Organizational Concepts for Intensified Regional Cooperation in the Vienna Region

How to deal with regional disparities is a new challenge especially for the Vienna Region since Austria became a member of the European Community. The prevailing neo-liberal economic concept in the EC which primarily wants to demolish borders and bureaucratic obstacles in order to establish a large internal market is leading to a progressive integration of Europe. The recent development of polarisation and specialisation of main cities and urban agglomerations has consequences to the future urban system in Europe. Agglomerations on the external borders would probably get some problems. The federal system - the political administrative system and their advocates - on the one hand and the agencies for regional planning and regional policy aspects on the other are not necessarily congruent. This inner system needs renewal. 1st for the inner problems itself and 2nd a larger scale of sight is necessary for handling the competition between regions. Models of best practice are sought for the above mentioned developments. This led to an initiatve by the Federal Chamber of Labour as a local agent in 1994: A new model of regional cooperation for the Vienna Region was introduced. It proposes a bottom up strategy of policy making by demanding participation concepts inviting all local and regional agents and experts, institutionalized as well as voluntarily organized groups. The new circumstances concerning the neighbourhood to the middle and eastern European countries lead to the dimension of responsiblity and social conscience of agglomerations along these borders in the process of integration.

Organizational Concepts for Intensified Regional Cooperation in the Vienna Region

How to deal with regional disparities is a new challenge especially for the Vienna Region since Austria became a member of the European Community. The prevailing neo-liberal economic concept in the EC which primarily wants to demolish borders and bureaucratic obstacles in order to establish a large internal market is leading to a progressive integration of Europe. The recent development of polarisation and specialisation of main cities and urban agglomerations has consequences to the future urban system in Europe. Agglomerations on the external borders would probably get some problems. The federal system - the political administrative system and their advocates - on the one hand and the agencies for regional planning and regional policy aspects on the other are not necessarily congruent. This inner system needs renewal. 1st for the inner problems itself and 2nd a larger scale of sight is necessary for handling the competition between regions. Models of best practice are sought for the above mentioned developments. This led to an initiatve by the Federal Chamber of Labour as a local agent in 1994: A new model of regional cooperation for the Vienna Region was introduced. It proposes a bottom up strategy of policy making by demanding participation concepts inviting all local and regional agents and experts, institutionalized as well as voluntarily organized groups. The new circumstances concerning the neighbourhood to the middle and eastern European countries lead to the dimension of responsiblity and social conscience of agglomerations along these borders in the process of integration

Non-spectral interferences due to the presence of sulfuric acid in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Results of a systematic study concerning non-spectral interferences from sulfuric acid containing matrices on a large number of elements in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are presented in this work. The signals obtained with sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations (up to 5% w w− 1) have been compared with the corresponding signals for a 1% w w− 1− nitric acid solution at different experimental conditions (i.e., sample uptake rates, nebulizer gas flows and r.f. powers). The signals observed for 128Te+, 78Se+ and 75As+ were significantly higher when using sulfuric acid matrices (up to 2.2-fold for 128Te+ and 78Se+ and 1.8-fold for 75As+ in the presence of 5 w w-1 sulfuric acid) for the whole range of experimental conditions tested. This is in agreement with previously reported observations. The signal for 31P+ is also higher (1.1-fold) in the presence of sulfuric acid. The signal enhancements for 128Te+, 78Se+, 75As+ and 31P+ are explained in relation to an increase in the analyte ion population as a result of charge transfer reactions involving S+ species in the plasma. Theoretical data suggest that Os, Sb, Pt, Ir, Zn and Hg could also be involved in sulfur-based charge transfer reactions, but no experimental evidence has been found. The presence of sulfuric acid gives rise to lower ion signals (about 10–20% lower) for the other nuclides tested, thus indicating the negative matrix effect caused by changes in the amount of analyte loading of the plasma. The elemental composition of a certified low-density polyethylene sample (ERM-EC681K) was determined by ICP-MS after two different sample digestion procedures, one of them including sulfuric acid. Element concentrations were in agreement with the certified values, irrespective of the acids used for the digestion. These results demonstrate that the use of matrix-matched standards allows the accurate determination of the tested elements in a sulfuric acid matrix

Comportement de réclamation : comment limiter le risque de rupture de la relation client-fournisseur ?

