferramenta sobre como os professores podem ajudar seus alunos a analisar melhor os itens em um teste de MC. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar as pontuações de percepção e teste dos alunos no uso de Teste de Eliminação Certa de Número Ponderado por Confiança (CWNRET) em comparação com o método de pontuação Nright (NR) e Teste de Eliminação Numérica à Direita (NRET) ao responder a um teste de MC. O pesquisador desenvolveu o Perception Inventory do Test-taker para o propósito deste estudo. Com base nos resultados, este estudo mostrou que, em geral, a percepção dos alunos que utilizaram o CWNRET não é significativamente diferente da percepção dos alunos em utilizar os métodos de pontuação NRET e NR. No entanto, há um aumento significativo na percepção dos alunos sobre sua necessidade de dar um esforço extra quando o método de pontuação CWNRET é usado para responder a um teste de MC em comparação com o método de pontuação NR. Embora a ansiedade percebida / trapaça também seja significativamente maior quando o método de pontuação CWNRET foi usado em comparação com o método de pontuação NR. Este estudo também mostrou que, mesmo se os testes de MC foram concluídos usando o método de pontuação de convenção, os alunos que foram submetidos a CWNRET têm geralmente pontuação média maior em comparação com os alunos que foram treinados para responder a outros métodos de pontuaçã

Majorana neutrino transition magnetic moments in left-right symmetric models

Transition magnetic moments of Majorana neutrinos are discussed in the frame of the most natural version of the LR model (with left- and right-handed triplets and a bidoublet in the Higgs sector). We show that their largest values could be at most $6\cdot 10^{-13} \mu_B$ from diagrams with $W_L$ in the loop. This could happen for specific models where (i) neutrino-charged lepton mixing is maximal and (ii) $\kappa_1 \simeq \kappa_2$ (VEVs for neutral Higgs fields in the bidoublet $\phi$ are equal). Contributions from diagrams with charged Higgses in the loop are smaller than those in the SM with right-handed neutrinos.Comment: 4 pages. Presented at the ICHEP Conference, Vancouver, 1998. To appear in Proceeding

Efficacy and safety of a booster dose of influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients, TRANSGRIPE 1-2: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Despite administration of annual influenza vaccination, influenza-associated complications in transplant recipients continue to be an important cause of hospitalization and death. Although influenza vaccination has been proven to be the most effective measure to reduce influenza infection after transplantation, transplant recipients are still vulnerable to influenza infections, with lower serological responses to vaccination compared to the general population. In order to assess the efficacy and safety of an alternative immunization scheme for solid organ transplant recipients, the TRANSGRIPE1-2 Study Group aimed to test a booster dose administration 5 weeks after the standard vaccination. The primary objective of this trial was to compare short-term and long-term neutralizing antibody immunogenicity of a booster dose of influenza vaccination to the standard single-dose immunization scheme. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of the efficacy and/or safety, cellular immune response, incidence of influenza infection, graft rejection, retransplant and mortality rates. METHODS/DESIGN: This phase III, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial was conducted between October 2012 and December 2013 in 12 Spanish public referral hospitals. Solid organ transplant recipients (liver, kidney, heart or lung), older than 16 years of age more than 30 days after transplantation were eligible to participate. Patients (N = 514) were stratified 1:1 by center, type of organ and time after transplantation and who either received the standard single dose (n = 257) or were treated according to a novel influenza vaccination schedule comprising the administration of a booster dose 5 weeks after standard vaccination (n = 254). Seroconversion rates were measured as a determinant of protection against influenza (main outcome). Efficacy and safety outcomes were followed until 1 year after influenza vaccination with assessment of short-term (0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks) and long-term (12 months) results. Intention-to-treat, per-protocol and safety analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION: This trial will increase knowledge about the safety and efficacy of a booster dose of influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. At the time the manuscript was submitted for publication, trial recruitment was closed with a total of 499 participants included during a 2-month period (within the seasonal influenza vaccination campaign). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01761435 (registered 13 December 2012). EudraCT Identifier: 2011-003243-21 (registered 4 July 2011)

Perspectivas de la empresa y la economía mexicana frente a la reestructuración productiva

1 archivo PDF (404 páginas)Este texto se presenta una reflexión de investigadores de la UAM, así como de otras Instituciones de Educación Superior respecto al marco en el que se han desenvuelto las empresas mexicanas en los últimos años, así como del desarrollo en algunos de sus sistemas organizacionales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Mexico Economic policy 1970-1994

