The use of wind pumps for greenhouse microirrigation: a case study for tomato in Cuba.

Crop irrigation is a major consumer of energy. Only a few countries are self-sufficient in conventional non-renewable energy sources. Fortunately, there are renewable ones, such as wind, which has experienced recent developments in the area of power generation. Wind pumps can play a vital role in irrigation projects in remote farms. A methodology based on daily estimation balance between water needs and water availability was used to evaluate the feasibility of the most economic windmill irrigation system. For this purpose, several factors were included: three-hourly wind velocity (W3 h, m/s), flow supplied by the wind pump as a function of the elevation height (H, m) and daily greenhouse evapotranspiration as a function of crop planting date. Monthly volumes of water required for irrigation (Dr, m3/ha) and in the water tank (Vd, m3), as well as the monthly irrigable area (Ar, ha), were estimated by cumulative deficit water budgeting taking in account these factors. An example is given illustrating the use of this methodology on tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse at Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. In this case two different W3 h series (average and low wind year), three different H values and five tomato crop planting dates were considered. The results show that the optimum period of wind-pump driven irrigation is with crop plating in November, recommending a 5 m3 volume tank for cultivated areas around 0.2 ha when using wind pumps operating at 15 m of height elevation

Dominant atmospheric circulation patterns associated with abnormal rainfall events over Rwanda, East Africa

The study investigated the dominant atmospheric circulation patterns associated with abnormal rainfall over Rwanda during the March–May (MAM) rainfall season in 1981–2010. The data sets used in this study include: rainfall, wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and humidity. Correlation and composite analysis and Percent of Normal Index (PNI) were deployed in this study. In the wet years (1987, 1988, and 1998), the country was dominated by moisture convergence, which is in line with wind anomalies that exhibits strong westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean and southeasterly winds originated from the Indian Ocean. These winds carry moist air mass passing over Congo to the study area, leading to wet events. On the other hand, easterly winds were noted over the study area during the dry years (1984, 2000, 2007, and 2008). The observed wet years coincided with the El Niño events, while the dry years are noted during the La Niña episodes. The dry years exhibited a wide spread of moisture divergence anomaly at the low level and were characterized by the sinking motion as opposed to the wet years with the rising motion. The anomalies of velocity potential/divergence further showed that the wet (dry) years were characterized by convergence (divergence) at the low level. The results also show that there exists a low positive correlation between mean MAM rainfall and SST over the Indian Ocean, which shows minimum influence of the Ocean. On the other hand, it was noted that rainfall amounts is significantly correlated at 95% confidence level with the elevation (altitude) of a given station. This study improves the understanding of the occurrence of wet and dry events in Rwanda, which is helpful in future monitoring of these events

The Climate Challenge for Agriculture and the Value of Climate Services: Application to Coffee-Farming in Peru

The use of climate information in economic activities, typically provided by climate services, may serve as a possible adaptation strategy to changing climate conditions. The present paper analyzes the value of climate services aimed at improving agricultural productivity through a reduction in weather-associated risks. In the first part, we provide a theoretical foundation for estimating the value of climate services by proposing a stochastic life-cycle model of a rural household which faces uncertainty with respect to the timing and the size of an adverse weather shock. We subsequently calibrate the model to match the environment of coffee producers in the Cusco region of Peru and provide a range of estimates for the value of climate services for a single average household, the region, and the country as a whole. In the second part of the paper we use empirical data to verify the numerical estimates. We assess the value of climate services in the agricultural sector in Cusco based on a choice experiment approach. Data are analyzed using a standard as well as a random parameter logit model allowing for preference heterogeneity. Farmers show a significant willingness-to-pay for enhanced climate services which is particularly related to the service accuracy and geographic resolution. On average, the yearly value of a climate service in the coffee sector is found to be in the range $20.64 -$21.10 per hectare and $8.1 -$8.2 million for Peru as a whole

Etude d'identification des groupes vulnérables au Rwanda

Document collected by the University of Texas Libraries from the web-site of the Reseau Documentaire International Sur La Region Des Grands Lacs Africains (International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region). The Reseau distributes "gray literature", non-published or limited distribution government or NGO documents regarding the Great Lakes area of central Africa including Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.UT Librarie

Resolución Ministerial N° 0342-2019-MINAGRI

Reconocer la Zona de Agrobiodiversidad denominada “Andenes de Cuyocuyo”, ubicada en el distrito Cuyocuyo, provincia de Sandia, departamento de Puno, que comprende el área de 6 554.82 has. (seis mil quinientos cincuenta y cuatro hectáreas, ocho mil doscientos metros cuadrados), que involucra a seis (6) comunidades campesinas, con la siguiente distribución superficial: 1) Comunidad Campesina de Cojene – Rotojoni: 849,15 (ochocientas cuarenta y nueve hectáreas, mil quinientos metros cuadrados); 2) Comunidad Campesina de Puna Ayllu; 1 008,42 has. (un mil ocho hectáreas, cuatro mil doscientos metros cuadrados); 3) Comunidad Campesina de Ura Ayllu: 1 353,08 has. (un mil trescientas cincuenta y tres hectáreas, ochocientos metros cuadrados); 4) Comunidad Campesina de Huancasayani Cumani: 1 613,95 has. (un mil seiscientas trece hectáreas, nueve mil quinientos metros cuadrados). 5). Comunidad Campesina de Ñacoreque: 1 351,14 has. (un mil trescientas cincuenta y un hectáreas, mil cuatrocientos metros cuadrados); y 6) Comunidad Campesina de Puna Laqueque: 379,08 has. (trescientas setenta y nueve hectáreas, ochocientos metros cuadrados

Resolución Ministerial N° 0267-2020-MINAGRI

Reconocer la Zona de Agrobiodiversidad denominada “Ccollasuyo”, ubicada en el distrito de Marcapata, provincia de Quispicanchi, departamento del Cusco, con una extensión de 14 240.11 ha (catorce mil doscientos cuarenta hectáreas, mil cien metros cuadrados) que involucra el territorio de la Comunidad Campesina denominada Comunidad de Indígenas Ccollasuyo