Modéliser pour prévoir les flux de polluants émis par un dispositif contenant des déchets

Une méthodologie d'étude du comportement en scénario de valorisation de déchets minéraux solidifiés/stabilisés est présentée. La méthodologie est basée sur des outils expérimentaux (des tests paramétriques et des essais de simulation du scénario) et des modèles de comportement. Le cas d'un bassin de stockage d'eau construit avec un matériau contenant des résidus d'épuration des fumées d'incinération d'ordures ménagères est présenté. L'influence de la carbonatation du lixiviat par le CO2 atmosphérique sur le relargage des éléments de constitution du matériau est étudiée. Un modèle de comportement est mis en place pour le cas étudié; il comporte trois niveaux : 1) le matériau (chimie et diffusion), 2) le lixiviat (chimie et convection), 3) l'absorption du CO2 dans le lixiviat. Plusieurs échelles d'expérimentation (tests de laboratoire, pilote de laboratoire, pilote de terrain) ont été mises en place pour l'étude du scénario et pour la validation du modèle de comportement. Le rôle de la modélisation est mis en avant par les résultats prévisionnels des simulations. Ainsi, pour le cas étudié, la carbonatation du système diminue la concentration du plomb dans l'eau du bassin par rapport à un scénario "bassin couvert". La carbonatation ne modifie pas le relargage des éléments solubles (Na, K, Cl) et détermine la spéciation du Ca dans le bassin et à la surface du matériau.The reuse of wastes and industrial residues should only be considered if we can assure that the environmental risks related to the planned use remain acceptable. The assessment and development of methodologies and tools used in evaluating the long-term release of pollutants from materials containing wastes is an area of research that is expanding. These methods depend on not only the characteristics of the materials (especially physical structure and composition) but also contact with both water and the reactive atmosphere.The methodological standard ENV 12 920 is fundamental in the definition of the European approach, which involves the intrinsic and dynamic characterisation of the material/scenario couple in order to model the time-dependent source term. The main steps of the methodology are: 1) definition of the problem and the solution sought; 2) description of the scenario; 3) description of the waste; 4) determination of the influence of parameters on leaching behaviour; 5) modelling of leaching behaviour and 6) behavioural model validation.The reuse scenario considered in the paper was a storage tank open to the atmosphere including material leaching, carbonation and contact with air. The reservoir content was composed of a mixture of hydraulic binders and air pollution control residues from a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator. Modelling of the source term (the reservoir material) was performed in several steps ranging from the physico-chemical characterisation of the material to the validation of the proposed model by field simulation devices.An experimental "toolbox" consisting of equilibrium dissolution tests and a dynamic leaching test was used. The experimental data supplied by the tests are the necessary input parameters for the behavioural model and give information about the release mechanisms. Identification of the main transfer mechanisms indicates that the release of soluble pollutants is the combined result of diffusional transfer of pollutants in the solution and the physico-chemical specificity of the species.A physico-chemical and transport model has been developed for the long-term prediction of environmental leaching behaviour of porous materials containing inorganic waste solidified with hydraulic binders and placed in a reuse scenario. The model includes the source term, the leachate and the gas/liquid interface. The source term considers the main chemical equilibria (a simplified system) occurring in the interstitial water of the porous material. The consideration of the base content of the material, and the experimental determination of the solubility of heavy metals in the pore water, ensure a good representation of the metal release. The source term also includes diffusion in the porous system, which is considered the main transport phenomenon.The leachate component considers chemical reactions that occur in the leachate. Many competitive dynamic processes (fluxes of mobile species coming from or penetrating into the material, gas absorption) take place in the leachate. Mass transport by convection of the leachate is also considered. Finally, the gas/liquid interface includes absorption with chemical reactions of carbon dioxide.The physico-chemical parameters (initial element content, lead solubility and diffusion coefficient) of the model with respect to the source term were estimated using laboratory leaching tests. The gas/liquid mass transfer coefficient was estimated for each pilot. The simulation results agree with the two scales of experimental data: laboratory scale (volume of reservoir 80 L) and field tests (20 m3). No scale effect was observed as the intensity of the absorption phenomenon was virtually the same.Experimental data and simulations show the main trends for the release of elements contained in the material: 1) The results obtained show that air carbonation of the leachate does not fundamentally change mass transfer mechanisms of easily soluble species (especially for alkaline metals). For these species, the use of the apparent diffusional model is a satisfactory solution for the prediction of long-term leaching behaviour. 2) The release of Ca and Pb was governed by chemical equilibria in pore water and diffusion whereas their speciation in the leachate was determined by pH and the presence of carbonate ions. 3) A carbonation front appears at the leachate/material interface and progresses into the material. 4) The target metal (lead) has a weak release (non-detectable by the analytical method used) for the study period. 5) Simulations of similar scenarios but without carbonation (a closed reservoir) predicts a higher concentration of lead than in the studied scenario.Model estimations may be enhanced by a better knowledge of the source term (particularly the mineralogy and chemistry) and by an exhaustive listing of external factors acting in each scenario. In this study, factors such as the biological activity or temperature fluctuations were not taken into account. The general methodology used is based on several indispensable steps that lead to an environmental assessment of materials containing wastes destined for reuse scenarios. The necessary tools (experimental tests and mathematical models) are however specific for categories of materials (wastes) and types of scenarios.A new generation of decision-making tools, based on modelling and simulation results, can complete, or even replace, the normalised procedures that mainly focus on laboratory experimental data

