Energy-scaling behavior of intrinsic transverse-momentum parameters in Drell-Yan simulation

Data Availability: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use, and open access policy https://dx.doi.org/10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.7347.JDWH .A preprint version of the article is available on arXiv, arXiv:2409.17770v2 [hep-ph] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17770). [v2] Tue, 8 Apr 2025 23:23:48 UTC (450 KB). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/GEN-22-001 (CMS Public Pages). Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex). Report numbers: CMS-GEN-22-001, CERN-EP-2024-216An analysis is presented based on models of the intrinsic transverse momentum (intrinsic ) of partons in nucleons by studying the dilepton transverse momentum in Drell-Yan events. Using parameter tuning in event generators and existing data from fixed-target experiments and from hadron colliders, our investigation spans 3 orders of magnitude in center-of-mass energy and 2 orders of magnitude in dilepton invariant mass. The results show an energy-scaling behavior of the intrinsic parameters, independent of the dilepton invariant mass at a given center-of-mass energy.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotube and nanosilica on tensile properties of woven carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy composites fabricated using VARIM

The effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nanosilica on tensile behavior of woven carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy composites have been studied. Multi-scale composites with epoxy matrices modified with different MWCNT and nanosilica contents (0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 wt.%) have been fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM). The dispersion of the nanoparticles in the epoxy resin has been made using an ultrasound and high-speed shearing method. Incorporation of nanoparticles improved tensile behavior and this effect was more evident in the case of composites reinforced with 0.5 wt.% of MWNCT and nanosilica. Incorporating either of the tow nanoparticles at 0.9 wt.% leads to a decrease in the trend of tensile properties. Examination of fracture surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that by incorporating 0.9 wt.% of each nanoparticle, there are local MWCNT and nanosilica agglomerations within the composites. These nanoparticle-agglomerates reduced their potential strengthening effect in multi-scale composites containing 0.9 wt.% of nanoparticles. Also, SEM images showed that the MWCNTs and nanosilica enhanced the fiber–matrix interfacial strength and then by toughening the surrounding matrix, improved the strength and stiffness of multi-scale composites. </jats:p