Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Pediatric Respiratory Failure

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support children with acute respiratory failure has steadily increased over the past several decades, with major advancements having been made in the care of these children. There are, however, many controversies regarding indications for initiating ECMO in this setting and the appropriate management strategies thereafter. Broad indications for ECMO include hypoxia, hypercarbia, and severe air leak syndrome, with hypoxia being the most common. There are many disease-specific considerations when evaluating children for ECMO, but there are currently very few, if any, absolute contraindications. Venovenous rather than veno-arterial ECMO cannulation is the preferred configuration for ECMO support of acute respiratory failure due to its superior side-effect profile. The approach to lung management on ECMO is variable and should be individualized to the patient, with the main goal of reducing the risk of VILI. ECMO is a relatively rare intervention, and there are likely a minimum number of cases per year at a given center to maintain competency. Patients who have prolonged ECMO runs (i.e., greater than 21 days) are less likely to survive, though no absolute duration of ECMO that would mandate withdrawal of ECMO support can be currently recommended

Sowing Dates: A Major Factor on the Incidence of Major Insect Pests and Yield of Mungbean

An experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Center, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during kharif-I to find out the insect pests attacking mungbean crop sowing at different dates to determine the optimum date(s) of sowing. It is seen that the incidence and population fluctuation of various insect pests was very much dependent on the prevailed climatic conditions of the cropping season. The early (February 14 to March 06) and late sown (mid April to onward) crops received higher pest infestation than mid sown (March 13 to April 10) crops. The highest yield (1548 kg/ha) was obtained from March 27 sowing crop. The second highest yield (1279 kg/ha) was obtained from March 13 sowing which was statistically identical to March 20, April 03 and April 10 sowings crop. Again, the delayed sowings after mid April to onward provide yield of 717 kg/ha to 178 kg/ha which were very poor. Hence, for ensuring higher yield and less insect pest's infestation, mungbean should be sown within the period of March 13 to April 10 and the best date of sowing should be March 27. Key words: Sowing dates; pest infestation; yield of mungbean. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4432 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&amp;2), 127-133, June 2009</jats:p

Intercropping of banana with potato and vegetables

An intercrop-based experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during September 2012 to October 2014 at farmer’s field of MLT site, Shibganj, Bogra to find out the performance of banana intercropped with potato and vegetables. There were three intercrop-based treatments i.e. Banana + Potato, Banana + Radish + Potato and Banana + Cauliflower + Potato were tested along with Sole Banana. The results revealed that all the intercrops produced higher banana equivalent yield over the sole banana in both the years. However, among the intercrop combinations, Banana + Cauliflower + Potato provided the highest equivalent yield (104.04 tha-1 in 2012-13 and 122.50 tha-1 in 2013-14) followed by Banana + Radish + potato. Sole banana produced the lowest equivalent yield in both the cropping seasons. Higher gross margin was also obtained from the intercrop combinations. Among the intercrops, Banana + cauliflower + Potato provided higher gross margin (Tk.656898 ha-1) but due to higher cost, this treatment failed to show higher BCR than Banana + Radish + Potato.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 749-755, December 2017</jats:p

Nodulation, yield and quality of soybean as influenced by integrated nutrient management

A field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2007 to March 2008 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on nodulation and sustainable soybean production. There were significant differences among the different treatment combinations in terms of yield and yield contributing characters. Integrated nutrient management with application of 50% of the recommended doses of urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum and biofertilizer (Bradyrhizobium) at the rate of 1 kg ha-1 significantly increased most of the parameters, such as the highest plant height, number of nodule per plant, nodule dry weight per plant, pods per plant, grains per pod, grain yield, oil and protein contents. Coinoculation of Bradyrhizobium seemed to help reduce the NPKS requirement in soybean cultivation. Overall results indicate that the application of integrated nutrient management of biofertilizer (Bradyrhizobium) with ½ NPKS of the recommended dose would produce the best quality of soybean with higher nodulation and yield. Keywords: Nodulation; Integrated nutrient management; Inoculation DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4723 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 229-234, 2009</jats:p

