Pendidikan Pada Masa Nabi (Proses Pembudayaan Manusia Di Era Makkah)

Education is the process to be treat like human whole. In the context of Islamic history, education has been going on since the time of the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca and Medina. Orientation of education in the era of the Prophet Muhammad was focused on the actualization of the values of monotheism. While the main strategy is through a good imitation. In general, the curriculum at different Mecca to Medina period. At the time of the Prophet in Mecca, the curriculum is more oriented to monotheism, whereas since the Prophet migrated to Medina, the Islamic education curriculum is more oriented to the things that are social and cultural. Prophet Muhammad was a successful teacher in fostering the learners to become qualified man (insan kamil). The success of the prophet education for its ability to reform the system of ignorance into the Islamic civilization in a period of less than 23 years.Key Word; Education in the era of the Prophet Muhammad PENDAHULUANSejarah pendidikan Islam, merupakan "satu cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pendidikan Islam, baik dari segi gagasan atau ide-ide, konsep, lembaga maupun operasionalisasi sejak zaman nabi Muhammad Saw. hingga saat ini". Dalam pandangan Asma Hasan Fahmi, dalam mempelajari pendidikan Islam, yang terpenting sekali dipelajari adalah mengenai lembaga pengajarannya dan sistemnya, kurikulum dan tujuannya, metode-metode mengajar dan cara-caranya.Pembicaraan mengenai pendidikan Islam tidak dapat dilepaskan dari dua hal yang sangat esensial dan menjadi dasar bagi tegaknya pondasi pendidikan Islam itu sendiri, kedua hal tersebut adalah al-Qur`an dan sunnah Rasulullah Saw. Sehingga tidaklah berlebihan apa yang dikemukakan Azyumardi Azra, bahwa berbicara mengenai sejarah pendidikan Islam, sama halnya dengan membicarakan Islam itu sendiri, sebab sejarah pendidikan Islam lahir bersamaan dengan lahirnya Islam itu sendiri yakni bila dipakai pengertian yang seluas-luasnya.Sebagaimana tergambar jelas dari judul, makalah ini akan mencoba memetakan beberapa prinsip yang mendasari pendidikan Islam yang telah dipancangkan tonggaknya oleh Rasulullah. Tetapi karena tema kajian ini juga sangat erat kaitannya dengan sejarah, maka pada bahagian awal dari makalah ini akan dikemukakan latar historis keberadaan masyarakat yang dihadap Rasulullah dan kemudian secara sepintas juga akan diuraikan bagaimanakah metode yang ditempuh Rasul dalam mensosialisasikan Islam di tengah-tengah masyarakatnya, sehingga akhirnya beliau berhasil menyemaikan benih-benih tauhid di tengah kemusyrikan yang telah melanda sebagian besar masyarakat yang dihadapinya pada saat priode Makkah

