Myeloid cells in autoimmune diseases

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are autoimmune diseases caused by dysregulation of the immune system. Monocytes/macrophages are myeloid cells that play a pivotal role in both induction and resolution of these diseases depending on the stage and microenvironment of disease course. Similar to monocytes/macrophages, microglia are CNS resident macrophages that during MS may also exhibit both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory properties. The main purpose of my PhD project was to develop a method to induce a regulatory or suppressive phenotype of myeloid cells for use in adoptive transfer as a novel therapy in preclinical studies of autoimmunity. In Paper I we tested the hypothesis whether there are any differences in activation states between mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds. We used congenic Nramp1 ‐susceptible and ‐resistant macrophages on BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse backgrounds and determined fundamental differences in macrophage activation states between the two different strains as well as Nramp1‐specific effects. In Paper II we tested the therapeutic effect of M2 macrophages in T1D. Our results reveal that after a single adoptive transfer of IL‐4/IL‐10/TGF‐β‐stimulated macrophages > 80% of the treated mice were protected from disease development. In Paper III we explored the same treatment in a MOG‐induced EAE model. We were able to demonstrate that intranasal administration of IL‐4/IL‐10/TGF‐β‐stimulated microglia can attenuate EAE development in DBA/1 mice. In Paper IV we translated the rodent M2 macrophage induction protocol to a human monocyte‐macrophage setting. Our findings indicate a robust stimulation protocol for generation of an optimal, specific, stable, and immunosuppressive human monocyte‐derived macrophage phenotype. The results presented in this thesis collectively demonstrate induction of a regulatory phenotype IL‐4/IL‐10/TGF‐β in various myeloid cells including rodent macrophages, microglia and human monocytes. The IL‐4/IL‐10/TGF‐β‐induced M2 cells had a potent deactivating effect on pro‐inflammatory LPS/IFNγ‐activated macrophages (M1), significantly suppressed T cell proliferation and induced Tregs. Several modes of action are thus indicated to explain the therapeutic clinical effects, which were particularly apparent during chronic disease states. Based on these results, further clinical development of this therapy is thus warranted

Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor dinas ketenagakerjaan Kota Makassar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui budaya organisasi dan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Dinas Ketenagkerjaan Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Karakteristik budaya organisasi dapat dilihat dari 4 indicator yaitu norma, nilai-nilai, sikap dan kepercayaan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui indikator kinerja dapat dilihat dari indicator hasil kerja,perilaku Kerja dan Sifat Pribadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka teknik pengumpulan data ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, kuesioner/angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan pajak kendaraan bermotor di kantor Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap (Samsat) Wilayah Gowa sudah sangat baik dengan persentase sebesar 84,89%. Hal ini dilihat dari kelengkapan sarana pelayanan yang sudah memadai untuk memudahkan pelayanan, petugas yang memiliki kompetensi dan bekerja sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan serta sikap sopan dan ramah yang ditunjukkan kepada wajib pajak, serta didukung oleh peralatan komputer yang sudah berbasis online sehingga mempercepat proses pelayanan. Adapun faktor penghambat pemberian pelayanan yaitu fasilitas pemanggil nomor antrian yang belum dioperasikan secara maksimal padahal sudah terpasang di depan loket, sistem jaringan yang kadang terganggu sehingga menghambat kecepatan pemberian pelayanan dan jumlah personil yang ditugaskan untuk samsat keliling masih kurang sehingga masih perlu dioptimalkan untuk terwujudnya pelayanan yang prima. Kata kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan

Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dengan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau Angkatan 2011

Social support is one of the factors affect learning achievement. Socialsupport are attention, love, and advice that will give positive effect toward thestudents. The purpose of this study was to determine correlation of level study skillwith learning achievement of Medical Faculty students of Riau University batch2011. The study design was analytic with cross sectional method . The subject of thisstudy was Medical Faculty students of Riau University batch 2011. This study samplewas taken by total sampling technique. This study used a questionnaire of socialsupport and social support Study Results Card ( SRC ) to measure learningachievement . Statistical test used for correlation of social support with learninugachievment was Spearman test. The statistially study results showed there was nosignificant correlation between social support learning achievement. The conclusionof this study was most of students have categorie high social support and most ofstudent (Grade Point Avarage) GPA category were very satisfying

Evaluation of Microbial Floc and Microalgae Spirulina Platensis Combination for Juvenile Cobia Rachycentron Canadum Diets on Growth and Physiological Responses After Immersion in Freshwater