A Survey of Livestock and Poultry along with Mortality Trends of Goat at Kaunia Upzilla, Rangpur, Bangladesh

This investigational survey was carried out to explore the livestock along with mortality of goat at eight different villages of Kaunia upzilla, Rangpur, Bangladesh from 10th March to 10th July 2013. A pre-structured questionnaire data were collected based on livestock, breed, age, sex, housing pattern, grazing, vaccination and deworming history, diseases, treatment, causes of death with mortality. A total of 808 species of livestock and poultry were recorded through survey where 38% were goat and 42.5% were poultry. Only 6.5% livestock were vaccinated and 7% were dewormed. Statistically significant difference in vaccination and deworming was reputed with different breeds (p ?0.05) whether no significant variation was observed with sex and grazing (p&gt;0.05). About 42.24% goat kids were mortal due to coldness, pneumonia along with diarrhea (37.5%), coccidiosis (37.21%) and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) (14.86%). PPR was the major focal cause of mortality in adult male (33.11%), female (28.38%) and growing goat (23.65%) which was followed by diarrhea, coccidiosis, pneumonia, urogenital infection, dystocia and poisoning. The study has assessed probable mortality, diseases and hazards of goat rearing which should be subsided and clinically managing as well. However, extensive work with preventive intervention (regular deworming, vaccination) and improvement of husbandry practices are suggested for the expansion of goat rearing in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21278 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 155-160 </jats:p

Nomophobia among university students: prevalence, correlates, and the mediating role of smartphone use between Facebook addiction and nomophobia

Nomophobia (‘no mobile phone phobia’) has been growing issue worldwide in recent years and has been associated with a number of psychological and behavioral health-related problems. However, few studies have examined nomophobia in Bangladesh. Therefore, the severity and correlates of nomophobia, and the mediating role of smartphone use between Facebook addiction and nomophobia was investigated. A cross-sectional study utilizing 585 university students was conducted employing a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a survey in March 2022. The survey comprised questions related to socio-demographics, behavioral health, academic performance, nomophobia, smartphone addiction, Facebook addiction, insomnia, and depression. The mean score of nomophobia was 88.55 out of 140 (±21.71). The prevalence was 9.4% for mild nomophobia, 56.1% for moderate nomophobia, and 34.5% for severe nomophobia. First-year students had higher levels of nomophobia than other years. Significant predictors for nomophobia included daily duration of smartphone time, psychoactive substance use, and being in a relationship. Nomophobia was significantly associated with smartphone addiction, Facebook addiction, insomnia, and depression. Moreover, smartphone addiction significantly mediated the relationship between Facebook addiction and nomophobia. Strategies that help reduce daily smartphone time, and reduce psychoactive substance use might help reduce nomophobia prevalence among university students

Experience of management of nasal foreign bodies in Out patient department of a Tertiary Hospital

Objectives: To evaluate 113 cases of nasal foreign body removal with regard to type of foreign body, location, complications, techniques for removal, age , genderand to present the results of theevaluation.Methods: Between April 2009 to May 2011, a total of 113 nasal foreign bodies were attended inOutpatient Department ofENT, Head and Neck Surgery in Sir Salimullah Medical College, MitfordHospital,Dhaka. A retrospective reviewwas undertaken to evaluate the parameters related to the nasal foreign body and their removal and the data wereanalyzed.Results:113 cases of nasal foreign bodies were attended in Outpatient department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery in Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. Of these 113 cases, 101cases were removed in outpatient department and 12 cases were admitted and were removed under general anaesthesia. We found higher incidence in patients between ages 2 and 5 years. The distribution of nasal foreign body was 44.25% in male and 55.75% in female.Conclusion:Nasal foreign bodies are encountered daily in our routine clinical practice in the pediatric age group. General anaesthesia is required in uncooperative agitated patients or impacted foreign body to avoid complications.Button batteries and penetrating foreign body must be treated immediately.Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2015; 21(2): 102-109</jats:p

