Effects of intrathecal opioids use in cesarean section on breastfeeding and newborns’ weight gaining

Objective: To assess the association between intrapartum intrathecal opioid use and breastfeeding and weight gain following cesarean section. Materials and methods: The prospective double-blinded study was conducted on term pregnant women, undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. They divided into two groups. In the first group, intrathecal Morphine was used to achieve analgesia during or after the operation. The remainder divided into two subgroups, those who did not receive any opioid or those received systemic opioids. Following labor breastfeeding accessed in a follow-up, two month latter. Results: There was no difference between the demographic variables of the mothers and newborns APGAR score and weight at the time of birth. Breastfeeding rate was similar in intrathecal group in compare with other patents (P value = 0.518). While, the infants’ weight at the end of second month was lower in spinal opioid group (P value = 0.036). Conclusion: The present study was the first to suggest that spinal (intrathecal) opioids do not have any impact on breastfeeding. However the relationship between spinal anesthesia on weight gaining needs more investigation

Suppression subtractive hybridization technique in wheat for the identification of disease resistance differentially expressed genes

A resistant variety with high yielding potential is key for increasing crop production to fulfill the food requirement of the ever increasing world populations. Consequently, the aim of plant breeders is to develop high yielding varieties or cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to specific diseases or insects. For developing a resistant variety, it is enormously indispensable to incorporate or introgress the specific resistant genes of that particular disease into the recipient. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a powerful technique for the identification of disease specific differentially expressed genes that are expressed in a resistant or susceptible variety. This paper presents a brief review on the SSH technique with examples focusing on the identification of the wheat disease specific differentially expressed genes and their defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens in global wheat cultivars. This review is helpful for wheat researchers for the updated information on the SSH technique for the identification of differentially expressed genes in the global wheat cultivars and varieties. Eventually, the identified genes could be used to develop the disease resistance variety through marker-assisted backcrossing programme or conventional breeding

Genetic analysis of rust resistance genes in global wheat cultivars: an overview

Rust is the most devastating fungal disease in wheat. Three rust diseases, namely, leaf or brown rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks, stem or black rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici West, and stripe or yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. Tritici Eriks, are the most economically significant and common diseases among global wheat cultivars. Growing cultivars resistant to rust is the most sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for controlling rust diseases. To date, more than 187 rust resistance genes (80 leaf rust, 58 stem rust and 49 stripe rust) have been derived from diverse wheat or durum wheat cultivars and the related wild species using different molecular methods. This review provides a detailed discussion of the different aspects of rust resistance genes, their primitive sources, their distribution in global wheat cultivars and the importance of durable resistant varieties for controlling rust diseases. This information will serve as a foundation for plant breeders and geneticists to develop durable rust-resistant wheat varieties through marker-assisted breeding or gene pyramiding

Phenotypic and molecular effects of chronic gamma irradiation on Curcuma alismatifolia

Mutation breeding is one of the methods for generating genetic variation and obtaining new cultivars of ornamental plants during the past decades. In present study, the effects of four doses (0, 14.6, 33, and 87.4 Gy) of chronic gamma irradiation on three cultivars of Curcuma alismatifolia and one Curcuma hybrid were investigated. Morphological aberrations from non-treated plants were observed by exposing growing plants. Higher doses induced phenotypical variations and significantly affected the plant growth parameters and flowering capacity. In terms of genetic variation, among the irradiated cultivars, the number of presumed alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from two to five with a mean value of 3.1 to 3.7 alleles per locus for radiation doses. The average value of the effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon’s information index were 2.42–2.66, 0.50–0.56, and 0.90–1.03, respectively. Heat map hierarchical clustering divided 52 studied individuals into four major clusters. Results of this study showed that chronic gamma irradiation efficiently can enhance the phenotypical and genetic variations in C. alismatifolia cultivars at doses of 33 Gy and 84.6 Gy. In addition, SSR markers will likely accelerate the progress of selection of desired mutants during mutation breeding programs

Comparative study of lignin in roots of different oil palm progenies in relation to Ganoderma basal stem rot disease

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat., a serious constraint to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in South-east Asia, namely Malaysia and Indonesia, is also becoming a threat in Africa and Latin America. Currently, no complete management is available although Ganoderma tolerant oil palm is likely to have a crucial role in the management of the disease in the future. In this study, oil palm progenies exhibiting different reactions to Ganoderma BSR were investigated. Lignin in their roots was detected by phloroglucinol-HCl. The intensity of burgundy red colour developed after staining varied among progenies, indicating differences in lignin content but this was a subjective qualitative approach. A quantitative approach following the modified Klason method was then used. Uninoculated progenies TK 714 and TK 716 were significantly different in lignin content at six to seven months but 10 months later, lignin contents of all uninoculated progenies were similar, while that of inoculated plants exhibited some small but significant differences. Nevertheless, the accumulation of lignin did not correlate well with susceptibility or tolerance to BSR and consequently, lignin content may not be a reliable trait to characterise oil palm progenies for Ganoderma tolerance or susceptibility in screening tests

