Petit paw lave yon Bo, Kite yon bo

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. As I sit in front of my computer screen with a blank page awaiting my thoughts and input, I can\u27t even fathom a starting point. How is it possible to summarize an evil manifestation, which has been around the world since the dawn of mankind, in a paragraph? How can I start this, when just under a week ago, I had false pretensions that slavery doesn\u27t exist anymore, that it had been abolished with the dissipation of the Civil War in 1865? But the truth is much more frightful: slavery still haunts us in today\u27s world, more so than ever before

Colorants streptocyanines : synthèse et évaluation des propriétés antiplasmodiales

Le paludisme tue environ 1 million de personnes par an et pour palier la résistance des parasites aux traitements existants, il est urgent de trouver de nouvelles classes d'antipaludiques. Dans ce but, des colorants polyméthines cationiques délocalisés de type streptocyanine ont été synthétisés par réaction de nucléophiles azotés variés sur des sels de carboxonium à longueur de chaîne polyméthine ajustable (5C, 7C, 9C). Des molécules hybrides streptocyanine/4-aminoquinoléine et streptocyanine/peroxyde cyclique ont également été conçues. Des activités in vitro submicromolaires ont été obtenues dans les trois séries avec les meilleures sélectivités pour les streptocyanines 5C simples et hybrides. L'étude RSA a montré que la longueur de la chaîne polyméthine et la nature des groupements terminaux azotés influencent de façon co-dépendante l'activité et la cytotoxicité. L'effet des groupements en para des phényles est modérée sauf s'ils sont fluorés et associés au motif morpholino. Les études menées pour évaluer le mode d'action indiquent que les trois streptocyanines simples étudiées ne forment pas de complexe avec l'hème et que les molécules 5C et 7C, contrairement à 9C, n'agiraient pas sur la réplication de l’ADN et la transcription de l'ARN, mais plutôt sur des protéines synthétisées en 1ère partie du cycle érythrocytaire. De plus, les observations en microscopie à fluorescence semblent montrer que seule 9C se concentre dans le compartiment nucléaire du parasite. Elle seule également interagirait avec des ODN simple et double brin. Les streptocyanines étudiées présentent aussi une activité gamétocytocide in vitro. Enfin, les propriétés rédox de plusieurs streptocyanines ont été étudiées.Malaria kills about 1 million people per year and parasites develop resistance to clinically used chemotherapeutic agents and prophylactic drugs. Therefore, an urgent need exists to develop new classes of antimalarial drugs. With this aim, streptocyanines, polymethine delocalized lipophilic cationic dyes, were synthesised by reaction of various nitrogen nucleophiles on carboxonium salts with variable length of the polymethine chain (5C, 7C, 9C). Hybrid molecules, streptocyanine/4-aminoquinoline and streptocyanine/peroxide, were also obtained. The most active compounds displayed sub-micromolar in vitro antiplasmodial activities and the best selectivity was obtained for 5C-streptocyanines. SAR studies have shown the influence of polymethine chain length and also the great importance of the structural modifications at nitrogen end groups. There was a moderate effect of para aromatic substitution, except for molecules with 4-fluoro phenyl groups associated with morpholino end-groups. The studies carried out for evaluate the mechanism of action show that the three studied streptocyanines don’t form complex with heme, and that the molecules 5C and 7C in opposition with 9C, could not have an effect on DNA replication and RNA transcription, but rather on proteins synthesised in the first part of erythrocyte cycle. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy observations show that only 9C could concentrate in nuclear parasite compartment. Only 9C as well, seem to interact with different single or double strand ODNs. In vitro gametocytocide activity was observed for the studied streptocyanines. The redox properties of some streptocyanines are also reported

Kochen für den König: Der friderizianische Hof im Spiegel der Speisezettel und Hofrechnungen

