The application of two stage robust weighted least squares and robust bootstrapping procedure on food expenditure data.

This paper analysed a real data set that were obtained from a simple random sampling of Faculty of Sciences staffs in Universiti Putra Malaysia. It represents the relationship between total food expenditure (response variable) and monthly income (independent variable). This data set has been extensively analysed and found to have outliers and also heteroscedastic problems. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is not appropriate to analyse this data because the homogeneity of error variances (homoscedasticity) which is one of the important assumption in linear regression is not met. The commonly used Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method to remedy the heteroscedastic problem is also not appropriate as the WLS estimators are easily affected by a few atypical observations that we often call outliers. In this paper we have used Two Stage Robust Weighted Least Squares (TSRWLS) and bootstrapping method to analyse the food expenditure data. The results of the study indicate that the TSRWLS method is more efficient than the OLS, the WLS, and the other existing methods

The effect of high leverage points on the maximum estimated likelihood for separation in logistic regression

This article is concerned with the performance of the maximum estimated likelihood estimator in the presence of separation in the space of the independent variables and high leverage points. The maximum likelihood estimator suffers from the problem of non overlap cases in the covariates where the regression coefficients are not identifiable and the maximum likelihood estimator does not exist. Consequently, iteration scheme fails to converge and gives faulty results. To remedy this problem, the maximum estimated likelihood estimator is put forward. It is evident that the maximum estimated likelihood estimator is resistant against separation and the estimates always exist. The effect of high leverage points are then investigated on the performance of maximum estimated likelihood estimator through real data sets and Monte Carlo simulation study. The findings signify that the maximum estimated likelihood estimator fails to provide better parameter estimates in the presence of both separation, and high leverage points

Yield and Quality of Some Tropical Sugarbeet Genotypes Under Bangladesh Conditions

The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Agronomy and Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2012-13 cropping season to assess the comparative performance of yield and quality of six tropical sugarbeet genotypes viz., CS 0327, HI 0473, CS 0328, HI 0044, Shubhra and Cauvery. The different genotypes showed significant differences in their yield and yield components, such as beet length, beet girth, beet yield, shoot yield, sugar yield and harvest index. The quality parameters, such as total soluble solids or brix, sucrose percentage and apparent purity percentage of sugarbeet were also different among the genotypes. Maximum beet length (31.38 cm), beet girth (36.09 cm), beet yield (75.46 t ha-1), shoot yield (38.46 t ha-1) and sugar yield (11.82 t ha-1) were found in Cauvery followed by CS 0328. In case of sugarbeet quality, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) and sucrose percentage (21.90% and 15.68%, respectively) were recorded in Cauvery followed by the genotype CS 0328 (21.52% and 15.50%, respectively). So, it was concluded that tropical sugarbeet genotype Cauvery appeared as the best one with respect to yield and quality parameters followed by CS 0328 under Bangladesh conditions.&#x0D; Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(2): 55-61</jats:p

Varietal performance of transplant &lt;i&gt;aman&lt;/i&gt; rice under different hill densities

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2004 to evaluate the effect of hill spacing on the performance of BRRI dhan40 and BRRI dhan41 as Transplant aman crop. The experiment consisted of five hill spacings viz., 5cm. 10cm, 15 cm, and 25 cm where row to row spacing of 25 cm was kept constant for all treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The 25 cm x 5 cm hill spacing produced the tallest plant, highest total number of tillers/hill, bearing tillers/hill lowest number of non-hearing tillers/hill, grain yield and harvest index, while 25 cm x 5 cm hill spacing produced the highest number of sterile spikelets/panicle, straw yield and biological yield. BRRI dhan41 produced higher grain yield (4.7 t/ha) which was the contribution of higher number of grains/panicle and heavier grain weight. Lower yield (4.51 t/ha) was recorded in BRRI dhan40.Key Words: Varietal performance; T. aman rice; hill density.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5750Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 33-39, March 2009 </jats:p

Growth Assessment of Tropical Sugarbeet as Influenced by Spacing

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agronomy and Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna during 2012-2013 to determine the most suitable spacing for sugarbeet cultivation in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted with nine spacing viz. 50 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 70 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 60 cm × 25 cm, 70 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 70 cm × 30 cm in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of spacing on sugarbeet plantation were observed on growth and growth contributing components (germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, crop growth rate) of sugarbeet. The highest germination percentage (95.67%), number of leaves plant-1 (34.33) at 30 DAS, shoot length (54.07 cm) at 120 DAS, root fresh weight (969.47 g plant-1) at 150 DAS, shoot fresh weight (752.47 g plant-1) at 120 DAS and other growth contributing parameters were obtained with the spacing 70 cm × 30 cm. However, the maximum root length (38.97 cm) was obtained with 50 cm × 20 cm spacing. It was concluded that the wider spacing promoted the growth of individual beet, though the optimum spacing for maximum root growth of sugarbeet was 50 cm × 20 cm.&#x0D; Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 51-58</jats:p

