DLIJETA ZA IZRADU VODORAVNIH BUŠOTINA

This paper underlines the importance of the correct drill bit application in horizontal wells. Afler the analysis of the peculiarities of horizontal wells and drainholes drilling techniques, advantages and disadvantages of the application of both roller cone and fixed cutters drill bits have been discussed. Also, a review of the potential specific featuries useful for a correct drill bit selection in horizontal small diameter holes has been highlighted. Drill bits for these special applications, whose importance is quickly increasing nowadays, should be characterised by a design capable to deliver a good penetration rate low WOB, and, at the same time, be able to withstand high RPM without premature cutting structure failure and undergauge. Formation properties will also determine the cutting structure type and the eventual specific features for additional gauge and shoulder protection.Rad naglašava značenje uporabe odgovarajućih dlijeta u vodoravnim bušotinama. Nakon analize osobitosti tehnologije izrade vodoravnih i bočnih drenažnih bušotina, razmotrene su pogodnosti i nepogodnosti uporabe bilo žrvanjskih dlijeta, bilo tzv. kompaktnih, tj. dlijeta s nepokretnim sjekačima. Također, naglašeno su prikazani potencijali osobitih oblika pogodnih pri odabiru dlijeta za izradu vodoravnih bušotina malog promjera. Dlijeta za ove posebne namjene, čije se značenje u suvremenim uvjetima brzo povećava, karakterizirana su konstrukcijama koje omogućavaju velike napretke bušenja uz mala opterećenja dlijeta, a istovremeno izdrže i velike brzine okretanja bez brzog habanja radnih površina i bokova. Osobitosti bušenih stijena također određuju odabir strukture radnih površina i možebitne posebne oblike zaštite bokova dlijeta

L'Ingegneria della Grande Guerra 1915-1918. Incontro di studio e mostra bibliografica sugli aspetti tecnologici del primo conflitto mondiale

Il volume raccoglie gli atti e i materiali di un seminario di studi e di una mostra bibliografica tenutisi in occasione del primo centenario della Grande guerra presso la Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Università di Bologna. Gli interventi indagano l’applicazione e lo sviluppo, in ambito bellico, di tecnologie ingegneristiche che da un lato espressero un tragico potenziale distruttivo, dall’altro ebbero nel conflitto un’occasione di sviluppo. Vi si tratta dell’importanza strategica del petrolio come carburante per navi, carrarmati e aerei e come fonte di energia per le fabbriche, dello sviluppo delle tecniche di mappatura del territorio, la fotogrammetria aerea, delle nuove drammatiche modalità di combattimento e costruzione di ordigni bellici, senza trascurare il più generale contesto dello sviluppo industriale italiano legato alla produzione di armamenti. In appendice si pubblica il catalogo dell’esposizione, tenutasi nell’atrio della Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura, progettata negli anni ’30 dall’architetto Giuseppe Vaccaro. Questa parte del volume indaga l’interesse tecnico-scientifico dei professori e degli studenti della Scuola d’applicazione per gli ingegneri di Bologna verso il conflitto mondiale; vi sono descritti alcuni documenti bibliografici conservati nelle raccolte storiche della Biblioteca Interdipartimentale di Ingegneria e Architettura. Inoltre lo spoglio della documentazione amministrativa conservata presso l’Archivio Storico dell’Università di Bologna ha fatto riemergere il coinvolgimento umano e l’interesse più generale della comunità, che alla Scuola faceva riferimento: l’entusiasmo degli studenti desiderosi di partecipare al conflitto, lo strazio dei molti lutti e la celebrazione della memoria dei caduti

Geological and engineering heritage of Lungro rock salt (Calabria, Italy)

Nearby the municipality of Lungro (Calabria) is the longest-running Italian rock salt mine, exploited almost continuously from antiquity until 1978. The mining activity is recorded since the Middle Ages, although archaeological studies suggest that salt production by near-surface excavation dates to the Greek and Roman civilization or even to prehistoric times. During the Middle Ages, mining methods pointed to the maximum profit, and the salt deposit, rather than being rationally mined, was exploited vertically, following the winding path of high-quality salt layers. This approach led to troubles such as rock instability, inadequate ventilation and water infiltration, that characterised the site up to its recent abandonment. Although the mine was partially renovated at the end of the 19th century, both in its structure and work organization, a steep decline began. Easy access to the underground works was never solved: still in the 1970’s, two of the eight working hours of each daily shift were spent reaching the workplace, as there were over 2000 steps to walk. Poor mining methods persisted throughout the 20th century, leading to its abandonment in 1978

Antonio Stoppani: the founder of Italian geology on the bicentenary of his birth.

<p>Antonio Stoppani (1824-1891), since his young age, was captivated by nature, particularly rocks and minerals. Professor of Latin grammar at the seminary of Seveso (Milan, Italy), he soon resumed his interests in geology and natural sciences.</p> <p>Stoppani curated a valuable palaeontological collection and published the first geological description of Lombardy. After the Italian Unification in 1861, he played a vital role in modernizing the Kingdom of Italy and resumed his teaching activity as Professor of Geology at Pavia University (1861) and then at the “Istituto Tecnico Superiore” of Milan. While his extensive body of work is commendable, Stoppani's most renowned publication is “Il Bel Paese” (Il Bel Paese: conversations on the natural beauty, geology, and physical geography of Italy, 1876).</p> <p>He integrated his initial studies in religious philosophy, delving into the relationship between science and faith, which culminated in the publication of his seminal essay "Dogma and the Positive Sciences". His final work, “New essay of an exegesis of the history of creation according to reason and faith”, encapsulated the culmination of his lifelong research.</p> <p>Stoppani’s legacy is not only defined by his groundbreaking contributions to Italy's geological and palaeontological knowledge but also by his civic perseverance and efforts towards constructing a modern society.</p&gt