Der folgende Beitrag basiert auf einer Sichtung der Speisezettel und Abrechnungen vom Hof Friedrichs II. Diese gewähren einen Einblick in die Ess- und Tafelkultur des preußischen Königs. Sie zeigen insbesondere die persönlichen Vorlieben Friedrichs für bestimmte Speisen und Getränke. Auf der Basis der Speisezettel und der Abrechnungen lassen sich zudem Aussagen zur Häufigkeit, zum Ablauf und zu einigen Details der Festveranstaltungen am preußischen Hof treffen. Darüber hinaus verdeutlichen diese Quellen, dass Friedrich II. seit seiner Kronprinzenzeit für sein leibliches Wohl wie zur Unterhaltung seines Hofes beträchtliche Summen ausgegeben hat

Comparison of diffusivities data of streptocyanine dyes by electrochemical and NMR-DOSY methods

Diffusivity data of streptocyanine dyes in acetonitrile were investigated using both transient voltammetric techniques and NMR-DOSY. Results of voltammetric measurements allow determination of the diffusion coefficient D values in the range of 1.2-1.6 x 10-9 m² s-1 for the target dyes. Deuterated acetonitrile solvent was used for NMR-DOSY experiments and diffusivities of streptocyanines are given after calibration of acetonitrile on its tracer diffusion value of D∗ACN of 4.37 x 10-⁹. The results for the two methods appear to be in good agreement allowing use of the convenient NMR-DOSY method to measure diffusivity of streptocyanine dyes at low concentrations and so giving a direct access to the number of exchanged electrons using limiting current electrochemical techniques. This last method affords a great advantage of obtaining diffusion coefficients by non-electrochemical method

Reductive dimerization mechanisms of some streptocyanine dyes

Cyclic voltammetric studies of streptocyanine dyes were carried out on a glassy carbon electrode. For dye electroreduction, logarithmic analysis of the convoluted current indicates an EC2 mechanism with dimerization following electron transfer. Relevant kinetic and thermodynamic values are reported

The role of global logistics companies in disaster relief efforts : an investigation into benefits, challenges and critical success factors of cross-sector collaborations : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the benefits and opportunities, as well as the challenges and risks cross-sector collaborations in humanitarian aid and disaster relief generate. The study also points out the major critical success factors that commercial logistics companies and humanitarian aid organisations require in order to build efficient partnerships. Additionally, guiding recommendations that support the development of successful collaborative efforts are presented. The study is based on an extensive literature review discussing the complexities of humanitarian aid logistics and reveals the differences between commercial and disaster relief supply chains. Different types of corporate-humanitarian collaborations and cross-learning potential are highlighted. The literature review also deals with the possibility of establishing partnerships within the framework of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A questionnaire investigates the respondents‟ point of view about the strengths, opportunities, and risks of cross-sector collaborations as well as requirements for successful partnerships. Case studies are also included in this thesis in order to discuss strengths and weaknesses and to pinpoint lessons learned from model partnerships. Research finds that corporate-humanitarian collaborations, when successfully established, provide their partners with mutual benefits such as knowledge transfer, sharing of resources and best practices. Also, the improvement of a company‟s public image and awareness can be achieved. Humanitarian aid organisations profit from the building of capacity in between disasters, including staff training and the provision of readily accessible resources from the partnering company. The findings also demonstrate that such collaborations are expected to show a moderate development in the future but need to be built on clear partnership agreements determining the scope of involvement as well as each partner‟s goals and objectives. Research is solely based on collaborations between commercial logistics companies and humanitarian aid agencies focusing on relief operations after sudden-onset natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes). Further research is needed especially in the field of risk assessment and risk management of collaborations, the influence of such partnerships on employees‟ overall performance, as well as the development of specific key performance indicators (KPIs). This thesis provides logistics companies and humanitarian relief professionals as well as researchers and readers interested in this particular topic, an overview of the current state of development of cross-sector collaborations. Furthermore, the main critical success factors the logistics industry and the humanitarian aid sector believe are necessary to establish successful partnerships are highlighted