In marine aquaculture, immersing marine fish species in fresh water can remove ectoparasite that adhere to all over the fish body. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of combining microbial floc and microalgae Spirulina platensis in juvenile cobia diet on growth performance and stress responses after immersion in aerated fresh water for 15 minutes. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks for 40 days before collecting data on their growth performance. The stress response was determined by mea-suring both glucose and cortisol levels before (0 h) and after (1, 2, 4, 6, 24 hours) immersion. The fish-es fed on the 15% of combining microbial flock and microalgae Spirulina platensis diet showed the highest growth rate with the lowest feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments. The cortisol level of juvenile cobia in both the 15% and 30% combination of microbial floc and microalgae Spiru-lina platensis treatments did not increase during the first hour following the immersion compared to the control treatment. The glucose level also increased after one hour immersion in freshwater of all treatments. This indicated that feeding juvenile cobia on microbial flocs and microalgae diets had a retarding effect on the physiological responses (cortisol and glucose) after immersion in fresh water

E-banking: Influence of Mass Media Communication on Customers’ Satisfaction in Sylhet City, Bangladesh

This paper sought to analyse the influence of mass communication on customers’ satisfaction regarding e-banking services, for two selected commercial banks in Sylhet city, Bangladesh. One of them is Private Commercial Bank and another one is Government Commercial Bank. A cross sectional survey was used for this research to reach the objectives and hypothesis of the study. Mass media communication is the learning of how individuals exchange information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. It is usually assumed to relate newspaper, periodical magazine, and book publishing, as well as radio, television and film, even via internet as these mediums are used for circulating information, news and advertising. Mass media communication is used here as an independent variable and customer satisfaction is considered as dependent variable. Total 250 questionnaires were circulated, out of which 200 were considerable for the study. Respondents are customer from aforesaid banks across Sylhet city of Bangladesh. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate a model for predicting the influence of mass media communication of customer satisfaction in context of e-banking usage in Sylhet city, Bangladesh through SPSS version 22. This paper exemplify that government should ensure the availability media (i.e. Newspaper, Internet, TV, Radio) around the country to aware about development of government’s vision

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON BLOCKING PROBABILITY OF PLMN AND PSTN

Nowadays, the rapid development of telecommunication and information technology is happened. Also, many methods and analysis are used to solve the problem. One of the example is traffic load. As the vital point of telecommunication industry, traffic load is must be considered well. So, there will be less blocking probability for each of subscriber. This problem is also applied for two famous communication system, PLMN and PSTN. Where PLMN is a wireless network and PSTN is wired network. The literature study has been done. All the result has been presented below. In conclusion, PSTN blocking probability is determined by number of available trunks. On the other hand, PLMN has two type of blocking probability, first call blocking and hand over blocking. In addition, both PLMN and PSTN has another reason of blocking which happen when the targetted subscriber does not answered a call. Moreover, the interconnecting and exchange connection PLMN and PSTN is similiar.Saat ini, pesatnya perkembangan telekomunikasi dan teknologi informasi sedang terjadi. banyak metode dan analisis yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam telekomunikasi. Salah satu contohnya adalah beban lalu lintas. Sebagai titik vital industri telekomunikasi, beban lalu lintas harus diperhatikan dengan baik. Jadi, akan ada lebih sedikit kemungkinan pemblokiran untuk setiap pelanggan. Masalah ini juga berlaku untuk dua sistem komunikasi terkenal, PLMN dan PSTN. Dimana PLMN adalah jaringan nirkabel dan PSTN adalah jaringan kabel. Studi literatur telah dilakukan. Semua hasilnya telah disajikan. Kesimpulannya, probabilitas pemblokiran PSTN ditentukan oleh jumlah batang yang tersedia. Di sisi lain, PLMN memiliki dua jenis probabilitas pemblokiran, pemblokiran dari pertama dan pemblokiran ketika terjadi hand-over. Selain itu, baik PLMN dan PSTN memiliki alasan lain untuk memblokir yaitu ketika pelanggan yang ditargetkan tidak menjawab panggilan. Selain itu, koneksi dalam dan pertukaran koneksi dari PLMN dan PSTN serupa

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON BLOCKING PROBABILITY OF PLMN AND PSTN

