Proposed interior design of Nasi Lemak Antarabangsa Kampung Baru Restaurant for Shaha Corporation Sdn Bhd at Lot 1311N &1312N Jalan Raja Ekram, 30450 Bandar Ipoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan / Dali Mahat

This report is the result of study and data collection to assist in the design of the proposed project at the end of restaurant. Students are required to prepare a comprehensive design scheme based on the research issues, the scope of client requirements and observations that are sensitive to particulars issues or problems that exist in the architectural design process restaurant. This project is to provide a new design for the restaurants in addition to creating a practical and new concepts to customers by providing quality services. The selection of this project is to highlight the new design for the restaurants is shaded by the natives. Development of restaurants in Malaysia is very exciting and profitable. Therefore, not suprising if we find the center of laundry now so many that grow like mushrooms after rain. It exists wherever the opportunity to see, like home stores, in shopping mall, in lots of shops, lots of office or at home. In general, restaurants can be classified based on the services provided and the target visitors. Nowadays, there are so many restaurants that serves different types of delicious food and cuisine all around the world. Most Malaysians love to eat food of different culture. This happens because Malaysia is a multi racial population with different culture. Each race and culture have different methods and ways of preparing their food. So there are more advantages in setting up an Malay restaurant so that it can add more variety to the food industry in Malaysia

Kesan Pengajaran Menggunakan Pengurusan Grafik ke Atas Prestasi Penulisan Karangan di Kalangan Pelajar Tingkatan Empat

Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk membandingkan dua kaedab pengajaran iaitu pengajaran yang menggunakan Pengurusan Grafik (PG) dan kaedab konvensional ke atas prestasi penulisan karangan. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga akan membandingkan prestasi penulisan karangan di kalangan pelajar yang pencapaian sederhana dan pencapaian rendah. Aspek yang dikaji ialah dari segi prestasi penulisan karangan keseluruhan dan penulisan tentang pengembangan isi karangan. Seramai 60 responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar tingkatan empat telah dipilih untuk mewakili setiap kumpulan treatmen. Data telah diperoleh melalui ujian penulisan tiga buah karangan dan dinilai oleh dua orang penilai. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pakej statistik SPSS . Statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis ialah Ujian-t tidak bersandar dan varians dua hala. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kaedah pengajaran menggunakan PG adalah. lebih baik berbanding kaedah konvensional dalam prestasi penulisan karangan keseluruhan dengan nilai t (58) = 355, P < 05. Dari aspek penulisan tentang pengembangan isi karangan pula, kaedah pengajaran menggunakan PG juga menunjukkan prestasi yang lebih balk berbanding kaedah konvensional pada nilat t(58) =4.11, p < .05. Bagi kumpulan pelajar pencapaian sederhana perbandingan kedua-dua min prestasi anmra pelajar yang mengikuti pengajaran menggunakan PG dan kaedah konvensional telah memperlihatkan kesignifikanan pada t (28) = 2.61, p < .05 dalarn penutisan karangan keseluruban dan t (28) = 2.80, p < .05 dati aspek pengembangan isi karangan. Oleh itu disimpulkan bahawa kaedah pengajaran menggunakan PG dapat meningkatkan prestasi penulisan karangan keseluruhan dan dari aspek pengembangan isi karangan berbanding kaedah konvensional di kalangan pelajar kumpulan pencapaian sederhana. Di kalangan pelajar pencapaian rendah pula kumpulan pelajar yang dirangsang oleh pengajaran menggunakan PG dapat meningkatkan prestasi penulisan karangan keseluruhan dan dari aspek pengembangan isi karangan berbanding pelajar yang mengikuti kaedah pengajaran konvensional

Ternary biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide composite for the hyperactivation of Candida rugosa lipase in the esterification production of ethyl valerate