Molecular and Physio-Biochemical Characterization of Cotton Species for Assessing Drought Stress Tolerance

Drought stress significantly limits cotton growth and production due to the necessity of water at every stage of crop growth. Hence, it is essential to identify tolerant genetic resources and understand the mechanisms of drought tolerance in economically and socially important plants such as cotton. In this study, molecular and physio-biochemical investigations were conducted by analyzing different parameters by following standard protocols in three different cotton species, namely TM-1 (Gossypium hirsutum), Zhongmian-16 (Gossypium arboreum), and Pima4-S (Gossypium barbadense). Drought stress significantly decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and relative water content. TM-1 resulted in more tolerance than the other two species. The accumulation of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide radicals (O2&bull;&minus;) increased significantly in TM-1. In addition, TM-1 maintained the integrity of the chloroplast structure under drought conditions. The relative expression level of drought-responsive genes including coding for transcription factors and other regulatory proteins or enzymes controlling genes (ERF, ERFB, DREB, WRKY6, ZFP1, FeSOD, CuZnSOD, MAPKKK17, P5CR, and PRP5) were higher in TM-1 under drought, conferring a more tolerant status than in Zhongmian-16 and Pima4-S. The findings of this research could be utilized for predicting a tolerant cotton genotype as well as evaluating prospective cotton species in the variety development program

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Biological Process and Key Pathway in Three Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Species Under Drought Stress

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that seriously affects cotton growth, development, and production worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism, key pathway, and responsible genes for drought tolerance incotton have not been stated clearly. In this research, high-throughput next generation sequencing technique was utilized to investigate gene expression profiles of three cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium barbadense L.) under drought stress. A total of 6968 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, where 2053, 742, and 4173 genes were tested as statistically significant; 648, 320, and 1998 genes were up-regulated, and 1405, 422, and 2175 were down-regulated in TM-1, Zhongmian-16, and Pima4-S, respectively. Total DEGs were annotated and classified into functional groups under gene ontology analysis. The biological process was present only in tolerant species(TM-1), indicating drought tolerance condition. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes showed the involvement of plant hormone signal transduction and metabolic pathways enrichment under drought stress. Several transcription factors associated with ethylene-responsive genes (ICE1, MYB44, FAMA, etc.) were identified as playing key roles in acclimatizing to drought stress. Drought also caused significant changes in the expression of certain functional genes linked to abscisic acid (ABA) responses (NCED, PYL, PP2C, and SRK2E), reactive oxygen species (ROS) related in small heat shock protein and 18.1 kDa I heat shock protein, YLS3, and ODORANT1 genes. These results will provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of drought stress adaptation in cotton.</jats:p

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Biological Process and Key Pathway in Three Cotton (<i>Gossypium</i> spp.) Species Under Drought Stress

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that seriously affects cotton growth, development, and production worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism, key pathway, and responsible genes for drought tolerance incotton have not been stated clearly. In this research, high-throughput next generation sequencing technique was utilized to investigate gene expression profiles of three cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium barbadense L.) under drought stress. A total of 6968 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, where 2053, 742, and 4173 genes were tested as statistically significant; 648, 320, and 1998 genes were up-regulated, and 1405, 422, and 2175 were down-regulated in TM-1, Zhongmian-16, and Pima4-S, respectively. Total DEGs were annotated and classified into functional groups under gene ontology analysis. The biological process was present only in tolerant species(TM-1), indicating drought tolerance condition. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes showed the involvement of plant hormone signal transduction and metabolic pathways enrichment under drought stress. Several transcription factors associated with ethylene-responsive genes (ICE1, MYB44, FAMA, etc.) were identified as playing key roles in acclimatizing to drought stress. Drought also caused significant changes in the expression of certain functional genes linked to abscisic acid (ABA) responses (NCED, PYL, PP2C, and SRK2E), reactive oxygen species (ROS) related in small heat shock protein and 18.1 kDa I heat shock protein, YLS3, and ODORANT1 genes. These results will provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of drought stress adaptation in cotton