A preliminary fishery quality index for Portuguese streams

There is a need to quantify the multivariate quality of a recreational fishery at the site scale to better communicate the relative quality among sites to the public and anglers. Borrowing on the general approach of multimetric indices of biotic integrity (IBIs), we developed fishery quality indices (FQIs) from species quality indices (SQIs) based on measures of fish abundance and size structure for northern and central Portuguese streams. Our FQIs showed regional patterns indicating a range in fishery quality. Higher coldwater FQI scores were mostly found in the northwestern (Minho and Lima), northeastern Douro, and northern Tagus basins. Higher warmwater FQI scores occurred in the eastern Tagus basin. The species that contributed the most to warmwater FQI scores were largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, the cyprinid Luciobarbus bocagei, chubs Squalius carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus, and nases Pseudochondrostoma duriense and P. polylepis. The chubs, nases, and brown trout Salmo trutta contributed the most to coldwater FQI scores. As expected, our indices were correlated with river size and with disturbance at the catchment, segment, and site scales. Regression models for separate coldwater and warmwater FQIs were stronger than those for the individual SQIs and for an all-site FQI. The correlation was positive between the coldwater FQI and a coldwater IBI but negative between the warmwater FQI and warmwater IBIs. The proposed FQIs offer a quantitative approach for assessing relative fishery quality among sites and for making regional assessments given an appropriate study design. The component SQIs and SQI metrics of the FQIs can be disassociated to determine the population and species characteristics most affected by various environmental variables

Qualidade da água para a irrigação de plantas em viveiros: utilização de descargas elétricas sem efeito térmico e de campos de energia no controle de Meloidogyne incognita Raça 1

The effect of electrical discharges without thermic effect and of energy field on Meloidogyne incognita Rara 1 larvae elimination in weir water was tested. on an average, 63,22% of larvae were killed by electrical discharges, in comparison with 53,12% of dead larvae in the control (water that received only ammonium sulphate) as an electrolyte. Water exposed to energy fields presented higher percentages of dead larvae (50,01% for electromagnetic field, 43,78% for variable electric field and 40,48% for static electric field) in comparison with control, represented by water without exposition to any energy field and without ammonium sulphate (34,27%).Testou-se o efeito de descargas elétricas e de campos de energia na eliminação de nematóides Meloidogyne incognita Raça 1 em água de açude destinada à irrigação de plantas em viveiros. Em média, 63,22% de larvas foram mortas pelas descargas elétricas, em comparação com 53,12% na testemunha, ou seja, água que recebera apenas sulfato de amônio como eletrólito. O campo eletromagnético foi responsável pela morte de 50,01% das larvas e os campos elétricos variável e estático, a 43,78% e 40,48% respectivamente, em comparação com a testemunha, representada por nematóides em água não exposta a campos e nem ao sulfato de amônio

Quality of water for nursery plants irrigation - use of electrical discharges without thermal effect and of electric-fields for meloidogyne-incognita race 1 control

The effect of electrical discharges without thermic effect and of energy field on Meloidogyne incognita Rara 1 larvae elimination in weir water was tested. on an average, 63,22% of larvae were killed by electrical discharges, in comparison with 53,12% of dead larvae in the control (water that received only ammonium sulphate) as an electrolyte. Water exposed to energy fields presented higher percentages of dead larvae (50,01% for electromagnetic field, 43,78% for variable electric field and 40,48% for static electric field) in comparison with control, represented by water without exposition to any energy field and without ammonium sulphate (34,27%).Testou-se o efeito de descargas elétricas e de campos de energia na eliminação de nematóides Meloidogyne incognita Raça 1 em água de açude destinada à irrigação de plantas em viveiros. Em média, 63,22% de larvas foram mortas pelas descargas elétricas, em comparação com 53,12% na testemunha, ou seja, água que recebera apenas sulfato de amônio como eletrólito. O campo eletromagnético foi responsável pela morte de 50,01% das larvas e os campos elétricos variável e estático, a 43,78% e 40,48% respectivamente, em comparação com a testemunha, representada por nematóides em água não exposta a campos e nem ao sulfato de amônio.UNESP,FCAV,DEP CIENCIAS EXATAS,BR-14870 JABOTICABAL,SP,BRAZILUNESP,FCAV,DEP CIENCIAS EXATAS,BR-14870 JABOTICABAL,SP,BRAZI