The Territory, a Container of Local Specificities: Evidence by Analysis of the Local Productive System of Ksar-Hellal

This article aims to highlight the relevance of the territory in the experience of local development. Indeed, by an application on a Tunisian case, it was shown that the territory of Ksar-Hellal is implicated in the functioning of its local production system, specializing in textile and clothing. It turned out that the Hilalian territory is abundant in specific economic resources such as competition, complementarity, and non-economic such as cooperation, technological externalities and social values. Those resources that are specific to the Hilalian territory are essential to stimulate the local dynamics of the productive system in question

Local regulation between formal and informal institutions: Analysis by application to the case of the town of Ksar-Hellal (Tunisia)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to detect the relevance degrees of formal and informal institutions at the level of local regulation, as well as their effects on the local companies' productivities. Indeed, by an analysis of the territory of the Ksar-Hellal town, we noted that informal institutions, apprehended by the trust and the collective punishment, contribute beside the formal penal institutions to channel the behaviors of the hilalian companies but with a less effectiveness. Similarly, the strong contribution of exogenous institutions in boosting productivity compared to that endogenous, states that the decision makers should improve the quality of formal regulation, and this at the expense of any form of regulation built by values commonly shared by the local community. Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es detectar los grados de relevancia de las instituciones formales e informales en el nivel de regulación local, así como sus efectos sobre productividades de las empresas locales. En efecto, por un análisis del territorio de la ciudad de Ksar Hellal, observamos que las instituciones informales, aprehendidas por la confianza y el castigo colectivo, contribuyan al lado de las instituciones penales formales para canalizar las conductas de las empresas hilalíes pero con una menor eficacia. Asimismo, la fuerte contribución de instituciones exógenas en incrementar la productividad comparada con la endógena, afirma que los responsables deben mejorar la calidad de la regulación formal, y esto a expensas de cualquier forma de regulación construido por valores comúnmente compartidos por la comunidad local

Local regulation between formal and informal institutions: Analysis by application to the case of the town of Ksar-Hellal (Tunisia)

The purpose of this paper is to detect the relevance degrees of formal and informal institutions at the level of local regulation, as well as their effects on the local companies' productivities. Indeed, by an analysis of the territory of the Ksar-Hellal town, we noted that informal institutions, apprehended by the trust and the collective punishment, contribute beside the formal penal institutions to channel the behaviors of the hilalian companies but with a less effectiveness. Similarly, the strong contribution of exogenous institutions in boosting productivity compared to that endogenous, states that the decision makers should improve the quality of formal regulation, and this at the expense of any form of regulation built by values commonly shared by the local community.El objetivo del presente trabajo es detectar los grados de relevancia de las instituciones formales e informales en el nivel de regulación local, así como sus efectos sobre productividades de las empresas locales. En efecto, por un análisis del territorio de la ciudad de Ksar Hellal, observamos que las instituciones informales, aprehendidas por la confianza y el castigo colectivo, contribuyan al lado de las instituciones penales formales para canalizar las conductas de las empresas hilalíes pero con una menor eficacia. Asimismo, la fuerte contribución de instituciones exógenas en incrementar la productividad comparada con la endógena, afirma que los responsables deben mejorar la calidad de la regulación formal, y esto a expensas de cualquier forma de regulación construido por valores comúnmente compartidos por la comunidad local

Local regulation between formal and informal institutions: analysis by application to the case of the town of Ksar-Hellal (Tunisia)

The purpose of this paper is to detect the relevance degrees of formal and informal institutions at the level of local regulation, as well as their effects on the local companies’ productivity. Indeed, by analyzing the territory of the Ksar-Hellal town, we noted that informal institutions, apprehended by trust and collective punishment, contribute with the formal penal institutions to channel the behavior of Hilalian companies but with less effectiveness. Similarly, the strong contribution of exogenous institutions in boosting productivity compared to that of the endogenous ones states that decision makers should improve the quality of formal regulation and this at the expense of any form of regulation built by values commonly shared by the local community

Impact of the Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Human Activity on the Ecosystem: Demonstration through the Use of Ecological Footprint Approach

This article aims to show that the impact of human activities on the ecosystem, measured by the Ecological Footprint, depends on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the population. Indeed, we confirmed our hypothesis by an empirical analysis on Tunisia, where it was revealed that the increase in its Ecological Footprint, is attributed mainly to massive consumption of goods, bad land management by building horizontal, and to a lesser extent, to the presence of polluting employments. The results suggest the adoption of targeted policies, according to the specific characteristics of population

The causal relationship between remittances and poverty reduction in developing country: using a non-stationary dynamic panel data