Oil palm leaves (OPL) silica (SiO2) can replace the energy-intensive, commercially produced SiO2. Moreover, the agronomically sourced biogenic SiO2 is more biocompatible and cost-effective enzyme support, which properties could be improved by the addition of magnetite (Fe3O4) and graphene oxide (GO) to yield better ternary support to immobilize enzymes, i.e., Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). This study aimed to optimize the Candida rugosa lipase (CRL immobilization onto the ternary OPL-silica-magnetite (Fe3O4)-GO (SiO2/Fe3O4/GO) support, for use as biocatalyst for ethyl valerate (EV) production. Notably, this is the first study detailing the CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO biocatalyst preparation for rapid and high yield production of ethyl valerate (EV). AFM and FESEM micrographs revealed globules of CRL covalently bound to GL-A-SiO2/Fe3O4/GO; similar to Raman and UV–spectroscopy results. FTIR spectra revealed amide bonds at 3478 cm–1 and 1640 cm–1 from covalent interactions between CRL and GL-A-SiO2/Fe3O4/GO. Optimum immobilization conditions were 4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 8 mg/mL CRL, at 16 h stirring in 150 mM NaCl at 30 °C, offering 24.78 ± 0.26 mg/g protein (specific activity = 65.24 ± 0.88 U/g). The CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO yielded 77.43 ± 1.04 % of EV compared to free CRL (48.75 ± 0.70 %), verifying the suitability of SiO2/Fe3O4/GO to hyperactivate and stabilize CRL for satisfactory EV production

Food Safety Knowledge and Practice Among Community in Sg. Pelek, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Food safety is a basic requirement of food quality. It is an increasingly important public health issue to prevent and control food borne illnesses. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine level of knowledge and practice on food safety, to determine the association between knowledge and practice, and also to identify the association between socio-demographic factors and practice score of the population studied. This study was conducted among adult population in Taman Bahagia, Sungai Pelek, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Data were collected using an interviewed structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling was performed to obtain houses, followed by simple random sampling to select sample in the house. A total of 115 data sets were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Analysis showed that 35% of respondents have poor level of knowledge on food safety, whereas 27% of the respondents have poor level of practices on food safety. Multiple linear regression revealed that there are a significant association between education level (p&lt;0.001), Adj b=2.57 (95% CI: 1.15, 3.99) and gender (p=0.048), Adj b=1.15 (95% CI: 0.01, 2.29) with practice score on food safety. Therefore, health promotion and education on the importance of practicing food safety at home should be focused to prevent further unwanted health effects

Kandungan Kapsaisin dalam Kultivar Capsicum annum

Thirteen cultivars of chilli Capsicum annum were used for the determination of capsaicin obtained from two stages of maturation, 25 and 40 days after flowering. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p > 0.05) in the capsaicin content among different cultivars for both stages. The range of capsaicin concentration for day 25 was 6.14 - 26.6 mg/g and 6.3 - 106.42 mg/g (dry weight) for day 40. Except for KA2 dan Abheim, other cultivars contained significantly higher concentration of capsiasin in day 40 compared to those in day 25. The range of capsaicin located in the placenta, the pericarp and the seeds was 47 - 60%, 27 - 41 %, 6 - 16%, respectively

Genetic Variation of Growth and Selected Wood Properties of Four-Year Old Acacia Auriculiformis Provenances at Serdang, Malaysia

A trial at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang, Malaysia consisting of twenty eight provenances of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex. Benth was assessed at four years for total height, diameter at breast height, specific gravity and fibre length. Of these provenances, 7 were from Queensland (QLD), 15 from the Northern Territory (NT) and 6 from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The provenances and geographic regions differed significantly at p < 0.05 in their growth performance. Generally the Queensland provenances recorded the best growth in both height and diameter followed by the Northern Territorry and Papua New Guinea Provenances. The mean total heights for provenances from Queensland, Northern Territory and Papua New Guinea were 13.38 m, 12.37 m and 11.89 m respectively. The mean diameters at breast height for provenances from Queensland, Northern Territory and Papua New Guinea were 12.67 em, 11.04 em and 10.69 em respectively. A similar pattern of variation was found in the wood properties except for wood specific gravity where there was no significant difference encountered between the three geographic regions. However, there were significant variation between provenances on both wood properties studied. The mean specific gravity ranged from 0.53 for the provenance from Balamuk on Bensbach (PNG) to 0.61 for the provenance from South Balamuk (PNG). The mean fibre length ranged from 0.865 mm for the provenance from Balamuk on Bensbach (PNG) to 0.993 mm for the provenance from eoen River (QLD)

