Comparative Study of Various Reactive MANET Protocols

Wireless ad hoc network acquired attention of research, as it does not require any infrastructure for its connectivity. So, it works independently with certain number of mobile nodes. The nodes used in the ad hoc are autonomous nodes which work as both the host and the route. The flexibility of nodes affects both the source and destination. Adaptive routing protocol establish specifically for the use of ad hoc environment that have at least one receiver .In this paper for the experimental purpose, Researcher studies about the adaptive routing protocol of the ad hoc network and compare its two protocol AODV which is a single path, loop free protocol while AOMDV uses multipath to communicate between single node and destination. Due to limited resources in MANETs the routing is vital issue

The Psychology Of Travel Behaviour In The Select Novels Of Emilybarr

The psychology of travel behaviour is a complex field that examines the cognitive, emotional, and social factors influencing an individual’s travel decisions and activities. This area of study may seek to comprehend the reasons behind their travel choices, planning processes, the motivations driving their journeys, and the overall travel experience. The psychology of travel behaviour continues to evolve, as global mobility increases and societal values shift. “Traveling tends to magnify all human emotions.” asserts Peter Hoeg, a Danish writer, unveiling the individual’s genuine reactions, preferences, and abilities amid travelling

PREDOMINANCE AND INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY ON GLYCEMIC AND LIPID INDICES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES SUBJECTS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Objective To investigate the existence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among type 2 diabetes, non-diabetes subjects and its effect on both glycemic and lipid profiles.MethodsA case control study was conducted on 200 subjects of both gender (100 type 2 diabetes and 100 non-diabetes individuals) aged 40 to 60 years. Fasting serum 25(OH) D levels, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), HbA1C, lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein TC/HDL and very low density lipoprotein were estimated. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated. Group comparisons were done by one way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test and Student's independent T test. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. Correlation was done by Pearson's analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results The average serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly (p<0.001) low in diabetes group. The prevalence of VDD and the percentage of insufficient and sufficient categories was significantly (p<0.001) high and low respectively in diabetes group. In the deficient category diabetes group had severe VDD with significantly low HDL and elevated triglycerides and there was an insignificant but negative association between serum vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL, TC / HDL and AIP among diabetes subjects.ConclusionThe occurrence of severe vitamin D deficiency coupled with the independent association of the same with the glycemic and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes may further add to the aggravation of complications Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Type 2 diabetes, Glycemic and lipid indice

Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activities of the Himalayan Cedar, Cedrus deodara Essential Oil and Its Fractions Against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Plants and plant-derived materials play an extremely important role in pest management programs. Essential oil from wood chips of Himalayan Cedar, Cedrus deodara (Roxburgh) Don (Pinales: Pinaceae), was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionated to pentane and acetonitrile from which himachalenes and atlantones enriched fractions were isolated. A total of forty compounds were identified from these fractions using GC and GC-MS analyses. Essential oils and fractions were evaluated for insecticidal activities against second instars of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), using a leaf dip method. All samples showed promising larvicidal activity against larvae of P. xylostella. The pentane fraction was the most toxic with a LC50 value of 287 µg/ml. The himachalenes enriched fraction was more toxic (LC50 = 362 µg/ml) than the atlantones enriched fraction (LC50 = 365 µg/ml). LC50 of crude oil was 425 µg/ml and acetonitrile fraction was LC50 = 815 µg/ml. The major constituents, himachalenes and atlantones, likely accounted for the insecticidal action. Present bioassay results revealed the potential for essential oil and different constituents of C. deodara as botanical larvicides for their use in pest management

The role of leptin in the respiratory system: an overview

Since its cloning in 1994, leptin has emerged in the literature as a pleiotropic hormone whose actions extend from immune system homeostasis to reproduction and angiogenesis. Recent investigations have identified the lung as a leptin responsive and producing organ, while extensive research has been published concerning the role of leptin in the respiratory system. Animal studies have provided evidence indicating that leptin is a stimulant of ventilation, whereas researchers have proposed an important role for leptin in lung maturation and development. Studies further suggest a significant impact of leptin on specific respiratory diseases, including obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome, asthma, COPD and lung cancer. However, as new investigations are under way, the picture is becoming more complex. The scope of this review is to decode the existing data concerning the actions of leptin in the lung and provide a detailed description of leptin's involvement in the most common disorders of the respiratory system

Significance of Scenario Based Learning Technique to Enhance the Reading skill

The research paper is about to enhance reading skill through Scenario Based Learning. To gain employability skills in the market driven society an associate language is necessary to survive in the present era. According to Krishnaswamy’s view teaching English in based on “The Market-Driven utilitarian function. One of the main important skill to seek employability is communication skills. It can be verbal communication or through mail. Corporate companies’ communication takes place through the mail conversation. So the employee must able to read and understand the language used for communication. To improve the receptive skills make the circumstances livelier and thought-provoking session. If the learners want to develop the receptive skill easily, the situation must create the pictorial imaginative scene in the process of listening and reading activity.  Scenario Based Learning is an emerging technique which helps to enhance the reading skill