Principi di funzionamento dei sistemi elettronici di identificazione e classificazione degli odori ("nasi elettronici")

Nella società attuale, il problema dell’inquinamento è diventato sempre più all’ordine del giorno. I paesi, in particolare quelli più sviluppati economicamente che appartengono al G20, riunitisi a Roma il 30/10/2021 hanno stabilito un fondo di cento miliardi di euro per la lotta ai cambiamenti climatici. Questa decisione è lo specchio dell’interesse dei cittadini, i quali si sono sensibilizzati sempre più nella lotta allo spreco e all’inquinamento. In questa trattazione viene analizzato uno strumento definito come “naso elettronico” che in futuro potrebbe rivoluzionare i metodi di rilevazione degli inquinanti, in particolare quelli odorigeni. La necessità di ridurre le emissioni ha fatto si che negli ultimi anni si siano investite ingenti somme di denaro per la sperimentazione e l’implementazione di nuovi dispositivi per la rilevazione di inquinanti più veloci, precisi e performanti. In particolare, diversi studi hanno reso utilizzabile e con discreti risultati il naso elettronico. Di seguito verranno analizzati la struttura, le componenti principali, i campi di impiego e la lavorazione software per il riconoscimento delle sostanze del naso elettronico

I viaggi di Giovanni Capellini nei Principati Danubiani (1864-1865): un inedito diario geologico del XIX Secolo

Giovanni Capellini (La Spezia, 23 August 1833 - Bologna, 28 May 1922) is recognized as one of the Italian founders of the modern geological sciences. Professor of Geology at the University of Bologna, his innate qualities as manager and coordinator were combined with a penchant to overcome a provincial vision of scientific problems. During his life, he gave the Bologna Geological Institute an international organization and also relaunched the whole University that was being built at the end of the 19th Century with a keen eye on worldwide relationships among scholars. During his intense academic life, he also dealt with petroleum geology, a field still in its infancy at the time. Capellini was engaged in this activity as an academic consultant on behalf of domestic and foreign oil companies. A recent survey of the archival sources of the Geological Collection “Giovanni Capellini Museum” of the University of Bologna, confirmed the existence of a manuscript, the travelogue of Capellini’s journeys to Wallachia, two field trips that he organized in 1864 and 1865 as a consultant to a London oil company. In fact, Wallachia, together with Italy, was the European region where hydrocarbons exploration developed the most, immediately after the North American oil boom of 1859. This travelogue was never published or transcribed, and so the centenary of Capellini’s death (2022), celebrated in Bologna and in La Spezia, was the opportunity for me to bring this document back to light: in fact, the complete transcription of the manuscript is attached at the end of the paper. The travelogue contains stratigraphic sketches, geographical and geomorphological considerations, and various drafts of geological sections, i.e., the typical contents of the surveyor geologist field notebook, nonetheless it is also structured as an agenda of daily notes, a sort of travel diary, albeit minimal in its narrative structure. More important, it offers a first-hand account of the multifaceted activity of a young researcher and scientist already fully integrated into the European cultural milieu

Security Management of Offshore Oil&Gas Installations: the Italian Experience

Offshore Oil&Gas installations face unique security challenges due to their remote and often vulnerable nature, as dramatically confirmed by the large number of past incidents occurred worldwide in the offshore sector. This paper delves into the security management of these installations, with the specific focus on the Italian context. It explores the strategies implemented by Italian authorities and industry stakeholders to address security challenges in the offshore sector, pointing out the regulatory framework and industry standards. Additionally, the paper discusses methodologies for conducting a security risk assessment in offshore Oil&Gas facilities and identifies best practices for the adoption of security measures to enhance security resilience in this sector. By leveraging the Italian experience, this paper aims at providing insights and practical recommendations regarding the security management of offshore operations

Assessing the Security of Offshore Oil gas Installations Using Adversary Sequence Diagrams

Offshore Oil&Gas fluid production installations may be the target of intentional malicious acts (security attacks) carried out by adversaries of different nature and different motivations which may generate major events with severe consequences on workers, the environment and the property. The current study reviews the state of the art concerning the security of Offshore Oil&Gas operations, which is typically addressed according to best practices and qualitative or semi-quantitative methods. However, systematic approaches or guidelines in support of the analysis are still lacking. The current study investigates the possibility of using Adversary Sequence Diagrams (ASDs) as Security Vulnerability/Risk Assessment (SVA/SRA) supporting tools. A case study addressing a fixed Offshore Oil&Gas fluid production platform proved the ability of ASDs to provide credible attack modes within the Physical Protection System (PPS) that the adversaries have to perform in order to accomplish their objectives, as well as the security barriers that can potentially be effective in delaying and detecting the attacks, which are information required by SVA/SRA studies

A serpente e os “fantasmas”. Algumas observações sobre a imagem a partir de Aby Warburg

 In 1895 Aby Warburg traveled to the United States where he maintained contact with the indigenous people of the New Mexico region, known as Pueblo Indians.En 1895 Aby Warburg viajó a los Estados Unidos donde mantuvo contacto con los pueblos indígenas de la región de Nuevo México, conocidos como Indios Pueblo. Em 1895 Aby Warburg viajou aos Estados Unidos onde manteve contato com os povos indígenas da região do Novo México, conhecidos como Índios Pueblos.&nbsp