A fuzzy channel allocation scheme for the WDM hierarchical all-optical network

The fuzzy means of allocating WDM channels in a hierarchical all-optical network (AON) for the modified token medium access protocol is addressed. The goal is to minimise the average delay of local subnet and global bound traffic, and to maximise the number of nodes that can be supported by the network. This is achieved by allotting a minimum number of spatially-reuse channels to the subnets, which can accommodate a certain maximum number of nodes. Actually the minimum number of nodes that are sought for each subnet in terms of cost. By working out the maximum number of nodes for each subnet and the total subnets that can be supported, the optimum number of global channels and the overall total number of nodes for the entire network, can hence be determined. The packet generation rate and average delay in slot time are used to gauge the performance of the fuzzy channel allocation model

The ‘dance’ of life: visualizing metamorphosis during pupation in the blow fly Calliphora vicina by X-ray video imaging and micro-computed tomography

© 2017 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Design of simulation system for performance predictions of WDM single-hop networks

Describes the design, development and use of a software architecture for a simulation environment to examine, validate and predict the performance of piggybacked token passing protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical network. This simulation environment overcomes many of the limitations found with analytical models. A set of the principal components and their dynamics, which make up the simulation design has been identified. It is shown that this protocol optimises the usage of the bandwidth available in the optical fibre with more than 70% used for data transmission. It is also suggested that the number of channels required to accomplish a single-hop connection within a local environment is small with number of channels to nodes ratio of 1:4. This is comparatively small and requires only limited-tuneable transceivers

RF Based Remote Control for Electrical Appliances

This work presented here is to control electrical appliances through RF based remote system. From anywhere without any line of sight, RF based wireless remote control system can change the state of the electrical appliances either in off state or in on state. The controlling circuit is built around RF transmitter and RF Receiver modules which are operating at certain frequency along with a encoder and a decoder with few passive components. The four different channels at the encoder IC are used as input switches and the four channels at the decoder output are connected to the electrical devices through a relay. Here the transmission technique is amplitude shift keying (ASK) and the circuit is powered with 9 Volt. The main objective of this work is to control electrical appliances without line of sight requirement using the RF technology. It has many applications like we can control any independent electrical appliance such as T.V, room light, fan just from a remote. Operating them manually is a tedious job and become hectic sometimes. If one can control devices like fan, TV, lights and music system with a remote from a distance place just by pressing the button, life will become simpler. This will make our life more comfortable and easier

Influence of Stakeholders in Developing Green Banking Products in Bangladesh

Environmental concern is trying to control the patterns of consumers’ consumption and behavior of manufacturing industries and business enterprises worldwide since climate change issues has been considered as a global challenge. After so many argumentations in the developed countries, it has become an incessant public endearment in the developing countries like Bangladesh, as the level of environmental deterioration has picked up to the mountains. Many measures have been taken into account while adapting to climate changes, but the actions are inconsistent in many cases especially in the financial sector (most appropriately in the banking sector). This study aims to highlight the supreme benefits, encountering challenges, strategic aspects of Green Banking with two major objectives. First one is to caricature the existing scenario of green banking practice in Bangladesh and the other one is to accentuate how individual and also institutional stakeholder forces such as regulatory, managerial or environmental, that can affect the deliberate environmental behavior of banks performing in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that banks should go green and play a pro-active role to take environmental aspects for functional improvements and changing client habits in banking business. Use of appropriate environmental technologies and management systems will not only be useful for environment, but also provide benefits as greater operational efficiencies. After using both descriptive and inferential statistics analysis, this study also advocacy for the necessity of stakeholder’s influences in green banking practice and recommend some indication for Government, the whole banking sector and for the business community

Research notes: Evaluation of soybean germplasm

Soybean has been called the miracle crop of the twentieth century. It is one of the most nutritious among beans and pulses, having 40% protein and 20% oil. In view of the chronic shortage of protein and oil in India, soybean is a welcome introduction to provide the much needed stability and boost to the production of these two essential items of food

Experimental Study of Hydroformed Al6061T4 Elliptical Tube Samples under Different Internal Pressures

In order to achieve crack free elliptical shape under controlled conditions, an experimental set-up was designed and fabricated. This setup consists of three hydraulic cylinders, an intensifier, a hydraulic power pack, storage tanks, forming die, and all parts are controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) system. The elliptical samples can be achieved through proper control of internal pressure and axial force with proper sealing. Experimental work has been carried out with different magnitudes of internal pressure and constrained conditions of axial force. Initially die of elliptical shape has been designed and modeled in Abaqus to successfully achieve the particular shape of the Al6061T4 tube under different internal pressure. The fabricated tube hydroforming machine set-up is highly effective for forming 0.5 mm-2 mm thick Al6061T4 alloy tube samples. The Experimental test has been carried out at 12.7 mm outer diameter, 175 mm length and 0.5 mm thick Al6061T4 samples. Bulge height parameters measured at different points of regular distance gap on the axial direction of the tube length and corner radius found at different pressures range of the samples are plotted under different internal pressures. Samples having an 18.7 mm major elliptical bulge were achieved during the experiment. The experimental data was validated by simulation results

Analysis of Crosstalk Noise for 2π RC Model considering Interconnect Parameters in Deep Submicron VLSI Circuit

As the technology enters into deep sub-micron region, signal integrity is becoming a very crucial parameter. In order to deal with the challenges associated with signal integrity problem, such as, crosstalk noise and delay, estimation and minimizing techniques should be addressed with great importance. Along with this, the peak noise amplitude and noise width values in the sensitive node must be verified and confirmed that they are below the certain threshold levels. Hence, for a particular range of frequency, an accurate and efficient crosstalk noise estimation model is necessary to confirm the signal integrity. Therefore, this work aims to analyse the crosstalk noise between two interconnect lines using 2π RC model, and considering its physical parameters, such as the parasitic capacitance, resistance and inductance and interconnect parameters, specifically the spacing between two interconnects, length, width, thickness, height from substrate in deep sub-micron VLSI circuit. In this paper, analytical expressions for peak noise amplitude and noise width in 2π model with RC interconnects for unit step input were derived, and then it was simulated in MATLAB and HSPICE software platform. The MATLAB based results represent that 2π model possesses less errors, and showed better performance compared to some other popular models by adjusting the interconnecting parameters for any certain range of operating frequency. The HSPICE simulation justifies the accuracy of the approach with full satisfaction