Gen Z Climate Being : podcast series on youth, climate emotions, and affective climate justice

My project is a co-created 6 part podcast series with youth and the program lead from the Climate Mental Health Network’s Gen Z Advisory Board informed by affective climate justice, youth, mental health and education. This work foregrounds the embodied climate knowing and being of youth climate activists, offers ideas for a different relationship to climate change and climate education futures. In this podcast, Gen Zers speak to the youth mental health crisis as it relates to climate. My thesis project engages with and invites conversations that reflect the climate itself, which is non-linear, complex, porous, creative, expansive, and woven through our everyday worlds (Verlie, 2022). The project offers a contribution to the climate story and to the emerging field of climate mental health and Gen Z climate emotions. This project does not offer neat climate solutions but welcomes in the active becoming of thinking and sharing out loud together as climate beings in a climate changed and changing world

Makroekonomiczne tło sukcesu w gospodarce

The article describes the problem of assessing success in the economy, carried out and evaluated in various areas: global (scientific and technical revolution and knowledge based economy), regional and political (state and democracy). Because in the modern world economic success requires appropriate knowledge, the problem of knowledge management and the problem of stakeholders operating in the knowledge sector have been analyzed. The article ends with a discussion of abandonments in Polish science and technology policy and an indication of the lack of a clear vision of our country’s development.W artykule podjęto problem oceny sukcesu w gospodarce, dokonywanego i ocenianego w różnych płaszczyznach: globalnej (rewolucja naukowo-techniczna i gospodarka oparta na wiedzy), regionalnej oraz politycznej (państwo i demokracja). Ponieważ we współczesnym świecie sukces gospodarczy wymaga odpowiedniej wiedzy, podjęto problem zarządzania wiedzą oraz problem interesariuszy funkcjonujących w sektorze wiedzy. Artykuł kończą omówienie zaniechań w polskiej polityce naukowo-technicznej oraz wskazanie na brak klarownej wizji rozwoju naszego kraju

ReSICLED: a new recovery-conscious design method for complex products based on a multicriteria assessment of the recoverability

Significant improvements in end-of-life complex product recovery can be accomplished when recovery aspects are better integrated at the design stage of products. This paper introduces a new method that should allow design teams to produce better recovery-conscious designs, i.e. to integrate the complexity and the variability of recovery routes and to make recoverability more tangible to designers. The main methodological aspects of the new method are presented based on an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of existing methods. In particular, the original multiprocess modelling of recovery scenarios and the original quantitative, multicriteria and multiscenario assessment of the recoverability of a product are detailed. On the basis of the assessment results, a design team is able to suggest design improvements. The implementation of the new method is simulated in real industrial practice. It is shown how the use of the method can bring significant gains in the product’s recoverability. Assets and drawbacks of the method are discussed.Région Rhône-Alpe

Neurovasculature of high and low tie ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery

PURPOSE: Controversy exists as to whether a high or low tie ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is the preferred technique in surgeries of the left colon and rectum. This study aims to contribute to the discussion as to which is the more beneficial technique by investigating the neurovasculature at each site. METHODS: Ten embalmed cadaveric donors underwent division of the inferior mesenteric artery at the level of the low tie. The artery was subsequently ligated at the root to render a section of tissue for histological analysis of the proximal (high tie), mid and distal (low tie) segments. RESULTS: Ganglia observed in the proximal end of seven specimens in the sample imply that there would be disruption to the innervation in a high tie procedure. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a high tie should be avoided if the low tie is oncologically viable

Distribution of vascular plant species in woodland patches of Ojców National Park (southern Poland) in relation to seed dispersal

Plant diaspore dispersal is a fundamental process affecting the development of forest vegetation and its natural regeneration, especially with regard to typical woodland species, which spread slowly and form short-term soil seed banks. Most of these species have poor seed dispersal mechanisms, which is the major cause of their very slow expansion. The following questions were asked: (i) is there a relationship between the age of a woodland and the presence of forest vascular plant species representing different seed dispersal types; (ii) how do the proportions change between species representing different seed dispersal types in relation to the age of woodland; (iii) what factors determine the presence of species representing a given seed dispersal type; (iv) which factors affect the presence and which ones influence the abundance of selected woodland species? A multiple regression models were developed based on data obtained from 144 woodland patches designated for the study. A probit regression analysis was performed for selected species exhibiting various seed dispersal models. Woodland plants of all seed dispersal types show a significant relationship with the age of woodland, starting from the strongest linkage: anemochores, myrmecochores, endozoochores, epizoochores, barochores, autochores. As the woodland ages, the proportion of forest myrmecochores and anemochores grows, whilst the proportion of autochores, epizoochores and endozoochores shrinks. Results obtained indicate that the direct proximity of ancient woodland has a major effect on the occurrence of more poorly dispersing plants in recent woodlands, such as myrmecochores and heavy anemochores

Zainteresowanie ochroną przyrody i historią botaniki w Polsce oraz pasja popularyzacji wiedzy przyrodniczej w twórczości Seweryna Józefa Krzemieniewskiego (1871–1945)

The aim of this paper is to present one of the pioneers of Polish microbiology, Seweryn Józef Krzemieniewski, as a scholar with humanistic and interdisciplinary interests. His work covered primarily the history of botany and was an important contribution to the development of this discipline in the interwar period in Poland. Krzemieniewski is the author of works analyzing the research of Michał Boym, a missionary in China, as well as of an article presenting the history of botany in Lviv. He also prepared biographies of Polish botanists, but not all of them were published. Additionally, the scientist was involved for several years in intensive work in nature conservation, which makes it possible to include him in the group of leading activists in this field in Poland of that period. Krzemieniewski’s belief in the fundamental importance of education for the development of conscious and environmentally sensitive society seems to be at the root of his humanistic activities, which is clearly visible in his published works. This idea is also reflected in his activities as a popularizer of natural science and a lecturer.Celem pracy jest przedstawienie sylwetki Seweryna Józefa Krzemieniewskiego, jednego z pionierów polskiej mikrobiologii, jako uczonego o zainteresowaniach humanistycznych i interdyscyplinarnych. Jego twórczość w tym obszarze objęła przede wszystkim historię botaniki wniosła ważny wkład w rozwój tej dyscypliny w Polsce, w okresie międzywojennym. Krzemieniewski jest autorem prac analizujących badania przyrodnicze misjonarza Michała Boyma, a także artykułu przedstawiającego historię botaniki w ośrodku lwowskim. Opracował również biogramy botaników polskich, nie wszystkie jednak zostały wydane drukiem. Ponadto uczony przez kilka lat angażował się w intensywne prace na rzecz ochrony przyrody, co pozwala zaliczyć go w tym okresie do grupy czołowych działaczy na tym polu w Polsce i wpisuje na karty historii ochrony przyrody. U podstaw humanistycznej działalności Krzemieniewskiego wydaje się leżeć jego przekonanie o podstawowym znaczeniu edukacji dla rozwoju świadomego i wrażliwego przyrodniczo społeczeństwa, co znajduje wyraźne odbicie w opublikowanych przez niego pracach. Ta idea ma również odzwierciedlenie w działaniach uczonego jako popularyzatora wiedzy przyrodniczej oraz wykładowcy. &nbsp