Digital health behaviour change interventions targeting physical activity and diet in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: The number of cancer survivors has risen substantially due to improvements in early diagnosis and treatment. Health behaviours such as physical activity (PA) and diet can reduce recurrence and mortality, and alleviate negative consequences of cancer and treatments. Digital behaviour change interventions (DBCIs) have the potential to reach large numbers of cancer survivors. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of relevant studies identified by a search of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and CINAHL. Studies which assessed a DBCI with measures of PA, diet and/or sedentary behaviour were included. Results: 15 studies were identified. Random effects meta-analyses showed significant improvements in moderate-vigorous PA (7 studies; mean difference (MD) = 41 minutes per week; 95% CI: 12, 71) and body mass index (BMI)/weight (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.23; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.05). There was a trend toward significance for reduced fatigue and no significant change in cancer-specific quality of life (QoL). Narrative synthesis revealed mixed evidence for effects on diet, generic QoL and self-efficacy and no evidence of an effect on mental health. Two studies suggested improved sleep quality. Conclusions: DBCIs may improve PA and BMI among cancer survivors and there is mixed evidence for diet. The number of included studies is small and risk of bias and heterogeneity was high. Future research should address these limitations with large, high-quality RCTs, with objective measures of PA and sedentary time. Implications for cancer survivors: Digital technologies offer a promising approach to encourage health behaviour change among cancer survivors

Improved measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum at Daya Bay

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Search for a Light Sterile Neutrino at Daya Bay

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The muon system of the Daya Bay Reactor antineutrino experiment

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Cooperation among cancer cells: applying game theory to cancer

Cell cooperation promotes many of the hallmarks of cancer via the secretion of diffusible factors that can affect cancer cells or stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. This cooperation cannot be explained simply as the collective action of cells for the benefit of the tumour because non-cooperative subclones can constantly invade and free-ride on the diffusible factors produced by the cooperative cells. A full understanding of cooperation among the cells of a tumour requires methods and concepts from evolutionary game theory, which has been used successfully in other areas of biology to understand similar problems but has been underutilized in cancer research. Game theory can provide insights into the stability of cooperation among cells in a tumour and into the design of potentially evolution-proof therapies that disrupt this cooperation

Measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation based on 1230 days of operation of the Daya Bay experiment

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Improved Search for a Light Sterile Neutrino with the Full Configuration of the Daya Bay Experiment

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Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Bradyarrhythmias in Patients Screened for Atrial Fibrillation vs Usual Care:Post Hoc Analysis of the LOOP Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: There is increasing interest in heart rhythm monitoring and technologies to detect subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF), which may lead to incidental diagnosis of bradyarrhythmias.OBJECTIVE: To assess bradyarrhythmia prevalence and prognostic significance in persons screened for AF using implantable loop recorder (ILR) compared with unscreened persons.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a post hoc analysis of the Implantable Loop Recorder Detection of Atrial Fibrillation to Prevent Stroke (LOOP) randomized clinical trial, which took place in 4 sites in Denmark. Participants were 70 years or older without known AF but diagnosed with at least 1 of the following: hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, or prior stroke. Participants were recruited by letter invitation between January 31, 2014, and May 17, 2016. The median (IQR) follow-up period was 65 (59-70) months. Analysis took place between February and June 2022.INTERVENTIONS: ILR screening for AF with treatment of any bradyarrhythmia left to the discretion of the treating physician (ILR group) vs usual care (control group).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Adjudicated bradyarrhythmia episodes, pacemaker implantation, syncope, and sudden cardiovascular death.RESULTS: A total of 6004 participants were randomized (mean [SD] age, 75 [4.1] years; 2837 [47.3%] female; 5444 [90.7%] with hypertension; 1224 [20.4%] with prior syncope), 4503 to control and 1501 to ILR. Bradyarrhythmia was diagnosed in 172 participants (3.8%) in the control group vs 312 participants (20.8%) in the ILR group (hazard ratio [HR], 6.21 [95% CI, 5.15-7.48]; P &lt; .001), and these were asymptomatic in 41 participants (23.8%) vs 249 participants (79.8%), respectively. The most common bradyarrhythmia was sinus node dysfunction followed by high-grade atrioventricular block. Risk factors for bradyarrhythmia included higher age, male sex, and prior syncope. A pacemaker was implanted in 132 participants (2.9%) vs 67 (4.5%) (HR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.14-2.06]; P &lt; .001), syncope occurred in 120 (2.7%) vs 33 (2.2%) (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.56-1.22]; P = .34), and sudden cardiovascular death occurred in 49 (1.1%) vs 18 (1.2%) (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.64-1.90]; P = .71) in the control and ILR groups, respectively. Bradyarrhythmias were associated with subsequent syncope, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death, with no interaction between bradyarrhythmia and randomization group.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: More than 1 in 5 persons older than 70 years with cardiovascular risk factors can be diagnosed with bradyarrhythmias when long-term continous monitoring for AF is applied. In this study, ILR screening led to a 6-fold increase in bradyarrhythmia diagnoses and a significant increase in pacemaker implantations compared with usual care but no change in the risk of syncope or sudden death.</p

Independent measure of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 via neutron capture on hydrogen at Daya Bay

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Improved Measurement of Electron Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay

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