Herbicidas orgánicos alternativa al glifosato para el control de maleza en presiembra en el norte de Tamaulipas

Introducción. El manejo agronómico del cultivo desde siembra hasta cosecha es mecanizado. Uno de los componentes más importantes es el control de malezas (Montes et al., 2013). El manejo químico de las malezas se basa en un grupo de herbicidas sintéticos de preemergencia y postemergencia para controlar especies de hoja ancha de importancia agronómica (Rosales et al., 2011). Objetivo. Evaluar dos herbicidas orgánicos como alterativa al uso del glifosato. Métodos. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los productos utilizados fueron: glifosato (907 g i.a/ha) y dos herbicidas orgánicos (2.1 L/ha), en 230 L/ha de agua, como coadyuvante se usó Bionex. Resultados y discusión. Antes de la aplicación de los tratamientos las especies de malezas fueron: Solanum elaeagnifolim L. (13.0±9.9/ m 2 ), Amaranthus palmeri L. (13.0±7.5/ m 2 ) y Panicum. fasciculatum, Panicum. rectus (27.2±22.8/m 2 ). En menor proporción estuvieron Euphorbia serpens (2.5±1.9/m 2 )  y Partenium hysterophorus (1.7±1.4/m 2 ). En términos estadísticos, el factor que más contribuyó a explicar los resultados fue el tipo de herbicida (82%) de la varianza acumulada (P<0.001). El tratamiento glifosato fue el más efectivo, después de 21 días de la aplicación, para control de Amaranthus palmeri (90.3%) y Euphorbia serpens (72.9%). Para el control de S. elaeagnifolim (93.1 y 87.5%) y zacates (88.3 y 69.0%). Los herbicidas orgánicos a los 21 días después de la aplicación tuvieron estadísticamente la misma respuesta al testigo sin control. Conclusión. Ningún tratamiento con herbicidas orgánicos superó al testigo comercial (glifosato)

Condiciones de vida en enfermeras y médicos durante el covid-19, Hospital General Loreto, Zacatecas

Introducción: Las condiciones de vida de una sociedad están plasmadas sus necesidades auténticas de grupos y/o individuos, éstas se satisfacen mediante la utilización de recursos a su alcance, dependen de  capacidades y habilidades de cada individuo.La pandemia por COVID-19 mostró la necesidad e importancia de disponer de  enfermeras y médicos quienes se encontraron en primera línea para hacerle frente a esta pandemia, afectando sus condiciones de vida personal y laboral. Objetivo: Establecer las condiciones de vida de enfermeras y médicos Hospital General Loreto, Zacatecas, bajo el contexto de la COVID-19. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico en enfermeras y médicos, se conformó de 91 voluntarios, muestreo no probabilístico accidental, 78 enfermeras y 13 médicos distribuidos en los cinco turnos del hospital. Se aplicó un cuestionario de elaboración propia referente a cada una de las variables en cuestión, sociodemográficos, condiciones de vida, condiciones laborales y redes de apoyo, constó de 57 ítems. Resultados: sociodemográficos, predominó el género femenino, siendo 87.0%  personal de enfermería, médicos 50.0%, así mismo el 62.5% de los médicos, indicaron contar con otro trabajo en tanto que 22.2% en enfermería. El 87.0% de enfermería tuvieron mayor cansancio, 70.1% Enfermeras (os) insatisfechos por su sueldo, 12 horas laboradas enfermería 63.6%, redes de apoyo enfermería fue de 62.3%. Conclusiones: El  estudio evidenció en todo que las condiciones de vida en las enfermeras casadas, madres de familia y con más horas laboradas, fueron mayormente afectadas en comparación a los médicos, durante la pandemia. &nbsp

Novel Methods for Analysing Bacterial Tracks Reveal Persistence in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Tracking bacteria using video microscopy is a powerful experimental approach to probe their motile behaviour. The trajectories obtained contain much information relating to the complex patterns of bacterial motility. However, methods for the quantitative analysis of such data are limited. Most swimming bacteria move in approximately straight lines, interspersed with random reorientation phases. It is therefore necessary to segment observed tracks into swimming and reorientation phases to extract useful statistics. We present novel robust analysis tools to discern these two phases in tracks. Our methods comprise a simple and effective protocol for removing spurious tracks from tracking datasets, followed by analysis based on a two-state hidden Markov model, taking advantage of the availability of mutant strains that exhibit swimming-only or reorientating-only motion to generate an empirical prior distribution. Using simulated tracks with varying levels of added noise, we validate our methods and compare them with an existing heuristic method. To our knowledge this is the first example of a systematic assessment of analysis methods in this field. The new methods are substantially more robust to noise and introduce less systematic bias than the heuristic method. We apply our methods to tracks obtained from the bacterial species Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrate that R. sphaeroides exhibits persistence over the course of a tumbling event, which is a novel result with important implications in the study of this and similar species

Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against C. difficile toxins A and B, respectively. METHODS We conducted two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, MODIFY I and MODIFY II, involving 2655 adults receiving oral standard-of-care antibiotics for primary or recurrent C. difficile infection. Participants received an infusion of bezlotoxumab (10 mg per kilogram of body weight), actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab (10 mg per kilogram each), or placebo; actoxumab alone (10 mg per kilogram) was given in MODIFY I but discontinued after a planned interim analysis. The primary end point was recurrent infection (new episode after initial clinical cure) within 12 weeks after infusion in the modified intention-to-treat population. RESULTS In both trials, the rate of recurrent C. difficile infection was significantly lower with bezlotoxumab alone than with placebo (MODIFY I: 17% [67 of 386] vs. 28% [109 of 395]; adjusted difference, −10.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], −15.9 to −4.3; P<0.001; MODIFY II: 16% [62 of 395] vs. 26% [97 of 378]; adjusted difference, −9.9 percentage points; 95% CI, −15.5 to −4.3; P<0.001) and was significantly lower with actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab than with placebo (MODIFY I: 16% [61 of 383] vs. 28% [109 of 395]; adjusted difference, −11.6 percentage points; 95% CI, −17.4 to −5.9; P<0.001; MODIFY II: 15% [58 of 390] vs. 26% [97 of 378]; adjusted difference, −10.7 percentage points; 95% CI, −16.4 to −5.1; P<0.001). In prespecified subgroup analyses (combined data set), rates of recurrent infection were lower in both groups that received bezlotoxumab than in the placebo group in subpopulations at high risk for recurrent infection or for an adverse outcome. The rates of initial clinical cure were 80% with bezlotoxumab alone, 73% with actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab, and 80% with placebo; the rates of sustained cure (initial clinical cure without recurrent infection in 12 weeks) were 64%, 58%, and 54%, respectively. The rates of adverse events were similar among these groups; the most common events were diarrhea and nausea. CONCLUSIONS Among participants receiving antibiotic treatment for primary or recurrent C. difficile infection, bezlotoxumab was associated with a substantially lower rate of recurrent infection than placebo and had a safety profile similar to that of placebo. The addition of actoxumab did not improve efficacy. (Funded by Merck; MODIFY I and MODIFY II ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01241552 and NCT01513239.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM THE HUAUTLA SIERRA BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN MORELOS (MÉXICO)

Twenty-two extracts from nine Mexicanmedicinal plants of eight different familiesused for people neighbor to Huautla SierraBiosphere Reserve (REBIOSH) in differentinfectious diseases were assayed in vitro todetermine their antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Proteus mirabilis;Salmonella typhi and the yeast Candidaalbicans. Most plants showed antibacterialactivity, while two plants showed activityagainst range 0.25 a 4 mg/mL almost onemicroorganism used. The extracts showedminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)against S. aureus and S. faecalis, representsmicroorganisms Gram-positive were hexanic and acetonic extracts of Bursera copallifera and hexanic extract of B. grandifolia.The ethanol extract of Lippia graveolensshowed a MIC value of 1 mg/mL againstyeast Candida albicans.Se determinó la actividad antimicrobianade veintidós extractos orgánicos de nueveespecies vegetales medicinales de ochodiferentes familias, que son comúnmenteempleadas por los habitantes de las comunidades vecinas a la reserva de la biosferaSierra de Huautla (REBIOSH), Morelos,para tratar diferentes padecimientos infecciosos. Los microorganismos empleadosfueron: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Proteusmirabilis; Salmonella typhi y la levaduraCandida albicans. La mayoría de los extractos de las plantas probadas inhibieronel crecimiento microbiano en un rango de0.25 a 4 mg/mL de al menos uno de losmicroorganismos utilizados. Los extractosque mostraron las menores concentracionesmínimas inhibitorias (CMI) frente a losmicroorganismos S. aureus y S. faecalis,representativos de Gram-positivos fueron el extracto hexánico y acetónico de Burseracopallifera y el hexánico de B. grandifolia.El extracto etanólico de Lippia graveolenslogró inhibir a C. albicans con una CMIde 1 mg/mL