O olhar da enfermagem sobre as práticas de cuidado de famílias rurais à pessoa com câncer

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as práticas de cuidados das famílias rurais que vivenciam o cuidar da pessoa com câncer. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, que utilizou como referencial teórico-metodológico o Modelo Bioecológico de Urie Bronfenbrenner e o método da inserção ecológica. Participaram três famílias da área rural, que tinham um de seus membros em tratamento quimioterápico no Serviço de Oncologia de um Hospital Escola da região Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro e julho de 2009. Constatou-se que a família rural cuida a partir das práticas de cuidado que foram construídas com base nas interações entre as pessoas da família ao longo das gerações e em outras práticas da comunidade. O carinho, o amor, a proteção, a união familiar, a fé, o estar junto, a preocupação com a alimentação descrevem o cuidar e constituem-se como práticas de cuidado das famílias rurais à pessoa com câncer

Constraints on the origin of cosmic rays above 1018 eV from large scale anisotropy searches in data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

A thorough search for large-scale anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays detected above 1018 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory is reported. For the first time, these large-scale anisotropy searches are performed as a function of both the right ascension and the declination and expressed in terms of dipole and quadrupole moments. Within the systematic uncertainties, no significant deviation from isotropy is revealed. Upper limits on dipole and quadrupole amplitudes are derived under the hypothesis that any cosmic ray anisotropy is dominated by such moments in this energy range. These upper limits provide constraints on the production of cosmic rays above 1018 eV, since they allow us to challenge an origin from stationary galactic sources densely distributed in the galactic disk and emitting predominantly light particles in all directions

Further Development of Small Hydropower Facilities May Alter Nutrient Transport to the Pantanal Wetland of Brazil

Small hydropower (SHP) facilities, defined variably but usually by installed capacities of <10–50 MW, are proliferating around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Compared to larger dams, SHPs are generally viewed as having less environmental impact, although there has been little research to support that assertion. Numerous SHPs have been built, and many more are in development or proposed, in rivers that drain into the Pantanal, a world-renowned floodplain wetland system located mostly in Brazil. The upland tributaries are important sources of nutrients to the Pantanal, affecting the biological productivity of downstream floodplains. This study presents measurements from upstream and downstream of 25 current hydropower facilities, most of which are SHPs, throughout the upland watersheds of the Upper Paraguay River basin to reveal how these facilities may affect the concentrations and transport of nutrients in rivers flowing to the Pantanal. Artificial neural network models estimated the impact of building 80 future SHPs on nutrient transport into the Pantanal, based on observations at current facilities as well as the spatial distribution of future facilities. Overall impacts of current hydropower facilities were not large, and in most cases were indistinguishable based on comparisons between upstream and downstream. The short water residence times of reservoirs associated with SHPs likely explain their tendency to have little or no effect on nutrient transport. However, model predictions for hydropower facilities that may be built in the future, many on rivers with higher discharge and sediment loads, point to significant reductions in overall TN (8%) and TP (29%) transport, with potential negative consequences for river and floodplain productivity. Negative impacts may be either because the rivers carry low nutrient concentrations and are thereby sensitive to oligotrophication, or they are particularly important overall nutrient sources supporting ecosystem productivity in downstream rivers and floodplains. Together with a parallel study of sediment transport, these results support recommendations that several river systems presently lacking dams in their lower reaches should be excluded from future hydropower development to maintain the nutrient and sediment supply to the Pantanal.Full Tex

Educação em saúde na estratégia saúde da família: o significado e a práxis dos enfermeiros Educación en salud en la estrategia salud de la familia: el significado y la praxis de los enfermeros Health education in the family health strategy program: the meaning and praxis of nurse

O estudo objetivou identificar o significado da educação em saúde para os enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e as ações educativas individuais e coletivas desenvolvidas por eles. Participaram da pesquisa 20 enfermeiros que atuam na ESF no âmbito da 10ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados em abril de 2010, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas, e submetidos à análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados apontam para duas categorias: desvelamento do significado da educação em saúde sob a ótica dos enfermeiros; e a práxis educativa no cotidiano dos enfermeiros. Conclui-se que há necessidade de se esclarecer os objetivos da ESF relacionados à educação em saúde aos profissionais, e estabelecer um processo de capacitação e educação permanente para que ela seja eficaz e propicie a prevenção de doenças e a promoção da saúde da população.<br>El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el significado de la educación en salud para los enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) y las acciones educativas individuales y colectivas desarrolladas por ellos. Participaron de la investigación 20 enfermeros que actúan en la ESF en el ámbito de la 10ª Regional de Salud del Estado de Paraná. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo. Los datos fueron recogidos en abril de 2010 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas, y sometidos al análisis de contenido de categorías. Los resultados apuntan para dos categorías: desvelamiento del significado de la educación en salud bajo la óptica de los enfermeros; y la praxis educativa en el cotidiano de los enfermeros. Se concluye que hay necesidad de aclararse los objetivos de la ESF relacionados a la educación en salud a los profesionales, y establecer un proceso de capacitación y educación permanente para que ésta sea eficaz y propicie la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de la salud de la población.<br>The study aimed to identify the meaning of health education for the nurses of the Family Health Strategy Program (ESF) and the individual and collective educational actions developed by them. In the research took part 20 nurses who work in the ESF program within the 10th Regional of Health of Paraná State. This is a descriptive-exploratory study with qualitative approach. Data were collected in April 2010 through semi-structured recorded interviews, and submitted to the analysis of its categorical content. Results point to two categories: unveiling of the meaning of health education under the nurses' view; and the educational praxis in the quotidian of the nurses. It is concluded that there is a need of clarifying the objectives of ESF related to health education to the professionals, and to establish a training process and permanent education so that it becomes effective propitiating prevention of diseases and promoting health to the population