Pengaruh Promosi Terhadap Volume Penjualan Pada CV. Rown Division Surakarta

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui: Pengaruh biaya promosi yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Pengaruh promosi yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas secara parsial terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Pengaruh promosi yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas secara simultan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan. Diantara variabel-variabel promosi, yang terdiri dari biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas manakah yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan pada CV. Rown Division. Penelitian dilakukan di CV. Rown Division Surakarta di Jl. Adi Soecipto No. 1 Manahan, Banjarsari. Data diperoleh data sekunder, yaitu data laporan keuangan bagian promosi periode tahun 2010. Sampel adalah data laporan keuangan yang berjumlah 12 data mulai Januari – Desember 2012. Metode analisis menggunakan: Uji regresi linear berganda, Uji hipotesis, yaitu uji t, uji F dan uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Hasil uji regresi linear berganda diperoleh nilai koefisien regresi positif, sehingga disimpulkan jika biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas dinaikkan maka menaikkan volume penjualan. Hasil uji t menunjukkan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya periklanan terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 3,003 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,020. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya promosi penjualan terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 2,615 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,035. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya personal selling terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 6,022 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,001. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial biaya publisitas terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan nilai thitung sebesar 3,511 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,010. Hasil uji F diperoleh bahwa biaya periklanan, promosi penjualan, personal selling dan publisitas secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume penjualan, dibuktikan diperolehnya nilai Fhitung = 222,094 dan signifikansi 0,000. Variabel biaya personal selling merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan

Special Memory for Addition to Process Emulation Ibm Pc / Xt

To avoid errors charging program into the EPROM emulator created a device as a temporary substitute for the position of the EPROM emulator. This tool serves as a pilot program before it is loaded into the EPROM emulator. Because this type of equipment, including types of memory devices, then to occupy the memory address of the IBM PC / XT had to be recognized and this address is not used by other memory devices. To berkomnukasi with the IBM PC system required interfacing and programming language that can be directly translated by the IBM PC system

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Kompensasi, Kedisiplinan dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja di PT. Jerapah

This study aims to determine the influence of leadership style, compensation, discipline, and work environment Against Job Satisfaction At PT Jerapah. The sample in this research is employees who work in PT Jerapah which amounted to 45 respondents. Sampling technique in this research is by purposive sampling. Data analysis method used is multiple linier regression analysis test with t test, F test, and coefficient of determination (R2). From hypothesis test showed that leadership style (thitung = 2,637), compensation (thitung = 2,117), and work discipline (thitung = 5,720) have a significant influence on job satisfaction while work environment variable has no significant effect on job satisfaction = 0.745). In the F test shows that together variables of leadership style, compensation, work discipline, and work environment have a significant effect on job satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 78,9

The impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on HIV epidemics in Africa and India: A simulation study

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising new HIV prevention method, especially for women. An urgent demand for implementation of PrEP is expected at the moment efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical trials. We explored the long-term impact of PrEP on HIV transmission in different HIV epidemics. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used a mathematical model that distinguishes the general population, sex workers and their clients. PrEP scenarios varying in effectiveness, coverage and target group were modeled in the epidemiological settings of Botswana, Nyanza Province in Kenya, and Southern India. We also studied the effect of condom addition or condom substitution during PrEP use. Main outcome was number of HIV infections averted over ten years of PrEP use. PrEP strategies with high effectiveness and high coverage can have a substantial impact in African settings. In Southern India, by contrast, the number of averted HIV infections in different PrEP scenarios would be much lower. The impact of PrEP may be strongly diminished or even reversed by behavioral disinhibition, especially in scenarios with low coverage and low effectiveness. However, additional condom use during low coverage and low effective PrEP doubled the amount of averted HIV infections. Conclusions/Significance: The public health impact of PrEP can be substantial. However, this impact may be diminished, or even reversed, by changes in risk behavior. Implementation of PrEP strategies should therefore come on top of current condom campaigns, not as a substitution

Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa

Background: Recent clinical trials in Africa, in combination with several observational epidemiological studies, have provided evidence that male circumcision can reduce HIV female-to-male transmission risk by 60% or more. However, the public health impact of large-scale male circumcision programs for HIV prevention is unclear. Methods: Two mathematical models were examined to explore this issue: a random mixing model and a compartmental model that distinguishes risk groups associated with sex work. In the compartmental model, two scenarios were developed, one calculating HIV transmission and prevalence in a context similar to the country of Botswana, and one similar to Nyanza Province, in western Kenya. Results: In both models, male circumcision programs resulted in large and sustained declines in HIV prevalence over time among both men and women. Men benefited somewhat more than women, but prevalence among women was also reduced substantially. With 80% male circumcision uptake, the reductions in prevalence ranged from 45% to 67% in the two "countries", and with 50% uptake, from 25% to 41%. It would take over a decade for the intervention to reach its full effect. Conclusion: Large-scale uptake of male circumcision services in African countries with high HIV prevalence, and where male circumcision is not now routinely practised, could lead to substantial reductions in HIV transmission and prevalence over time among both men and women

