Certification, Forest Conservation, and Cattle: Theories and Evidence of Change in Brazil

Voluntary certification programs for agricultural and forest products have been developed to improve the environmental and social sustainability of production processes. The new Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN) cattle certification program aims to reduce deforestation in the cattle supply chain, with a focus on Brazil. Drawing on information from interviews with key actors in Brazil, this article discusses the mechanisms that may enable the SAN cattle program to achieve these goals and to avoid critiques that have been leveled at other commodity certification programs. The program sets higher standards for sustainability than any existing policy or incentive mechanism. Participation in the program may generate significant indirect financial and non‐financial benefits. The program may also influence the supply chain more widely: by demonstrating that certifiable, traceable, sustainable cattle production is viable; by “raising the bar” of sustainability standards through rigorous criteria; and by creating new markets and incentives. While the scaling up and impact of the SAN cattle program will depend in part on how it is supported or constrained by other interventions in the same sector, the program appears to be characterized by a rigorous program design that is necessary, if not sufficient, to catalyze reduced rates of forest loss.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111945/1/conl12116.pd

A simbiose entre a DOCENAVE e a indústria naval brasileira

The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between DOCENAVE, a company subsidiary navigation of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, and the path of consolidation and partial dismantling of the heavy shipping industry in Brazil between 1963 and 1997. The period begins at creation of DOCENAVE the privatization of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce. DOCENAVE, along with other state owners, Lloyd Brasileiro and Frota Nacional de Petroleiros, set the strategies of the Superintendência Nacional da Marinha Mercante, which aimed to strengthen and consolidate the Brazilian shipbuilding industry. With Companhia Vale do Rio Doce Activity Reports, Yearbooks of the Merchant Marine and magazine articles Port and Ships, and other documentary as basic references, and bibliographic sources, this paper analyzes the trajectory of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce and DOCENAVE in four decades: new markets and creation of DOCENAVE (1960), favorable expectations and expansion of the fleet (1970), diversification of production and the company’s consolidation (1980), and uncertainties and denationalization of orders (1990).O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a relação entre a DOCENAVE, uma companhia de navegação subsidiária da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, e a trajetória de consolidação e desmonte parcial da indústria da construção naval pesada no Brasil entre 1963 e 1997. O período compreende desde a criação da DOCENAVE à privatização da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce. A DOCENAVE, juntamente com outros armadores estatais, Lloyd Brasileiro e Frota Nacional de Petroleiros, ajustou-se às estratégias da Superintendência Nacional da Marinha Mercante, que tinha como objetivo fortalecer e consolidar o setor naval brasileiro. Tendo como referência básica os relatórios de atividades da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, anuários da Marinha Mercante e artigos da revista Portos e Navios, além de outras fontes documentais e bibliográficas, o texto analisa a trajetória da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce e da DOCENAVE em quatro décadas: novos mercados e criação da DOCENAVE (1960), expectativas favoráveis e ampliação da frota (1970), diversificação da produção e consolidação da companhia (1980) e incertezas e desnacionalização das encomendas (1990)

Assessing the Impact of Social Structures in International Opportunity Recognition: A Case Study of Brazilian Technology Firms

This chapter explores how the recognition of opportunities regarding developing technology and entering a new market is influenced by the systemic effect of social forces. These include institutions, social networks and the entrepreneur’s cognitive frames. This study adopts a longitudinal perspective by capturing and analysing the phenomenon in two moments: first, when the businesses started to operate domestically and second, when they began to internationalise. The cases of five Brazilian technology firms are analysed. The findings reveal the systemic and mutually reinforcing effect of these social forces on the recognition of opportunities. The entrepreneurs’ cognitive frames were particularly vital in recognising opportunities to enter the Brazilian market. The institutional support provided by universities along with government mechanisms and entrepreneurs’ social networks were essential to accrue experiential and non-experiential knowledge of international markets, therefore contributing to the recognition of international opportunities. The temporal perspective employed in this research assists the understanding of how historical events shape entrepreneurs’ capabilities to recognise and change company discourse to pursue the recognition of international opportunities. The results provide guidelines for researchers, practitioners and policymakers, particularly in the emerging economies in Latin America, to support the growth and flourishing of entrepreneurial ventures through pursuing international opportunities