Algorithm Selection Framework for Cyber Attack Detection

The number of cyber threats against both wired and wireless computer systems and other components of the Internet of Things continues to increase annually. In this work, an algorithm selection framework is employed on the NSL-KDD data set and a novel paradigm of machine learning taxonomy is presented. The framework uses a combination of user input and meta-features to select the best algorithm to detect cyber attacks on a network. Performance is compared between a rule-of-thumb strategy and a meta-learning strategy. The framework removes the conjecture of the common trial-and-error algorithm selection method. The framework recommends five algorithms from the taxonomy. Both strategies recommend a high-performing algorithm, though not the best performing. The work demonstrates the close connectedness between algorithm selection and the taxonomy for which it is premised.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted to WiseML '2

The Resultant formula of Masses m_1/m_2,..., m_n in Space oxyz at a Point

In this paper, the formula of the contact resultant for masses (m-1,m-2,...,m-n) in space(oxyz) is calculated and proved. Regarding the importance of masses movement in space and their contact with each other, it is felt that in order to design and optimize dynamic systems (dynamic mechanics), a reasonable relation should be established between their subsets. This paper attempts to prove such a relation in the simplest possible way

Evaluation of RNA extraction methods in rice and their application in expression analysis of resistance genes against Magnaporthe oryzae

Extraction of RNA of high quality and integrity is essential for gene expression studies and all downstream RNA-based techniques. The leaves of 16 merit Malaysian rice varieties were used to isolate total RNA using five different methods. The quantity, quality and integrity of extracted RNA were confirmed using three different means. The ratios of A260/280 ranged from 2.12 to 2.20. Electrophoresis (1.5% agarose gel) was performed, illustrating intact and sharp bands representing the 28S, 18S, 5.8S and 5S ribosomal subunits of RNA, presenting intact RNA. RNA quality was verified using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (sqPCR). The objective of this study was to identify different genes involved in the resistance of rice plants using high-quality RNA extracted 31 h after inoculation of Magnaportheoryzae pathotype P7.2. The expression levels of eight blast resistance genes, Pikh, Pib, Pita, Pi21, Pi9, Os11gRGA8, OsWRKY22 and OsWRKY45, were evaluated by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Real-time PCR was performed to identify candidate genes using RNA extracted by the TRIzol method, which showed the highest score compared with other methods in terms of RNA quantity, purity and integrity. In addition, the results of real-time PCR confirmed that the up-regulation of seven blast resistance genes may confer stronger resistance for the MR 276 variety against M. oryzae pathotype P7.2

Physics, Mechanics, Mathematics

  Dynamics features movement and stable means. Continuous Stable dynamics thus means continuous movement or motion. That is a moving object which enjoys continuous movement. For example, the electron continuous revolution round the nucleus, the revolution of the moon round the earth and that of the earth round the sun. In this formula, the continuous movement of the moving object round the origin of coordinates in space is studied. Regarding the importance of the angular speed calculation in most of applied sciences such as dynamic mechanics , aerospace , dynamic systems and lock of a relation  established in this connection , the need is felt that in order to design and optimize dynamic systems , a reasonable relation should be presented . This paper tries to prove such a relation in the easiest possible way. &nbsp

The Impact of the Psychological Stress on the Heart Rate of the Losing and Winning Coaches of the Soccer Premier League

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of psychological stress on the heart rate of winning and losing coaches of the Iranian Soccer Premier League in the tournament (2005-2006). The subjects of this study were 16 professional coaches from the Super League with average age of (52.27 ± 9.18), having a history of coaching in league (11.67 ± 6.01 years) and the average heart rate of (64.40 ± 5.91) beats per minutes. Salivary samples were collected on the day of the match in five stages (one hour before the match, before the match, between the two periods, at the end of the match and one hour after the match). The heartbeat of the coaches during the rest and at the time of the match have been analyzed using the team polar heart rate measurement unit. In addition at the critical moments of the match (scoring, receiving goal, penalties, free kicks around the penalty area, conflicts of the players with the referee) the heartbeats of the coaches have been recorded in a special form. Data from laboratory analysis of salivary specimens using variance analysis test with repeated ANOVA measurements and post-scheffe test, as well as independent t test have been used to analyze the hypothesis with significant level of p <0.05. The results of this study showed that in all the cases there was a significant difference between heart rate in the different moments of the game in comparison with resting time, this difference was very impressive at the critical moments of the competition. The average heart rate of coaches in the critical moments of the game was (135/80 ± 9/49) beats per minute, which showed a 70-beats difference from the rest time. Keywords: Psychosocial stress, Cortisol, Testosterone, IgA, Heart Rate, Winning Coaches, Losing Coaches. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/9-3-0