Consumo de nutriente em cordeiros alimentados com torta de dendê.

Objetivou-se determinar o nível ideal da torta de dendê na dieta, por intermédio de consumo. O experimento foi conduzido no aprisco da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFBA, Salvador-BA, com duração de 80 dias. Foram utilizados trinta e dois cordeiros de raça Santa Inês, com peso vivo inicial de aproximadamente 22 kg, entre quatro a seis meses de idade. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro níveis (0; 6,5; 13,0 e 19,5%) de inclusão de torta de dendê na matéria seca da dieta. As dietas foram fornecidas duas vezes ao dia (ás 9 e 16 h), na forma de ração total, em quantidade ajustada para ocorrer 10 a 20% das sobras. Os consumos de matéria seca, de matéria orgânica, de proteína bruta e de carboidratos nãofibrosos seguiram comportamento linear decrescente com adição dos níveis de torta de dendê na dieta (p0,05)

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Environmental impacts of wine production in a company in the Vinho Verde Region in Portugal

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáWine is a beverage made from grape juice or just grapes, and is one of the oldest biotechnological processes, with a history of over 8000 years. In recent times, besides the efforts to improve the quality of the product, there has been a huge concern regarding the improvement in sustainability due to the growing recognition of the importance of this matter by the industry. In this context, the study aimed to assess the environmental impacts associated with the production of Vinho Verde, located in the Minho region, using a life cycle analysis (LCA) approach and sensitivity analysis, and thus identify a set of associated environmental impacts. The methodology adopted was based on the ISO 14044 (2006) for LCA, being performed using the GaBi software and the CML database and considering as impact categories the Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). The winemaking and bottling stages were considered, as well as upstream and downstream stages such as energy production, diesel production, product transportation, and others. The results were expressed in the functional unit of 0.75 L of wine. Thus, it was identified that the biggest contributor in the categories of impact for winemaking was the alcoholic fermentation process with 1.43E-08 kg Sb eq. in ADP, 2.76E-05 kg SO2 eq. in AP, 6.29E-05 kg PO4 eq. in EP and 2.56E-02 kg CO2 eq. in GWP. In bottling, in addition to the other contributors that previous studies pointed out, the technical stopper used stood out. Among the 3 products analysed, glass bottle, PET bottle and bag-in-box (BIB), BIB proved to be the most environmentally viable packaging, with 1.37E-08 kg Sb eq. in ADP, 1.10E-04 kg SO2 eq. in AP, 8.74E-05 kg PO4 eq. in EP and 2.07E-01 in GWP 2.56E-02 kg CO2 eq. Finally, the weight of glass bottles was the parameter most sensitive to variations between those established, indicating great influence on the environmental impact categories evaluated.O vinho é uma bebida feita do sumo da uva ou apenas da uva, sendo um dos processos biotecnológicos mais antigos, com uma história de mais de 8000 anos. Nos últimos tempos, além dos esforços para melhorar a qualidade do produto, tem havido uma maior preocupação relativamente a melhoria na sustentabilidade decorrente do crescente reconhecimento da importância desta temática por parte da indústria. Neste contexto o estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os impactes ambientais associados à produção do vinho verde, localizada na região do Minho, usando uma abordagem de análise do ciclo de vida (ACV) e análise de sensibilidade, e assim identificar um conjunto de impactes ambientais associados. A metodologia adotada teve por base a ISO 14044 (2006) para ACV, sendo utilizado o software GaBi e a base de dados CML, considerando como categorias de impacto o Potencial de Depleção Abiótica (ADP), Potencial de Acidificação (AP), Potencial de Eutrofização (EP) e Potencial de Aquecimento. Foram considerados os estágios de vinificação e engarrafamento e ainda as etapas a montante e jusante como: produção de energia, produção de diesel, transporte de produtos e outros. Os resultados foram expressos na unidade funcional de 0,75 L de vinho. Dessa forma, identificou-se que o maior contribuinte nas categorias de impacte para a vinificação foi o processo de fermentação alcoólica com 1,43E-08 kg Sb eq. em ADP, 2,76E-05 kg SO2 eq. em AP, 6,29E-05 kg PO4 eq. em EP e 2,56E-02 kg CO2 eq. em GWP. No engarrafamento destacou-se, para além daqueles de outros contribuintes que estudos prévios apontaram, a rolha técnica utilizada. Dentre os 3 produtos analisados, garrafa de vidro, garrafa PET e bag-in-box (BIB), a BIB mostrou-se a embalagem mais viável, com 1,37E-08 kg Sb eq. em ADP, 1,10E-04 kg SO2 eq. em AP, 8,74E-05 kg PO4 eq. em EP e 2,07E-01 em GWP 2,56E-02 kg CO2 eq. Por fim, o peso das garrafas de vidro foi o parâmetro que mostrou-se mais sensível a variações dentre os que foram analisados, indicando grande influência do mesmo sob as categorias de impacte ambiental avaliadas