High Rate of Mutational Events in SARS-CoV-2 Genomes across Brazilian Geographical Regions, February 2020 to June 2021

Brazil was considered one of the emerging epicenters of the coronavirus pandemic in 2021, experiencing over 3000 daily deaths caused by the virus at the peak of the second wave. In total, the country had more than 20.8 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including over 582,764 fatalities. A set of emerging variants arose in the country, some of them posing new challenges for COVID-19 control. The goal of this study was to describe mutational events across samples from Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 sequences publicly obtainable on Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data-EpiCoV (GISAID-EpiCoV) platform and to generate indexes of new mutations by each genome. A total of 16,953 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were obtained, which were not proportionally representative of the five Brazilian geographical regions. A comparative sequence analysis was conducted to identify common mutations located at 42 positions of the genome (38 were in coding regions, whereas two were in 5′ and two in 3′ UTR). Moreover, 11 were synonymous variants, 27 were missense variants, and more than 44.4% were located in the spike gene. Across the total of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) identified, 32 were found in genomes obtained from all five Brazilian regions. While a high genomic diversity has been reported in Europe given the large number of sequenced genomes, Africa has demonstrated high potential for new variants. In South America, Brazil, and Chile, rates have been similar to those found in South Africa and India, providing enough “space” for new mutations to arise. Genomic surveillance is the central key to identifying the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil and has shown that the country is one of the “hotspots” in the generation of new variants

Entrepreneurs’ personal values and CSR orientations: evidence from SMEs in Zambia

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurs’ personal values and corporate social responsibility (CSR) orientations among small- and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country, Zambia. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through questionnaires. Two linear regression models were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: Self-transcendence values have a significant positive influence on socially oriented CSR but do not influence environmentally oriented CSR. Self-enhancement values do not affect social and environmental CSR orientations. Conservation values have a marginally positive influence on environmentally oriented CSR but no influence on socially oriented CSR. Finally, openness to change has a significant positive influence on environmentally orientated CSR but no influence on socially oriented CSR. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study relates to the sector from which the sample was drawn, other predictors of CSR orientations, use of cross-sectional data, and the replication of this study to validate its findings. Practical implications: The findings inform policy-makers, scholars, educators, and regulators on the importance of aligning personal values with environmental and social concerns, thereby influencing entrepreneurs’ CSR orientations for the well-being of society and the natural environment. Originality/value: This paper shows the influence of personal values on CSR orientations among entrepreneurs in a hardly researched Sub-Saharan Africa country

Acordo de cooperação técnica: MCTI/IBICT e ENAP

Acordo de cooperação técnica que entre si celebram a União, por intermédio do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - MCTI, por meio de sua unidade de pesquisa, o Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia - IBICT, e a Escola Nacional de Administração Pública - ENAP. Constitui objeto do presente instrumento a conjugação de esforços no sentido de desenvolver atividades conjuntas visando: a) Apoio à implantação do portal de periódicos, desenvolvido com a ferramenta SEER/OJS, da ENAP, com vistas à publicação, na Web, da Revista do Serviço Público; b) Apoio na implantação do Repositório Institucional da ENAP, desenvolvido com a ferramenta DSpace, com vistas à preservação e acesso à produção institucional da ENAP; c) Apoio à implantação do Portal de Eventos da ENAP, desenvolvido com a ferramenta SOAC/OCS, com vistas a facilitar o gerenciamento de eventos organizados pela ENAP; d) Apoio ao desenvolvimento de cursos, na modalidade à distância, promovidos pelo IBICT, com vistas à disseminação das tecnologias apoiadas pelo IBICT; e) Oferta de treinamento, com vistas à capacitação de servidores do IBICT.Número de páginas: 5 p.Gestão de ParceriasAcordo de Cooperação 004/2013 MCTI/IBIC

Segregação socioespacial e especulação imobiliária no espaço urbano.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar como as atuais formas de uso e ocupação do solo conectados à dinâmica capitalista, estruturam práticas de segregação socioespacial e de valorização fundiária. Como procedimento metodológico foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado procura demonstrar que a execução de programas habitacionais tem favorecido a especulação imobiliária e promovido a segregação socioespacial da população de menor renda nos territórios periféricos da cidade de Londrina - PR, produzindo entraves sobre o direito à moradia digna acentuando as contradições sociais e econômicas.