Ibm Kelompok Guru Pai SD Tentang Tata Cara Pencegahan Aksi Pendangkalan Akidah

Sejak 5 tahun terakhir, di Aceh telah berkembang berbagai aliran sesat yang berupaya mendangkalkan akidah masyarakat Aceh. Fenomena tersebut sangat meresahkan masyarakat karena sering menimbulkan konflik antar penganut aliran. Keberadaan aliran sesat bukan hanya terjadi di ibukota propinsi, tetapi juga di seluruh kabupaten/kota yang ada di Aceh termasuk ke wilayah mitra IbM. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan, mulai dari penetapan Pergub, Qanun Aliran Sesat, sampai kepada riset teoritis dan praktis yang dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak untuk mengantisipasi tersebarnya aliran sesat di Aceh. IbM kelompok guru PAI SD pada mitra 1 dan 2 diharapkan sebagai salah satu cara yang efektif dalam mengantisipasi penyebaran aliran sesat di Aceh, khususnya di kota Lhokseumawe. Guru PAI dianggap memiliki peran yang sangat strategis dalam menanamkan dasar-dasar akidah Islam bagi calon generasi muda sehingga tidak terpengaruh oleh berbagai budaya dan aliran yang menyesatkan. Secara umum kegiatan ini bertujuan menyelamatkan akidah masyarakat mitra yang berlandaskan al Qur\u27an dan hadis dengan cara membekali warga mitra dalam hal tata cara pencegahan aksi pendangkalan akidah. Fenomena pendangkalan akidah telah menimbulkan keresahan dan konflik di masyarakat, oleh karena itu, program IbM seperti ini dianggap urgen karena berupaya meminimalisir konflik demi terwujudnya Kenyamanan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Sedangkan target khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah; meningkatnya kesadaran warga mitra dalam pengamalan ibadah; meningkatnya karakter kepribadian warga mitra sehingga dapat menjadi uswatun hasanah bagi para peserta didiknya, dan meningkatnya wawasan warga mitra dalam hal tata cara antisipasi pendangkalan akidah. Luaran yang diharapkan dari program IbM ini adalah; berbentuk jasa, yaitu; kontribusi pemikiran bidang keagamaan; publikasi jurnal ilmiah lokal, dan buku ajar pendidikan agama Islam. Pemilihan mitra 1 dan 2 didasarkan pada hasil riset penulis bahwa di wilayah kota Lhokseumawe dan Aceh Utara telah terjadi aksi pendangkalan akidah yang dilakukan oleh berbagai aliran sesat. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan bidang aqidah Islam dan ibadah praktis, serta sosialisasi tata cara pencegahan upaya pendangkalan akidah bagi warga mitra 1 dan 2 yang seluruhnya berjumlah 65 orang guru PAI SD.Kata Kunci: Tata cara, antisipasi, pendangkalan, akidah, guru PAI SD PENDAHULUANAnalisis SituasiIbM antisipasi pendangkalan akidah merupakan suatu upaya mengimplementasikan hasil penelitian penulis yang berjudul “Persepsi ulama dayah dalam mencegah penyebaran aliran sesat di propinsi Aceh”. Pertimbangan pemilihan warga mitra adalah karena guru PAI di lembaga pendidikan dasar (SD) dianggap sangat berperan dalam menanamkan dasar-dasar akidah Islam bagi generasi muda. Oleh karena itu, upaya penguatan nilai-nilai akidah terhadap anak sejak dini yang dilakukan oleh para guru bidang studi PAI pada SD merupakan suatu agenda prioritas. IbM kelompok guru PAI di SD ini secara tidak langsung diharapkan mampu mengantisipasi fenomena pendangkalan akidah khususnya di kota Lhokseumawe, dan umumnya di propinsi Aceh

A hierarchical detection method in external communication for self-driving vehicles based on TDMA

Security is considered a major challenge for self-driving and semi self-driving vehicles. These vehicles depend heavily on communications to predict and sense their external environment used in their motion. They use a type of ad hoc network termed Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Unfortunately, VANETs are potentially exposed to many attacks on network and application level. This paper, proposes a new intrusion detection system to protect the communication system of self-driving cars; utilising a combination of hierarchical models based on clusters and log parameters. This security system is designed to detect Sybil and Wormhole attacks in highway usage scenarios. It is based on clusters, utilising Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to overcome some of the obstacles of VANETs such as high density, high mobility and bandwidth limitations in exchanging messages. This makes the security system more efficient, accurate and capable of real time detection and quick in identification of malicious behaviour in VANETs. In this scheme, each vehicle log calculates and stores different parameter values after receiving the cooperative awareness messages from nearby vehicles. The vehicles exchange their log data and determine the difference between the parameters, which is utilised to detect Sybil attacks and Wormhole attacks. In order to realize efficient and effective intrusion detection system, we use the well-known network simulator (ns-2) to verify the performance of the security system. Simulation results indicate that the security system can achieve high detection rates and effectively detect anomalies with low rate of false alarms

Resistance of citrus genotypes to Phyllocnitis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

The development and reproduction of the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were evaluated in six citrus genotypes in order to identify genotypes with resistance traits that could be applied in a program for the development of citrus varieties resistant to the citrus leafminer. Tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH, and 14h photophase). Seedlings of each genotype tested were infested with eggs obtained from a stock colony of CLM maintained on 'Cravo' lemon (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck), and the duration and survival of the eggs, larval and pupal stages, pupal size and weight, fecundity and longevity of adults, and sex ratio were evaluated. No influence was observed on the duration and survival of eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella. However, pupae obtained in the hybrid C x R4 were significantly smaller and lighter than pupae from the remaining treatments. Adult females from the hybrids C x R4 and C x R315 were the least fecund. However, the lowest value for the corrected reproductive potential (CRP) was recorded in the hybrid C x R315, suggesting that this genotype is the least favorable for the development and reproduction of CLM. On the other hand, the highest CRP value obtained in the 'Rugoso' lemon confirms the susceptibility of this genotype, indicating it as the most suitable for CLM.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-hak Pekerja Harian Lepas Di CV. Indojati Surakarta

