Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among tuberculosis patients with or without HIV in Goiânia City, Brazil

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) and tuberculosis (TB) represent major public health problems. There is currently little data on HBV infection among TB patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).ObjectivesTo assess HBV prevalence among TB patients with and without HIV.Study designFrom April 2008 to March 2010, a cross-sectional study was conduct among TB patients attended at a reference hospital in Goiânia City, Brazil. The participants were tested for serological markers of HBV infection and HIV antibodies. HBV DNA was detected in HBsAg-positive samples, and also in HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive samples to look for HBV occult infection.ResultsOf 425 patients, 402 (94.6%) agreed to participate in the study. The overall prevalence of HBV (HBsAg and/or anti-HBc positive) and HIV infections were 25.6% (103/402) and 27.6% (111/402), respectively. A higher HBV infection rate was found among HIV-infected patients (36.9%; 41/111) compared to patients infected with TB only (20.0%; 57/285). A multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that age ≥50 years (p=0.03), non-injecting (p<0.01) and injecting (p<0.01) drugs use were associated with HBV infection. Among the HBsAg-positive samples (n=13), HBV DNA was detected in 10 (76.9%) samples. Of the 90 anti-HBc-positive samples, 13 were HBV DNA positive (with very low levels) resulting in an occult HBV infection rate of 14.4%. PCR-RFLP was successfully performed in 20 HBV DNA-positive samples: 15 were genotype A and 5 were genotype D.ConclusionsHBV infection was common, particularly among this with HIV infection

Crescimento de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira aclimatizadas nas condições da Amazônia Sul Ocidental sob a influência de diferentes substratos e recipientes Growth of micropropagated banana plantlets acclimatized on conditions of South West Amazon under the influence of different substrates and recipients

Para laboratórios que produzem milhares de plantas micropropagadas regularmente, a otimização da fase de aclimatização é de fundamental importância para evitar perdas excessivas de plantas, bem como favorecer seu crescimento. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira na aclimatização, sob a influência de diferentes substratos e recipientes, nas condições da Amazônia Sul-Ocidental. Após o sexto subcultivo, brotações de bananeira, cv. Grand Naine (AAA), foram enraizadas em meio MS básico sendo, posteriormente, transferidas para viveiro onde foram plantadas em tubetes de 115 cm³ e 180 cm³ preenchidos com seis diferentes substratos, formulados a partir da combinação de terra de encosta, esterco bovino e casca de arroz carbonizada. Avaliações sobre sobrevivência, altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do pseudocaule foram realizadas quinzenalmente, sendo que, ao final de 75 dias, também foi determinada a massa fresca e seca das plantas. Observou-se que a sobrevivência das plantas não foi influenciada pelo uso de tubetes de 115 cm³ ou 180 cm³, no entanto, plantas aclimatizadas em tubetes de 180 cm³ apresentam maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro do pseudocaule e, conseqüentemente, maior acúmulo de massa fresca e seca das partes aérea e raízes, durante a aclimatização, quando comparados aos tubetes com 115 cm³ de capacidade. Entre os substratos, verificou-se que aqueles que continham esterco bovino na sua composição, proporcionaram resultados superiores quando comparados aos demais substratos testados para todas as variáveis analisadas, sendo este, portanto, um importante componente no desenvolvimento das plantas durante a fase de aclimatização.<br>For laboratories that produce thousands of micropropagated plants regularly, the optimization of the acclimatization phase is of fundamental importance to avoid excessive losses and to promote the development of the plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of micropropagated banana plantlets during the acclimatization under the influence of different substrates and recipients on conditions of South West Amazon. Shoots of banana, cv. Grand Naine, were rooted in MS medium, being the rooting plants transferred to a nursery, in two types of plastic dibble tubes (115 cm³ and 180 cm³) and six different substrates formulated from different portions of soil, carbonized rice hulls and bovine manure. Evaluations of plant survival, height of the aerial part and pseudostem diameter were carried out each fifteen days, and at the end of 75 days, fresh and dry mass for the roots and aerial parts of the plants were also determined. It was verified that the plant survival was not influenced by the use of the 115 cm³ or 180 cm³ plastic dibble tubes. However, acclimatization accomplished in the 180 cm³ plastic dibble tubes provided larger growth in height and pseudostem diameter of the plants and, consequently, larger accumulation of fresh and dry mass of roots and aerial parts, when compared to the 115 cm³ plastic dibble tubes. Among the substrates, it was observed that bovine manure was fundamental as substrate component to obtain the best results

Análise de crescimento de Bixa orellana L. sob efeito da inoculação micorrízica e adubação fosfatada Analyses of Bixa orellana L. growth under the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de Bixa orellana L. em condições de viveiro sob efeito da inoculação micorrízica e adubação fosfatada. As plantas foram cultivadas em sacos de polietileno com 0,18 X 0,30 m e capacidade de 1,3 kg de substrato. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e trinta repetições. As dosagens de fósforo utilizadas foram 0, 4.200 e 8.400 g m-3 de substrato. O fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) da espécie Glomus clarum, foi utilizado em metade dos tratamentos (com e sem micorrizas) com inoculação de 2 g do fungo. As avaliações ocorreram 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a emergência das plântulas. Determinou-se a massa seca de folhas, área foliar, massa seca total, razão de área foliar, área foliar específica, taxa assimilatória líquida, taxa de crescimento relativo e taxa de crescimento absoluto. O fungo micorrízico facilita a absorção de fósforo pelo urucum, atendendo a sua exigência em relação ao nutriente. A dose de fósforo de 4.200 g m-3 em associação com FMA Glomus clarum ou 8.400 g m-3, com ou sem essa associação, são indicadas para o crescimento de plantas de urucum em viveiro, por promoverem adequadas respostas dos índices fisiológicos, contribuindo com seu desenvolvimento<br>This study aimed to evaluate the development of Bixa orellana L. under nursery conditions and subjected to the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization. The plants were grown in polyethylene bags with dimensions of 0.18 x 0.30 m and capacity of 1.3 kg substrate. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and thirty replicates. The used phosphorus levels were 0, 4.200 and 8.400 g m-3 substrate. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) of the species Glomus clarum was used in half of the treatments (with and without mycorrhizae) with inoculation of 2 g of the fungus. Evaluations occurred at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the emergence of seedlings. Leaf dry mass, leaf area, total dry mass, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and absolute growth rate were determined. The mycorrhizal fungus facilitates phosphorus uptake by annatto, fulfilling its requirement for the nutrient. The phosphorus level of 4.200 g m-3 in association with Glomus clarum or 8.400 g m-3, with or without this association, are indicated for annatto plant growth in nurseries since they promote appropriate responses of physiological indexes, contributing to the plant developmen