Growth Performance And Genetic Variation Of Four Acacia Species Planted In Pahang, Malaysia

Acacia mangium Willd, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. and Acacia aulacocarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. are the four fast-growing tropical acacias which have received high priority for genetic assessment and improvement in the Asian region. Despite their rapid early growth and tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions, only A. mangium has been widely planted in the Compensatory Forest Plantation Programme in Malaysia. The seed sources utilised in the plantation were however, unselected and originated from a narrow genetic base. Therefore, this study was conducted at Kampung Aur Gading, Kuala Lipis, Pahang to evaluate the genetic variation and growth performance of a base breeding populations of Acacia species in terms of their quantitative and qualitative growth characteristics. Estimates of some parameters such as genetic correlation and heritability were also made. Twenty progenies each of the species were collected from two geographic regions namely Queensland and Papua New Guinea were used in this study. This trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications.Generally all species adapted and performed well in local condition and their growth performances were significantly different (P< 0.05) between species, provenance and family. A. mangium was the best performer in almost all of the traits tested, followed by A. crassicarpa, A. auriculiformis and A. aulacocarpa. Concurrently, all species exhibited high intra species variation for all the traits assessed. There were also significant genetic variation between regions, between provenances within region and between families within the provenances exists in the quantitative traits assessed for all species. The populations collected from Papua New Guinea, generally, outperformed those from Queensland in quantitative growth traits except for stem quality which appeared otherwise. The progenies in the family also exhibit high genetic variability with variance component ranging from 39% to 93.7% of the total variance. Out of these, few individuals were found to be exceptionally good performer, even from the poor families such as JSL3777 of A, mangium, MHL14 of A. crassicarpa, BH14068 of A. auriculiformis and GB100 of A. aulacocarpa. Among the top performing families were KN097, CG1853 and JSL380 of A. mangium, BVG2609 and MHL13A of A. crassicarpa, GB098, MM1016 and AR10 of A. aulacocarpa and BH14607 and JSL363 of A. auriculiformis. There were significant differences between species (at P<0.05) for selected wood properties tested. A. aulacocarpa gave the highest wood density of 0.59 g/cm3, followed by A. auriculiformis (0.54 g/cm3), Acacia crassicarpa (0.51 g/cm3) and A. mangium (0.43 g/cm3). On the contrary, the order of ranking differed in fiber length where, A. crassicarpa produced the longest fiber length (0.91mm), followed by A. mangium (0.85mm), A. aulacocarpa (0.83mm) and A. auriculiformis (0.83mm).The study found that all species were efficient in their photosynthetic capabilities since they produced Fv/Fm values above 0.80 and were not significantly different. Generally the heritability estimates were variable between traits and between species. The heritability estimates of quantitative growth traits for A. aulacocarpa were found to be almost consistent for all traits ranging from 0.36 to 0.40. Similarly, A. mangium gave estimates ranging from 0.30 to 0.36. On the contrary A. auriculiformis gave comparatively more variable estimates ranging from 0.23 to 0.37. A. crassicarpa recorded comparatively lower estimates ranging from 0.20 to 0.30. The heritability estimates for the qualitative traits were however, low with majority of them estimating narrow sense heritabilities below 0.20. The heritability estimates for wood properties and chlorophyll fluorescence varied significantly from none (0.0) to moderate (0.32) for families of all species tested.The phenotypic and genetic correlations varied widely ranging from 0.0 to 0.96 for the former and from 0.0 to 0.83 for the latter, respectively. Generally, these correlations were found to vary between traits as well as between species. The correlations between growth traits and stem qualitative traits were generally moderate (0.4 –0.6) to high (above 0.6). The correlations between quantitative traits and other traits were found to be generally low (below 0.4) whereas correlations between physiological traits and wood properties and with other traits were generally very low (below 0.1) or even not correlated at all. This study indicated that further improvement could still be done on this base breeding population by employing further selection on a few selected traits at a time for the development of advanced breeding or even for the production populations