The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MIK2/LRR-KISS connects cell wall integrity sensing, root growth and response to abiotic and biotic stresses

Plants actively perceive and respond to perturbations in their cell walls which arise during growth, biotic and abiotic stresses. However, few components involved in plant cell wall integrity sensing have been described to date. Using a reverse-genetic approach, we identified the Arabidopsis thaliana leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MIK2 as an important regulator of cell wall damage responses triggered upon cellulose biosynthesis inhibition. Indeed, loss-of-function mik2 alleles are strongly affected in immune marker gene expression, jasmonic acid production and lignin deposition. MIK2 has both overlapping and distinct functions with THE1, a malectin-like receptor kinase previously proposed as cell wall integrity sensor. In addition, mik2 mutant plants exhibit enhanced leftward root skewing when grown on vertical plates. Notably, natural variation in MIK2 (also named LRR-KISS) has been correlated recently to mild salt stress tolerance, which we could confirm using our insertional alleles. Strikingly, both the increased root skewing and salt stress sensitivity phenotypes observed in the mik2 mutant are dependent on THE1. Finally, we found that MIK2 is required for resistance to the fungal root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Together, our data identify MIK2 as a novel component in cell wall integrity sensing and suggest that MIK2 is a nexus linking cell wall integrity sensing to growth and environmental cues

Aquaporin water channels in the nervous system.

The aquaporins (AQPs) are plasma membrane water-transporting proteins. AQP4 is the principal member of this protein family in the CNS, where it is expressed in astrocytes and is involved in water movement, cell migration and neuroexcitation. AQP1 is expressed in the choroid plexus, where it facilitates cerebrospinal fluid secretion, and in dorsal root ganglion neurons, where it tunes pain perception. The AQPs are potential drug targets for several neurological conditions. Astrocytoma cells strongly express AQP4, which may facilitate their infiltration into the brain, and the neuroinflammatory disease neuromyelitis optica is caused by AQP4-specific autoantibodies that produce complement-mediated astrocytic damage

Remifentanil patient controlled analgesia versus epidural analgesia in labour. A multicentre randomized controlled trial

Contains fulltext : 109349.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pain relief during labour is a topic of major interest in the Netherlands. Epidural analgesia is considered to be the most effective method of pain relief and recommended as first choice. However its uptake by pregnant women is limited compared to other western countries, partly as a result of non-availability due to logistic problems. Remifentanil, a synthetic opioid, is very suitable for patient controlled analgesia. Recent studies show that epidural analgesia is superior to remifentanil patient controlled analgesia in terms of pain intensity score; however there was no difference in satisfaction with pain relief between both treatments. METHODS/DESIGN: The proposed study is a multicentre randomized controlled study that assesses the cost-effectiveness of remifentanil patient controlled analgesia compared to epidural analgesia. We hypothesize that remifentanil patient controlled analgesia is as effective in improving pain appreciation scores as epidural analgesia, with lower costs and easier achievement of 24 hours availability of pain relief for women in labour and efficient pain relief for those with a contraindication for epidural analgesia.Eligible women will be informed about the study and randomized before active labour has started. Women will be randomly allocated to a strategy based on epidural analgesia or on remifentanil patient controlled analgesia when they request pain relief during labour. Primary outcome is the pain appreciation score, i.e. satisfaction with pain relief.Secondary outcome parameters are costs, patient satisfaction, pain scores (pain-intensity), mode of delivery and maternal and neonatal side effects.The economic analysis will be performed from a short-term healthcare perspective. For both strategies the cost of perinatal care for mother and child, starting at the onset of labour and ending ten days after delivery, will be registered and compared. DISCUSSION: This study, considering cost effectiveness of remifentanil as first choice analgesia versus epidural analgesia, could strongly improve the care for 180.000 women, giving birth in the Netherlands yearly by giving them access to pain relief during labour, 24 hours a day. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Dutch Trial Register NTR2551, http://www.trialregister.nl

Mucus extravasation and retention phenomena: a 24-year study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucoceles are benign lesions related to the minor salivary glands and their respective ducts frequently affecting oral structures which are generally asymptomatic. Mucoceles are generally characterized by swollen nodular lesions preferentially located on the lower lip and differ from the so-called ranulas, which are lesions located on the floor of the mouth and related to the sublingual or submandibular glands.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The objective of the present study was to analyze data such as age, gender, race and site of the lesion of 173 mucocele cases diagnosed at the Discipline of Stomatology, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP, over a period of 24 years (April 1980 to February 2003).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 173 cases analyzed, 104 (60.12%) were females and 69 (39.88%) were males. Age ranged from 4 to 70 years (mean ± SD: 17 ± 9.53) and most patients were in the second decade of life (n = 86, 49.42%); white (n = 124, 71.68%). The lower lip was the site most frequently affected by the lesions (n = 135, 78.03%), whereas the lowest prevalence was observed for the soft palate, buccal mucosa, and lingual frenum.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, mucoceles predominated in white female subjects in the second decade of life, with the lower lip being the most frequently affected site.</p