Karakterisasi Genetik Trichoderma Spp Indigenus Rizosfir Pisang Yang Berpotensi Pengendalian Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Cubense Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Pisang

The objective of the research was to characterize the genetic variation of Trichoderma spp. Study of genetic characters used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain-reaction (RAPD-PCR) that amplicated with four primers (OPA 2, OPA 17, OPB- 05 and Primer 2). Analysis result of genetic variation of Trichoderma spp make as dendrogram. The result of the research indicated that : 1) Trichoderma spp. had the great genetic variation, 2)Trichoderma isolate from the same region did not always have the same genetic profile, 3) S6 and T1 isolates were effective to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. cubense than the others but had a different genetic profile

Pemanfaatan Bahan Organik Sebagai Pembawa Untuk Peningkatan Kepadatan Populasi Trichoderma Viride Pada Rizosfir Pisang Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

The aims of the research were to determine the best organic matter as carrier for growth and increasing the density of Trichoderma viride strain TV-T1sk (TV-T1sk) and its influence on Fusarium wilt disease development on banana seedling. This research consisted of two experiments, i.e. (1). Growth testing of TV-T1sk in various organic matter, (2). Various organic matter testing for increasing the density of TV-T1sk in banana rhizosphere and its influence on Fusarium wilt desease development. The treatments were various organic matter, namely rice straw, sugar cane pulp, rice bran+banana plant waste, hull of rice+sugar cane pulp and rice. The variables observed were density and viability of conidia on various organic matter. Propagule density after introduction to banana rhizosphere was determined by observing TV-T1sk propagul from the rizosphere of banana seedling. The influence of density on Fusarium wilt disease development was determined by incubation period, the percentage of symptomized leaves and the intensity of corm damage. The results showed that both sugar cane pulp and rice were the best organic matter for increasing the growth and the density of TV-T1sk after introduction to banana rhizosphere. The density of TV-T1sk propagule on banana rhizophere influenced the development of Fusarium wilt disease

Kesintasan Beberapa Jamur Antagonis pada Buah Cabai dan Potensinya dalam Menekan Penyakit Antraknosa yang Disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

Persistence of several antagonistic fungus on chilli and its potential to suppress anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides is one of the important diseases on chilli because its directly gives negative impact on chilli production. The aim of this research was to obtain the superior antagonistic fungi that have ability to persist on Chili fruit and potential to control anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides The experiment consist of two units: 1. Testing of persistence ability of antagonistic fungi on chilli fruit, 2. Testing the potential of antagonistic fungi to suppress anthracnose disease on chilli fruit. Both of the test used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and 4 replication, each of replication consist of 4 Chilies fruit. Those treatments were Trichoderma-PP1, Trichoderma-PP3, Trichoderma-AG2, Trichoderma-PYK3, Paecilomyces-PP6, Paecilomyces-PP7, Paecilomyces-AG4, Paecilomyces-PYK4, Aspergillus PP2 and without antagonistic fungi (control). The result indicated that all antagonistic fungi isolate could persist on Chili fruit. The highest persistence were Trichoderma-PP3 and TrichodermaAG2 (95.83%) and the lowest belonged to Paecilomyces-PP7 (50%). Trichoderma-PP3 and Trichoderma-AG2 were the best isolates for suppressing anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides

Keanekaragaman Jamur Pada Rizosfer Tanaman Cabai Sistem Konvensional Dan Organik Dan Potensinya Sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

Fungal diversity of Chili rhizosphere at conventional and organic cropping system and its role as biocontrol agent of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The aim of this research was to study fungal diversity in Chili rhizosphere at conventional and organic system; to ditermine and identify the fungi that had antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides. Diversities of rhizosphere fungi in Chili of conventional and organic system were determined by counting the amount of propagule and isolates. Antagonistic activity was examined by dual cultures and slide culture. Identification was determind up to genus level. Propagule density and the amount of isolates in Chili rhizosphere of organic system were higher than those in conventional system. Fifty two fungal isolates were found from Chili rhizosphere at conventional and organic system, 28 isolates from organic system and 24 isolates from conventional. Ten fungal isolates from Chili rhizosphere in organic system and 4 fungal isolates from that in conventional system had antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides which cause antracnose on Chili. The antagonistic isolates were: Trichoderma, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus and unidentified isolate (X isolate)

Patogenisitas Cendawan Entomopatogen dari Rizosfir Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus) terhadap Hama Penggerek Polong Etiella zinckenella Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The objective of this study was to get entomopathogenic fungi isolates of bean plant rhizosphere derived from Nagari Sawah Tangah, District Pariangan, Tanah Datar Regency and to determine their pathogenicity on pod borer E. zinckenella. Isolation method was performed by diluting the soil samples in a serial dilution into 10-3 and cultured in PDA media. Furthermore, the purification was based on the shape and color of the fungus colonies. A total of 16 isolates obtained at the initial stage were selected by testing them against the fifth instar larvae Tenebrio molitor. Results showed that only 4 isolates (STA 1, STA 2.2, STA 5, and STB 3.1) could be further tested against E. zinckenella pod borer using completely randomized design (CRD). The highest pathogenicity isolates was exhibited by STA 1 belonged to Metarhizium genera

Keanekaragaman Serangga Air di Sawah Konvensional dan Organik di Kota Padang

Study on diversity of aquatic insects in rice is important to determine the condition of the rice fields. The purpose of this research was to study the community of aquatic insects in two difference cultivations (organic and conventional) and sub districts (Koto Tangah dan Pauh) in Padang City. Purposive random sampling method was used. Samples were collected by using water insect nets and water bottle traps. The results showed that the aquatic insects found in the study site consisted of 5 orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Odonata), 16 families, 51 species and 3808 individuals. Aquatic insect populations in organic farming was higher (5 orders, 15 families, 48 species and 3089 individuals) than conventional (4 orders, 9 families, 20 species and 719 individuals). Aquatic insects found were acting as predators (3718 individuals), detrivors (7 individuals), and omnivors (83 individuals). The diversity indexes of aquatic insects on two locations were classified as medium but the diversity in organic cultivation was higher than conventional

Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili

Authors. 2018. Short Communication: Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili. Biodiversitas 19: 974-977. Some of antagonistic fungi from chili rhizosphere were potential to suppress the growth of colletotrichum gloeosporoides in vitro. This present study was aimed to observe the viability of antagonistic fungi and effect of temperature and ultraviolet light to its conidial germination. We targeted to obtain the isolate with the best viability and high resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes. The experiment used a completely randomized design consisted of nine treatments and four replication. The treatment were nine of antagonistic fungi isolates from chili rhizosphere that consisted of two genera, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces, each comprised four isolates and unidentified isolate (X isolate). These four isolates were considered as replication for observation. The observed parameters observe included the width of colony, density of conidia, germination of conidia, effect of temperature and ultraviolet light changes to conidial germination. The results showed that antagonistic fungi from the genus Trichoderma had the best viability (the width of colony = 39.68-56.92 cm , density of conidia 40.50-57.50 x 10 9 conidia/mL and germination of conidia > 80%) and highest resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes compared with the other fungi used in this study