El objetivo de este artículo es investigar la relación causal entre las remesas y la reducción de la pobreza para 14 emergentes y los países en desarrollo durante el período 1980-2012. Hemos propuesto un análisis de cointegración, utilizando el método de datos de panel dinámico no estacionarios. Nuestra estimación de resultados revelan ese nexo de causalidad de la pobreza y de las remesas es bidireccional. También encontramos que el impacto de la reducción de la pobreza en remesas causal es más fuerte que el efecto inverso. En efecto, a pesar de su débil impacto en la pobreza, las remesas deben tomarse en serio, y esta tomando las medidas adoptadas por los países desarrollados a facilitar el acceso de inmigrantes a sus territorios. Tal iniciativa podría reducir en cierta medida las desigualdades dentro de los países en desarrollo.The aim of this article is to investigate the causal relationship between remittances and poverty reduction for 14 emerging and developing countries over the period 1980-2012. We proposed a cointegration analysis, using the method of non-stationary dynamic panel data. Our estimation results reveal that causality nexus of poverty and remittances is bi-directional. We also find that the causal impact of poverty reduction on remittance is stronger than the reverse impact. Indeed, despite of its weak impact on the poverty, remittances should be taken seriously, and this by taking measures by developed countries to facilitate the access of immigrants to their territories. Such an initiative could reduce to some extent the inequalities within developing countries

The productivity within the framework of the endogenous development approach: Application to the case of the Local Productive System of Ksar-Hellal (Tunisia)

International audienceThe new configuration productive do not consider any more the space as a source of costs and as a passive support of productive factors but, it replaces it by the concept of territory, where its organization, its socio-economic and institutional characteristics, play an active role. This article aims to verify the hypothesis which assumes that the territory is a windfall for the productivity of the agglomerated companies. Indeed, by application to the Local Productive System (LPS) of Ksar-Hellal, it turned out that the specific resources of the territory can be in the service of agglomerated companies, but it is not necessary that they participate together in their productive efficiency, and in the institution of an endogenous dynamics of development. In addition, the analysis proved that social relationships play an unimportant role in the productive performances of the concentrated companies, putting into question the theoretical hypotheses, which consider the relevance of the role of the extraeconomic processes. Therefore, the assumption that all the specific resources of the country are responsible for the productivity of agglomerated firms should be allowed with some caution. There is no guarantee that the concentrated companies of LPS enjoy all the economic and social benefits of their territorial base. The agglomerated companies can take profit by exploiting their economic factors, while ignoring the informal aspects

La micro-entreprise moyen de lutte contre la pauvreté: mise en évidence par application au niveau des régions tunisiennes

In Tunisia, the contribution of the microentreprises sector, in the fight against poverty, has appeared so that, every increasing in the number of the microentreprises involves a reduction of the poverty rate. In addition, it proved that the participation of these small unities in the fight against poverty varies from one area to another, according to the activity sectors. The detection of such sectoral specialization on the level of the fight against poverty, allows the adoption of targeted regional policies, intended to encourage the creation of microentreprises, in the most relevant activity sectors.La contribution du secteur des micro-entreprises en Tunisie, dans la lutte contre la pauvreté, s'est manifestée de telle sorte que, tout accroissement du nombre d'unité de micro-entreprise entraîne une réduction du taux de pauvreté. En outre, il s'est avérée que la participation de ces petites unités dans la lutte contre la pauvreté, varie d'une région à une autre, selon le secteur d'activité y exerçantes. La détection d'une telle spécialisation sectorielle au niveau de la lutte contre la pauvreté, permet l'adoption de politiques régionales ciblées, destinées à encourager la création de micro-entreprises, au niveau des secteurs d'activité les plus pertinents

LE TERRITOIRE, UN CONTENEUR DE SPECIFICITES LOCALES: MIS EN EVIDENCE PAR L’ANALYSE DU SYSTEME PRODUCTIF LOCAL DE KSAR-HELLAL (TUNISIE)

The article aims to highlight the relevance of the territory in the experiences of local development. Indeed, by an application on a Tunisian case, it was shown that the territory of Ksar-Hilal isembedded in the functioning of its local production system, specializing in textile and clothing. It turned out that the hilalian territory is overflowing of specific resources, whether of economic process as competition, complementarity or non-economic processes, such as, cooperation, technological externalities, shared valuesand local regulations. Those resources that are specific to hilalian territory are essential to stimulate the local dynamics of the productive system in question

La micro-entreprise moyen de lutte contre la pauvreté: mise en évidence par application au niveau des régions tunisiennes = Micro-enterprises are the medium against poverty: Its application in Tunisian regions

La contribution du secteur des micro-entreprises en Tunisie, dans la lutte contre la pauvreté, s’est manifestée de telle sorte que, tout accroissement du nombre d’unité de micro-entreprise entraîne une réduction du taux de pauvreté. En outre, il s’est avérée que la participation de ces petites unités dans la lutte contre la pauvreté, varie d’une région à une autre, selon le secteur d’activité y exerçantes. La détection d’une telle spécialisation sectorielle au niveau de la lutte contre la pauvreté, permet l’adoption de politiques régionales ciblées, destinées à encourager la création de micro-entreprises, au niveau des secteurs d’activité les plus pertinents