Comparison of cold-pressing and soxhlet extraction systems for bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties, polyphenols, fatty acids and tocopherols in eight nut oils

Antioxidant activities of different nut oils ranged from 11.43 (peanut) to 65.58% (pistachio) in cold pressed oils whereas in case of soxhlet extracted oils they were in the range of 11.32 (hazelnut) to 51.28% (pistachio). beta-Carotene contents of oils obtained by cold pressing and soxhlet extraction changed between 7.53 (almond) and 13.58 A mu g/100 g (pistachio). The highest total phenol contents (2.36 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g) were observed in pistachio oils obtained by cold press. The oleic acid contents of cold pressed and soxhlet extracted oils were between 19.88 (walnut) and 69.43% (pecan) to 19.07 (walnut) and 68.53% (pecan), respectively. The linoleic acid contents of nut oils from cold press system vary between 12.78 (hazelnut) and 63.56% (walnut), whereas in case of soxhlet extraction, it changed between 11.78 (hazelnut) and 62.41% (walnut). The alpha-tocopherol contents of cold pressed nut oils changed between 0.07 (walnut) and 257.42 mg/kg (hazelnut) alpha-tocopherol contents of nut oils extracted by soxhlet extraction changed between 0.03 (pistachio) and 209.73 mg/kg (hazelnut). The catechin contents of cold pressed nut oils were between 0.56 (cashew) and 3.76 A mu g/100 g (pistachio), whereas that of soxhlet extracted oil varied between 0.64 (cashew) and 3.82 A mu g/100 g (cashew).Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityDeanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RG-1439-016]The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research Group No. RG-1439-016

A critical review of the current knowledge regarding the biological impact of nanocellulose

Several forms of nanocellulose, notably cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrillated cellulose, exhibit attractive property matrices and are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. These include the paper and cardboard industry, use as reinforcing filler in polymer composites, basis for low-density foams, additive in adhesives and paints, as well as a wide variety of food, hygiene, cosmetic, and medical products. Although the commercial exploitation of nanocellulose has already commenced, little is known as to the potential biological impact of nanocellulose, particularly in its raw form. This review provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current state of knowledge of nanocellulose in this format. Overall, the data seems to suggest that when investigated under realistic doses and exposure scenarios, nanocellulose has a limited associated toxic potential, albeit certain forms of nanocellulose can be associated with more hazardous biological behavior due to their specific physical characteristics