Presence of faecal coliforms and selected heavy metals in ice cubes from food outlets in Taman Universiti, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Consumption of iced beverages is common in Malaysia although specific research focusing on its safety parameters such as presence of faecal coliforms and heavy metal elements remains scarce. A study conducted in Kelantan indicated that faecal coliforms were detected in the majority of the ice cube samples analyzed, largely attributable to improper handling. Hence, it was found pertinent to conduct similar study in other parts of the country such as Johor Bahru for investigating if the similar pattern prevailed. Therefore, this present crosssectional study which randomly sampled ice cubes from 30 permanent food outlets in Taman Universiti, Johor Bahru for detecting contamination by faecal coliforms and selected heavy metal elements (lead, copper, manganese and zinc) acquires significance. Faecal coliforms were detected in 11 (36.67%) of the samples, ranging between 1 CFU/100 mL to > 50 CFU/100 mL; two of the samples were grossly polluted (>50 CFU/100 mL). Interestingly, while positive detection of lead was observed in 29 of the 30 ice cube samples (mean: 0.511±0.105 ppm; range: 0.489-0.674 ppm), copper, manganese and zinc were not detected. In addition, analysis on commercially bottled mineral water as well as in tap water samples did not detect such contaminations. Therefore, it appears that (1) contamination of faecal coliforms in ice cubes in food outlets in Malaysia may not be sporadic in pattern but rather prevalent and (2) the source of water used for manufacturing the ice cubes that contained significant amount of lead would suggest that (3) it was neither originated from the treated tap water supply nor bottled mineral water or (4) perhaps contaminated during manufacturing process. Further studies exploring the source of water used for manufacturing these ice cubes as well as the handling process among food operators deserve consideration

Evaluation of dietary protein intake by growing ostriches.

The protein requirements of growing ostriches have not been established. In an effort towards more understanding of the animal's needs for this nutrient two trials were carried out to evaluate the intake of protein (GP) from complete feeds by growing ostriches. In trial I, the comparative response of ostriches to diets containing Pligh Protein (HP, 22.5% GP), Medium Protein (MP, 17.5% CP) or Low Protein (LP, 12.5% CP) protein content was determined, while the preference of these birds to the same three diets offered simultaneously in a free-choice feeding situation was investigated in trial II. Ostriches in trial I fed on HP or MP consumed more feed, gained more weight and were more efficient in converting feed to body weight than birds fed on LP. Differences in growth performance between the HP and MP groups were not significant. Birds on HP consumed more protein than those offered MP but this was not translated into superiority in growth. In trial II, where ostriches were offered either a sole MP feed or a free-choice of HP, MP and LP given simultaneously, birds on the single complete feed were more efficient in converting feed and protein into body weight than choice-fed animals. In choice feeding, MP was consumed at a significantly higher amount and proportion than that of either HP or LP which, between themselves was consumed in similar amounts. It was concluded that among the three diets studied, a medium protein feed with a GP content of 17.5% was most economical and optimum for growing ostriches. When presented with a choice of feeds with varying protein contents these birds were not able to select well for optimum growth performance

Presence of selected organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw cucumber and tomato samples in Taman Universiti, Johor

Consumption of raw vegetables is common among Malaysians due to its nutritional values as well as anecdotal evidence supporting its medicinal properties. Although periodical analyses of pesticide residues on imported vegetables have been performed by the relevant authority, the same has not been amply emphasized on the locally produced vegetables and those that are available at food outlets, rendering the possible threat towards human health. In this research, the possible presence of diazinon, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate residues in two commonly eaten raw vegetables viz. cucumber and tomato conveniently sampled from four food outlets within Taman Universiti was investigated using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) preceded by the Jabatan Kimia Malaysia-validated liquidliquid extraction method (JKM F0702). Samples of organic cucumber and tomato were used as controls. Once detected, the confirmation was done using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Results of this research revealed that presence of diazinon, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate residues were not detected in all the samples of cucumber and tomato sampled from the selected permanent food outlets. The fact that two unknown compounds were found in both of the organic cucumber and tomato samples eluted at 2.25 minutes and 3.58 minutes, respectively, while an unknown compound eluted at 3.47 minutes was evident in one of the tomato samples included in this research, expanding the spectrum of pesticide residues in these vegetables for future studies deserves consideration. Although the concentrations of diazinon, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate found in those vegetables appear to be within the acceptable levels for human consumption, absence of possible health threats for human may not be construed, considering the limited samples and organophosphorus pesticide residues included in this research