The purpose of this study is to: First, describe the agreements and regulations applicable to non-permanent employees at CV. Indojati Surakarta; Second, analyze the rights and obligations of each party in the employment agreement between CV. Indojati Surakarta with non-permanent employees; Third, analyzing the legal responsibility if one party made a mistake or offense. This research is descriptive research that provides an overview of data as complete on methods or forms of legal protection against non-permanent employees at CV. Indojati Surakarta. This study uses normative legal approach. Data sources using primary data from interviews, observation, and literature study. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results showed that: First, treaties and regulations applicable to the Daily Worker Lepas International Airport (PHL) at CV. Indojati Surakarta showed that the PHL is not given an employment contract and no written agreement with the company, only in the form of an oral agreement. Work rules applicable to the PHL is the work rules as applicable to permanent workers; Second, the obligation PHL is obliged to carry out the work, obeying the order, pay a fine and compensation in case of damage to the product or equipment caused by worker error, and act as a good worker. PHL rights are earned in accordance with the duties and responsibilities, gain work uniform as much as 1 (one) sets in every 6 (six) months, receive other employment rights, obtain severance if terminated before the work is completed; Third, the mistakes made PHL CV. Indojati Surakarta is resigned prior labor agreement expired. Legal liability to PHL that making mistakes is completing an agreement that is mutually agreed upon, or change the amount of compensation in accordance with the agreement. Keywords: agreements and work rules, rights and obligations of non-permanent employee

A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh

© The Author(s). 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

Endotoxin and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also known as endotoxin, which represents the outer cell wall membrane of gram-negative bacteria has been implicated as the major bacterial bone-resorbing factor. Recently, the most prevalent form of clinically significant osteopenia and osteoporosis involves periodontitis and otitis media by gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the study is to evaluate circulating endotoxin levels and to study the association amongst endotoxin and bone turnover markers in a cohort of Saudi postmenopausal women with or without osteoporosis. We determined the levels of endotoxin, bone turnover markers, 25-OH vitamin D total and corrected calcium in 100 Saudi postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 100 women without osteoporosis were taken under the supervision of qualified physicians in the primary care centers in Riyadh. Serum endotoxin, NTx, osteocalcin, PTH, 25-OH vitamin D total and calcium were analyzed. Serum NTX and PTH levels in patients with osteoporosis were significant higher than controls. Serum endotoxin was significantly and positively associated with calcium in all subject and controls. Endotoxin was positively associated with NTX in both groups but not with osteocalcin, PTH or 25-OH vitamin D. Findings of the present study implicate a role for endotoxin-mediated inflammation in patients with osteoporosis

In situ hybridization for c-fos mRNA reveals the involvement of the superior colliculus in the propagation of seizure activity in genetically epilepsy-prone rats.

Previous work showed that bilateral lesions made between the inferior and superior colliculi reduced the severity of audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-9s), and indicated that the connections between these two structures are vital for the propagation of seizure activity. To determine the involvement of the superior colliculus (SC) in seizure propagation, GEPR-9s were given four audiogenic seizures within 1 h by ringing a loud bell, and their brains were processed 30 min later for in situ hybridization for c-fos mRNA. Brain sections from such rats showed dense labeling in both the dorsal cortex and external nucleus of the inferior colliculus. Labeling continued rostrally into the intermediate and deep layers of the SC and the periaqueductal gray region. In addition, other brain regions such as the amygdala, piriform cortex and dorsal endopiriform nucleus showed dense labeling for c-fos mRNA. Comparable increases were not observed in the brains of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats receiving auditory stimulation or in unstimulated GEPR-9s and SD rats, thereby indicating that increases in stimulated GEPR-9s are seizure-specific. This study provides further evidence that the SC is involved in the propagation of seizure activity in GEPR-9s, and also demonstrates the activation of other brain regions by audiogenic seizures

Marker hiding methods: Applications in augmented reality

© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.In augmented reality, the markers are noticeable by their simple design of a rectangular image with black and white areas that disturb the reality of the overall view. As the markerless techniques are not usually robust enough, hiding the markers has a valuable usage, which many researchers have focused on. Categorizing the marker hiding methods is the main motivation of this study, which explains each of them in detail and discusses the advantages and shortcomings of each. The main ideas, enhancements, and future works of the well-known techniques are also comprehensively summarized and analyzed in depth. The main goal of this study is to provide researchers who are interested in markerless or hiding-marker methods an easier approach for choosing the method that is best suited to their aims. This work reviews the different methods that hide the augmented reality marker by using information from its surrounding area. These methods have considerable differences in their smooth continuation of the textures that hide the marker area as well as their performance to hide the augmented reality marker in real time. It is also hoped that our analysis helps researchers find solutions to the drawbacks of each method. © 201