The dynamics of the adoption and use of ICT-based initiatives for development: results of a field study in Mozambique

The research focused on examining the interplay between innovations in information and communication technology (ICT) in three different micro-level settings with broader development processes within the emerging global economy of Mozambique. There is a great deal of concern among different national governments, international and national agencies about the role of ICT in development. The question often asked is how we can understand the contribution of ICT initiatives to the socio-economic development of a country. This research was conducted as follows. First of all, the nature of the problem was analysed from four points of view: globalisation, focusing on the global-local debate, discourses around development, transfer of ICT-based innovations to developing countries and the relationship between IS/ICT and organisational change in the context of a developing country. Secondly, a literature survey was undertaken to discuss these issues. The results of the literature survey guided the empirical research undertaken in two organisations and one rural community in Mozambique. Thirdly, the results of the empirical work were analysed with regard to the four perspectives discussed earlier. The research objective required the development of a framework for understanding the process of the adoption and use of ICT-based initiatives for development. Theories such as Actor-Network Theory, the Human Environment Model and Structuration Theory form the basis of a framework that was constructed using the results of the fieldwork. The framework is composed of three levels of analysis: the micro-level analyses the ICT-related initiatives by using the sociology of the translation process from an ANT perspective and by applying the due process model. The meso-level examines the social context within which the ICT-related initiatives are implemented. For this purpose the human environment model (HEM) is used. Finally, the macro-level attempts to describe the interaction between the ICT-related initiatives and socio-economic development. This part of the framework is addressed by the application of the structuration theory and concepts related to sustainable development. The proposed framework can be used as an analytical tool to guide the analysis of the process of implementation of ICT-based initiatives in organisations and communities, and can also be applied as a normative tool to support the process of introducing a new ICT-based initiative in organisations or communities, especially within the context of developing countries. The author argues that the use of this framework can enhance the likelihood of achieving institutionalisation of an ICT-based initiative within a particular organisational setting. Appendices mostly in Portuguese.Dissertation (PhD (Information Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2004.Informaticsunrestricte

Composição químico-bromatológica da silagem de Tanzânia com niveis de farelo de trigo.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o melhor nível de inclusão do farelo de trigo na silagem de capim tanzânia com base nos parâmetros químico- bromatológicos. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFBA. Os tratamentos foram compostos por capim tanzânia (CT) cortado aos 46 dias, picado e acrescido de 8%; 16%; 24%; e 34% de farelo de trigo (FT), além do tratamento sem farelo adicional. Após a mistura, o material foi compactado em silos experimentais, que foram abertos após 60 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão. A adição de farelo de trigo melhorou os parâmetros químicos bromatológicos da silagem, elevando os teores de matéria seca e carboidratos não fibrosos, e reduzindo os níveis da porção fibrosa

Characterization and improvement of a direct solar radiation detector.

Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2004.A low-cost Direct Solar Radiation Detector (DSRD) was developed in house in the Department of Physics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville). A main use of this instrument is to gather solar energy data that are to be used in the design of systems that concentrate and convert solar energy into thermal energy (concentrating solar thermal energy systems). These data are compiled into a database from which the efficiency and potential use of many solar systems can be based. It was required that the detector was fully characterized with respect to spectral range, polar (angular) response and environmental stability. Based on this analysis it was also required to investigate possible ways of improving the detector. An Eppley Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (NIP) mounted on an Eppley Sun Tracker (ST) was used as a reference instrument. The ST is a power driven tracker with an axis parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation. The NIP and DSRD were mounted together on the tracker in order to correlate their responses and also to calibrate the DSRD. The results indicate that the modified DSRD works better in that it follows the reference instrument. The correlation between the NIP data and the DSRD data is better with the value of correlation factor close to unity and the root mean square error value close to zero. This means that the modifications carried out on the detector have improved the low cost in-house detector and hence the quality of data collected