Nowadays, the rapid development of telecommunication and information technology is happened. Also, many methods and analysis are used to solve the problem. One of the example is traffic load. As the vital point of telecommunication industry, traffic load is must be considered well. So, there will be less blocking probability for each of subscriber. This problem is also applied for two famous communication system, PLMN and PSTN. Where PLMN is a wireless network and PSTN is wired network. The literature study has been done. All the result has been presented below. In conclusion, PSTN blocking probability is determined by number of available trunks. On the other hand, PLMN has two type of blocking probability, first call blocking and hand over blocking. In addition, both PLMN and PSTN has another reason of blocking which happen when the targetted subscriber does not answered a call. Moreover, the interconnecting and exchange connection PLMN and PSTN is similiar.Saat ini, pesatnya perkembangan telekomunikasi dan teknologi informasi sedang terjadi. banyak metode dan analisis yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam telekomunikasi. Salah satu contohnya adalah beban lalu lintas. Sebagai titik vital industri telekomunikasi, beban lalu lintas harus diperhatikan dengan baik. Jadi, akan ada lebih sedikit kemungkinan pemblokiran untuk setiap pelanggan. Masalah ini juga berlaku untuk dua sistem komunikasi terkenal, PLMN dan PSTN. Dimana PLMN adalah jaringan nirkabel dan PSTN adalah jaringan kabel. Studi literatur telah dilakukan. Semua hasilnya telah disajikan. Kesimpulannya, probabilitas pemblokiran PSTN ditentukan oleh jumlah batang yang tersedia. Di sisi lain, PLMN memiliki dua jenis probabilitas pemblokiran, pemblokiran dari pertama dan pemblokiran ketika terjadi hand-over. Selain itu, baik PLMN dan PSTN memiliki alasan lain untuk memblokir yaitu ketika pelanggan yang ditargetkan tidak menjawab panggilan. Selain itu, koneksi dalam dan pertukaran koneksi dari PLMN dan PSTN serupa

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON BLOCKING PROBABILITY OF PLMN AND PSTN

Nowadays, the rapid development of telecommunication and information technology is happened. Also, many methods and analysis are used to solve the problem. One of the example is traffic load. As the vital point of telecommunication industry, traffic load is must be considered well. So, there will be less blocking probability for each of subscriber. This problem is also applied for two famous communication system, PLMN and PSTN. Where PLMN is a wireless network and PSTN is wired network. The literature study has been done. All the result has been presented below. In conclusion, PSTN blocking probability is determined by number of available trunks. On the other hand, PLMN has two type of blocking probability, first call blocking and hand over blocking. In addition, both PLMN and PSTN has another reason of blocking which happen when the targetted subscriber does not answered a call. Moreover, the interconnecting and exchange connection PLMN and PSTN is similiar.Saat ini, pesatnya perkembangan telekomunikasi dan teknologi informasi sedang terjadi. banyak metode dan analisis yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam telekomunikasi. Salah satu contohnya adalah beban lalu lintas. Sebagai titik vital industri telekomunikasi, beban lalu lintas harus diperhatikan dengan baik. Jadi, akan ada lebih sedikit kemungkinan pemblokiran untuk setiap pelanggan. Masalah ini juga berlaku untuk dua sistem komunikasi terkenal, PLMN dan PSTN. Dimana PLMN adalah jaringan nirkabel dan PSTN adalah jaringan kabel. Studi literatur telah dilakukan. Semua hasilnya telah disajikan. Kesimpulannya, probabilitas pemblokiran PSTN ditentukan oleh jumlah batang yang tersedia. Di sisi lain, PLMN memiliki dua jenis probabilitas pemblokiran, pemblokiran dari pertama dan pemblokiran ketika terjadi hand-over. Selain itu, baik PLMN dan PSTN memiliki alasan lain untuk memblokir yaitu ketika pelanggan yang ditargetkan tidak menjawab panggilan. Selain itu, koneksi dalam dan pertukaran koneksi dari PLMN dan PSTN serupa

The Impact of Technology-Based Learning Media on the Critical Thinking Skills of 11th-Grade Students at MAN 2 Mojokerto

Critical thinking is a vital skill for students in the 21st century. The integration of technology into learning plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness and quality of education by providing broader access to information, fostering interactive methods, and supporting the understanding of complex concepts. This study aims to examine the impact of using technology-based learning media on the critical thinking skills of 11th-grade students at MAN 2 Mojokerto. The research is a field study employing a quantitative approach, where data was collected through primary sources and analyzed using simple linear regression to measure how significantly the use of learning media influences students’ critical thinking abilities. The findings show that the use of technology-based learning media has a fairly strong impact, with an effectiveness rate of 76%. Meanwhile, students’ critical thinking skills at MAN 2 Mojokerto are also categorized as fairly good, with a score of 72.5%. In conclusion, the study indicates that technology-based learning media positively influence the critical thinking abilities of 11th-grade students at MAN 2 Mojokerto