L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en avant les éléments permettant de limiter le risque de rupture de la relation client-fournisseur. Une revue de la littérature en marketing sur les principaux modèles de dissolution de la relation permet de placer le comportement de réclamation à la frontière entre les relations stables et les relations menacées, c’est-à-dire à risque de rupture élevé. Le comportement de réclamation des clients industriels est donc analysé dans cette recherche comme un élément annonciateur de la rupture de la relation client-fournisseur. Pour vérifier cette proposition, une étude qualitative est menée auprès de commerciaux et de clients industriels, adoptant ce faisant une approche dyadique du phénomène. Les résultats montrent que le comportement de réclamation, lorsqu’il n’est pas traité par l’entreprise, peut être considéré comme un élément annonciateur de la rupture de la relation.The research aim is to point out the elements that can reduce buyer-seller relationship break-up. Regarding relationship dissolution models, we can expect complaint behavior to be precursor of relationship break-up. To verify this assumption, we conduct a qualitative study on buyers and sellers of a French company, analyzing the dyadic relationship. The results show that complaint behavior, when there is no recovery system, can be considered as a precursor of relationship break-up

The GoldenBricks assembly: A standardized one-shot cloning technique for complete cassette assembly

BBF RFC 92 proposes a new standard assembly method for the Parts Registry. The method makes one-shot cloning of a complete eukaryotic or prokaryotic cassette possible in one day while keeping compatibility with the BBF RFC 10 BioBrick assembly standard

Globales Lernen als Lernbereich im M.Ed. Grundschule an der Europa-Universität Flensburg. Ein Erfahrungsbericht

In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept des Lernbereiches Globales Lernen vorgestellt, der seit dem Sommersemester 2014 an der Europa-Universität Flensburg im Masterstudiengang Lehramt an Grundschulen institutionalisiert ist. Dabei wird verdeutlicht, wie der Lernbereich entstanden ist und wie er in die Gesamtstruktur des Masterstudiengangs eingebunden ist. Zudem wird das inhaltliche Konzept vorgestellt und die organisatorischen und inhaltlichen Erfahrungen werden kritisch reflektiert. (DIPF/Orig.)This article provides an introduction to the concept, history, organisational background, content, and structure of the study specialization Globales Lernen (Global Learning), which was introduced at Europa-Universität Flensburg in 2014 and has since been offered every summer term in the Master of Education for future Elementary School Teachers. The article looks at the institutional and conceptual challenges that this study specialization has to contend with and offers both an assessment of the programme as it is, as well as perspectives for future development and optimisation. (DIPF/Orig.

Un robot fun, sinon rien ! Quel robot dans l'univers des services ? Interrogations sur déterminants de la qualité de l'interaction homme robot dans la relation commerciale

Les robots apparaissent dans les espaces commerciaux et culturels. Cet article s’intéresse à leurs interactions avec les clients dans l’univers commercial. Si des travaux ont montré l’importance de la forme des robots, peu se sont intéressés à la déterminance de celle-ci dans la qualité de la relation commerciale. Au-delà des théories sur l’anthropomorphisme, la congruence entre la forme et la tâche assignée et celles sur l’acception des technologies, nos recherches s’intéressent aux émotions impliquées, et en particulier à la dimension ludique dans l’interaction sociale ressentie avec le robot. Celle-ci apparait comme un antécédent important à l’intention d’interagir avec le robot

From elastomers to thermoplasts – Precise control of isotactic propylene structure and properties and the role of different structural elements in its mechanical behaviour

Studies of polypropylene with different degrees of isotacticity have shown a way of the rational design of material with predetermined mechanical properties starting from the synthesis stage already – controlled introducement of stereodefects will allow the smooth adjustment of the Young's modulus and elasticity in the range from plastic to elastomer materials. It was also revealed that modern theoretical models of the elasticity can be successfully applied not only for the description of the mechanical behaviour of polymers, but also for better understanding of the mechanism of elasticity in them. While in the low crystalline materials deformation has Gaussian nature, in the materials of the intermediate crystallinity (30–40%) percolation takes place, and the cross-linking network becomes harder, manifesting the switch to the thermotropic behaviour of the material. Simultaneously the divide between cross- and slip-links becomes substantial, as an extensibility grows sharply

Synthesis of dihydroxy telechelic oligomers of β‐butyrolactone catalyzed by titanium(IV)‐alkoxides and their use as macrodiols in polyurethane chemistry

We report on a solvent‐free approach for the synthesis of low molecular weight, α,ω‐dihydroxy telechelic poly(β‐butyrolactone). In the presence of Ti(IV) alkoxides, mixtures of β‐butyrolactone and diols, like di‐ or triethylene glycol, were reacted in ratios between 4:1 and 10:1. The oligomerization proceeds at elevated temperatures (80-100°C). Different alkoxide substituents (R = Me, iPr, tBu) of the Ti(IV)(OR)4 catalyst were investigated. The resulting oligomers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infra‐red (IR), gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), titration, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐ToF‐MS) analysis. Aside from low molecular weight products, special effort was devoted to achieve high O‐acyl cleavage selectivity and to circumvent the formation of unsaturated end‐groups in order to form exclusively dihydroxy‐telechelic oligomers. Optimized results in terms of selectivity and reaction rates were achieved at 100°C using catalyst loadings of 0.2 mol% with respect to the monomer. The molecular weights determined by GPC were in good accordance with the ratio of monomer to diol used, confirming successful oligomer formation. Polyurethanes prepared from crude macrodiols without any additional catalyst feature molecular weights up to 50,000 g/mol. The reported work serves as concept to utilize β‐lactones for tailored polyol synthesis; the resulting products are suitable for polyurethane chemistry.Covestro AG, German