Effects of Planting Dates on Growth, Yield And Quality of Newly Released Sugarcane Varieties

The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field of Kapasia, Gazipur during November, 2011 to March, 2013under the AEZ 28 (Modhupur Tract).The experiment was carried out to find the effects of varieties and planting dates on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane. Two varieties (viz; Isd 38 and Isd 39) and five planting datesfrommid-November to mid-Marchwere laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications. Among the varieties, there was no significant difference; however Isd 38 performed better than Isd 39 in all aspect of yield contributing characters. Growth characters viz., tillers and millable cane stalks were significantly influenced by different planting dates. The highest germination (72.17%), tiller (111.03×103 ha-1), millable cane (91.12×103 ha-1), pol % cane (14.91%)and cane yield (75.47 t ha-1) were obtained from mid- November planting and gradually decreased with the advancement of planting times where all the lowest values were recorded from mid-March planting. Interaction between variety and planting date, mid-November planting with Isd 38 produced the highest germination (73.67%), tiller (115.39 ×103 ha-1), millable cane (98.16 ×103 ha-1), pol % cane (14.95%) and cane yield (93.64 t ha-1). The overall results revealed that variety Isd 38 in mid-November planting is optimum for sugarcane production under the Modhupur tract soils of Bangladesh.&#x0D; Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(2): 73-81</jats:p

Determining the lx and estimating the force of mortality for children under five in Bangladesh

Background: Under-five mortality is a health indicator in population health and the health sciences. Force of death is a more accurate measure of mortality than others, which indicates the situation of mortality when time tends to zero. The purpose of this research is to construct a simulation for lx (the number of people living at exact age x) for under-five mortality in Bangladesh as a whole, and separately for rural and urban areas, and then estimating the mortality rate in regard to these matched models. Methods: Secondary data were collected from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007. A polynomial model was selected to match the lx values. To prove the accuracy of the model, the rule of cross-validity was applied. Results: It has been shown that fourth degree polynomial models can be adjusted to lx values ​​with explanation of more than 94% variation. It was noted that the mortality rate shows a rapidly decreasing pattern for people aged 0-20 months, a monotonically increasing pattern for those aged 20-53.5 months and then it begins to decrease. It is found that the mortality rate in rural areas is higher than in urban areas of all ages. Conclusions: It has been shown that the mortality rate in rural areas is higher than for urban areas of all ages, except for those aged 53.5 months. The health situation should therefore be improved to reduce mortality in rural Bangladesh.</ns4:p

Modulation of growth performance, immunological responses and disease resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758) by supplementing dietary inosine monophosphate

This study was investigated to examine supplemental effects of dietary inosine monophosphate (IMP) on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Disease resistance to experimental infection with Streptococcus agalactiae was also assessed. A semi-purified basal diet was supplemented with 0 (IMP0, Control), 1 (IMP1), 2 (IMP2), 4 (IMP4) and 8 (IMP8) g purified IMP kg−1 diet to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (0.59 g) for 60 days. The results indicated that supplementation of IMP significantly (P  0.05). Among whole body proximate composition and somatic parameters, condition factor was significantly influenced by dietary supplementation of IMP. A wide variation in hematological parameters were observed and dietary supplementation increased the hematocrit content (P  0.05). Total serum protein (TSP), lysozyme activity (LA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and bactericidal activity (BA) tended to increase with the supplementation of dietary IMP. TSP and SOD were significantly improved with ≥4 g kg−1 supplementation, while LA with 8 g kg−1 and BA with ≥1 g kg−1 supplementations. IMP supplemented groups showed higher (P > 0.05) cumulative survival compared to that of supplementation free control group. IMP supplemented diet groups also showed significantly higher BA in the post challenge test. Based on the overall performances, the results of the current study indicated that the inclusion of IMP in Nile tilapia diet can improve growth performance, feed utilization, haematological and immunological parameters; and disease resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia. Keywords: Nucleotides, Inosine monophosphate, Growth, Immunity, Disease resistance, Nile tilapia, Streptococcus agalactia