Análise da evolução recente da fragmentação da paisagem do Parque Natural de Montesinho

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáO presente trabalho analisa a fragmentação da paisagem, nomeadamente das florestas de carvalho (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) no Parque Natural de Montesinho (PNM) localizado no nordeste de Portugal. O PNM é uma área Protegida muito importante para a preservação dos ecossistemas naturais e seminaturais da região. Estende-se por aproximadamente 75000 hectares e as características dos seus bosques de Quercus pyrenaica Willd., os carvalhais, representa um dos processos mais importantes para a manutenção da biodiversidade. Com o auxílio de softwares livres, como o QGIS e o FRAGSTATS, foi possível avaliar a configuração da paisagem desta área Protegida registrada em mapas de ocupação do solo com três origens distintas: Corine Land Cover (CLC 2006) e (CLC 2012) e Carta de Uso e Ocupação do Solo (COS 2007). A metodologia se baseia na estimação de métricas da paisagem selecionadas criteriosamente para a aplicação a essas cartografias. Os resultados obtidos apontam para evolução da vegetação em comparação com as cartografias CLC do ano de 2006 para 2012, e em relação a comparação entre a cartografia CLC 2006 e COS 2007, podemos observar um tendência similar no comportamento das métricas, porém consideráveis diferenças nos seus valores, como no valor da métrica NP (Número de manchas) por exemplo, para a cartografia COS 2007 é quase 5 vezes maior comparado ao valor da cartografia CLC 2006. De uma maneira geral podemos atestar a validade das três cartografias para avaliar importante informação sobre o estado da fragmentação dos carvalhais, ainda que importaria contrastar os seus resultados com maior trabalho de campo para uma mais correta tomada de decisão na gestão da paisagem do PNM.The present work analyzes the fragmentation of the landscape, namely the oak forests (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) in the Montesinho Natural Park (PNM) located in the northeast of Portugal. The PNM is a very important protected area for the preservation of the region's natural and semi-natural ecosystems. It extends over approximately 75000 hectares and as characteristics of its woods of Quercus pyrenaica Willd., the oak forests, represent one of the most important processes for a maintenance of the biodiversity. With the help of free software, such as QGIS and FRAGSTATS, it was possible to evaluate a landscape configuration of this Protected Area registered in land use maps with three different origins: CORINE Land Cover (CLC 2006 and CLC 2012), and Land Use and Occupancy (COS 2007). The methodology based on the estimation of landscape metrics carefully selected for an application to these cartographies. The results obtained point to vegetation evolution in comparison to the CLC cartographies from 2006 to 2012, and in relation to the comparison between CLC cartography 2006 and COS 2007, we can observe a similar tendency in the behavior of the metrics, but considerable differences in their Values. In general, we can attest to the validity of the three cartographies to evaluate important information about the state of the fragmentation of the oaks, although it would be necessary to contrast their results with more field work for a correct decision making in the management of the landscape of PNM

Microbial Population and Fermentation Characteristics of Total Mixed Ration Prepared with Local Feed Resources in Mozambique

To effectively utilize locally available feed resources for dairy cattle in Africa, fermented total mixed ration (TMR) was prepared using Napier grass, corn meal, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral and vitamin mix. The fermentation quality of TMR were analyzed after 14 days of ensiling. Before ensiling, aerobic bacteria were the dominant bacteria, after ensiling, lactic acid bacteria counts increased rapidly and became the dominant bacteria in TMR. After 14 days of ensiling, aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeasts, and molds showed lower (P \u3c 0.05) counts in TMR than those before ensiling. The dry matter (DM) of TMR was adjusted to 45.50%, their crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents were approximately 11.48, and 55.25% of DM, respectively. After 14 days of ensiling, TMR fermented to a good quality, the pH was reduced to 3.90; the lactic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents were 1.01 and 0.31% of FM, respectively; the propionic acid and butyric acid were too low to detect. The results confirm that fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain a good quality in Africa