Komplikationen bei Endomyokardbiopsien. Eine Untersuchung von ca. 17800 Gewebeentnahmen von 1989 bis 1997

Untersuchung der Komplikationen und Komplikationsrate bei Endomyokardbiopsie im Beobachtungszeitraum 1989-1997 am kardiologischen Zentrum Universität Marburg. Diese Untersuchung wird hier zur Diagnostik der inflammatorischen Kardiomyopathie eingesetzt. Komplikationen bei den überwiegend linksventrikulär biopsierten Patienten traten selten auf. Die Entnahmen erfolgten meist im Anschluß einer Herzkatheteruntersuchung unter Röntgendurchleuchtungskontrolle. Die gefürchteste Komplikation, die Perikardtamponade wurde in insgesmat 2538 Untersuchungsgängen mit ca. 7 Gewebeentnahmen pro Patient 16 Mal festgestellt, wobei 9 Patienten eine Entlaßtungspunktion und ggf. Drainage erhalten mußten. Ein Patient mußte operativ versorgt werden. Kein Patient verstarb im Beobachtungszeitraum im Rahmen der Endomyokardbiopsie. Risikofaktoren (z.B. das Geschlecht, das Lebensalter, die Ejektionsfration, der Druck im linken Ventrikel) die eine Komplikation bedingen könnte, konnten in dieser Untersuchung nicht gefunden werden. Im Vergleich zu anderen Zentren, die überwiegend rechtsventrikulär biopsieren, traten ähnliche Komplikationsraten auf. Gewissenhaft eingesetzt handelt es sich um eine sichere Technik der Materialgewinnung, das in der fortschreitenden Entwicklung neuer Untersuchungsmethoden eine in Zukunft spezifische Therapie der entzündlichen Herzmuskelerkrankung ermöglichen wird

Echokardiographische Untersuchungen vor und nach Endomyokardbiopsie- Auftreten von Perikardergüssen als Zeichen einer traumatisch bedingten Ventrikelperforation

Das Auftreten von Perikardergüssen als Zeichen einer traumatisch bedingten Ventrikelperforation nach Endomyokardbipsie als schwerste auftretende Komplikation mit Ausbildung einer Perikardtamponade wurde anhand von 723 Fällen nach Häufigkeit und Klinik/Symptomen untersucht

Negaton and Positon Solutions of the KDV Equation

We give a systematic classification and a detailed discussion of the structure, motion and scattering of the recently discovered negaton and positon solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. There are two distinct types of negaton solutions which we label $[S^{n}]$ and $[C^{n}]$, where $(n+1)$ is the order of the Wronskian used in the derivation. For negatons, the number of singularities and zeros is finite and they show very interesting time dependence. The general motion is in the positive $x$ direction, except for certain negatons which exhibit one oscillation around the origin. In contrast, there is just one type of positon solution, which we label $[\tilde C^n]$. For positons, one gets a finite number of singularities for $n$ odd, but an infinite number for even values of $n$. The general motion of positons is in the negative $x$ direction with periodic oscillations. Negatons and positons retain their identities in a scattering process and their phase shifts are discussed. We obtain a simple explanation of all phase shifts by generalizing the notions of ``mass" and ``center of mass" to singular solutions. Finally, it is shown that negaton and positon solutions of the KdV equation can be used to obtain corresponding new solutions of the modified KdV equation.Comment: 20 pages plus 12 figures(available from authors on request),Latex fil

A new small-bodied azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of England and its implications for pterosaur anatomy, diversity and phylogeny

BACKGROUND: Pterosaurs have been known from the Cretaceous sediments of the Isle of Wight (southern England, United Kingdom) since 1870. We describe the three-dimensional pelvic girdle and associated vertebrae of a small near-adult pterodactyloid from the Atherfield Clay Formation (lower Aptian, Lower Cretaceous). Despite acknowledged variation in the pterosaur pelvis, previous studies have not adequately sampled or incorporated pelvic characters into phylogenetic analyses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The new specimen represents the new taxon Vectidraco daisymorrisae gen. et sp. nov., diagnosed by the presence of a concavity posterodorsal to the acetabulum and the form of its postacetabular process on the ilium. Several characters suggest that Vectidraco belongs to Azhdarchoidea. We constructed a pelvis-only phylogenetic analysis to test whether the pterosaur pelvis carries a useful phylogenetic signal. Resolution in recovered trees was poor, but they approximately matched trees recovered from analyses of total evidence. We also added Vectidraco and our pelvic characters to an existing total-evidence matrix for pterosaurs. Both analyses recovered Vectidraco within Azhdarchoidea. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE: The Lower Cretaceous strata of western Europe have yielded members of several pterosaur lineages, but Aptian pterosaurs from western Europe are rare. With a pelvis length of 40 mm, the new animal would have had a total length of c. 350 mm, and a wingspan of c. 750 mm. Barremian and Aptian pterodactyloids from western Europe show that small-bodied azhdarchoids lived alongside ornithocheirids and istiodactylids. This assemblage is similar in terms of which lineages are represented to the coeval beds of Liaoning, China; however, the number of species and specimens present at Liaoning is much higher. While the general phylogenetic composition of western European and Chinese communities appear to have been approximately similar, the differences may be due to different palaeoenvironmental and depositional settings. The western Europe pterodactyloid record may therefore be artificially low in diversity due to preservational factors

New ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs from the European lower cretaceous demonstrate extensive ichthyosaur survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary

Background Ichthyosauria is a diverse clade of marine amniotes that spanned most of the Mesozoic. Until recently, most authors interpreted the fossil record as showing that three major extinction events affected this group during its history: one during the latest Triassic, one at the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary (JCB), and one (resulting in total extinction) at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. The JCB was believed to eradicate most of the peculiar morphotypes found in the Late Jurassic, in favor of apparently less specialized forms in the Cretaceous. However, the record of ichthyosaurs from the Berriasian–Barremian interval is extremely limited, and the effects of the end-Jurassic extinction event on ichthyosaurs remains poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Based on new material from the Hauterivian of England and Germany and on abundant material from the Cambridge Greensand Formation, we name a new ophthalmosaurid, Acamptonectes densus gen. et sp. nov. This taxon shares numerous features with Ophthalmosaurus, a genus now restricted to the Callovian–Berriasian interval. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that Ophthalmosauridae diverged early in its history into two markedly distinct clades, Ophthalmosaurinae and Platypterygiinae, both of which cross the JCB and persist to the late Albian at least. To evaluate the effect of the JCB extinction event on ichthyosaurs, we calculated cladogenesis, extinction, and survival rates for each stage of the Oxfordian–Barremian interval, under different scenarios. The extinction rate during the JCB never surpasses the background extinction rate for the Oxfordian–Barremian interval and the JCB records one of the highest survival rates of the interval. Conclusions/Significance There is currently no evidence that ichthyosaurs were affected by the JCB extinction event, in contrast to many other marine groups. Ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs remained diverse from their rapid radiation in the Middle Jurassic to their total extinction at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous

Designing the future: strategy, design and the 4th Revolution: an introduction

This is an introduction to the special issue of California Management Review on Design Thinking (DT). This special issue joins the growing body of work exploring the idea of DT and whether DT makes a difference in terms enhancing or augmenting the impact of technology—and, as a result, innovation—in a positive way. We have chosen an interesting, relevant, and useful array of papers that provide different approaches, views, and interpretations of applied design thinking. These articles provide both management and scholarly readers with insights in how DT is used, as well as its impact and usefulness in a variety of contexts