Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome (LMBBS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder, which is characterized principally by cardinal symptoms of marked central obesity, retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism and renal dysfunction. Case presentation: We report a case of a 20-year-old male who presented to us with history of fever, vomiting and dizziness. He was incidentally diagnosed as a case of LMBBS as the patient was having polydactyly, retinitis pigmentosa, central obesity, hypogonadism and low IQ. Conclusion: Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a very rare syndrome with very low incidence; hence, we are reporting this case. In addition, we advice more diligent approach from various specialties, so that this syndrome can be picked up at an early age

Multifocal Intracerebral Hemorrhages: A Rare Presentation in a Patient of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease, accounting for 1% of all strokes occurring when a blood clot forms in any of the venous sinuses of the brain. CVST commonly presents as severe headache, seizures, focal neurological deficit, nausea and vomiting. Presentation of CVST in the form of multifocal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an extremely rare occurrence. We report a case of a 29-year-old male presenting with multifocal ICH and seizures with underlying CVST. The finding of multifocal ICH was incidentally found on brain radio imaging and further workup revealed underlying CVST. This case report underscores the importance of brain radio imaging in an otherwise normal patient presenting with seizure disorder. CVST as an etiology for multifocal ICH is a very rare yet significant phenomenon

Prevalence of smoking habit and its variations in patients reporting to a private dental institution: a retrospective study

 The prevalence of tobacco use has increased over the past decades. Traditional forms like betel quid, tobacco with lime and tobacco tooth powder are commonly used, and the use of new products is increasing, not only among men but also among children, teenagers and women. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of smoking habits and its variations in patients reporting to a private Dental University, India. The case sheets of patients were obtained from the patient record system. The data of each patient regarding the duration, type and pattern of smoking habit was obtained and tabulated. The results of the study show prevalence of the pattern of smoking habit in conventional smoking is 69% and in reverse smoking is 31%. Prevalence of type of smoking tobacco showed prevalence of cigarettes to be 96% and to be bidi 4%. The present study shows there is a significant association based on comparison of age with pattern of smoking and age with the duration of smoking done using chi square test (p value-0.000). Thus higher prevalence was seen in the age group of 41-60 years (48%), 21-40 years (42%) and in males with cigarettes being the most preferred smoking tobacco. As cigarettes are accessible, it is also more carcinogenic and it is increasing among the youth, hence precautions must be taken in earlier age groups of 21-40 years for early interventions such as anti tobacco sessions and guidance to decrease the consumption of tobacco

Association of Tooth Loss in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with And Without Mellitus

Tooth loss is a negative public health outcome that substantially affects not only the general and oral health status of people, but also their quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread epidemics experienced worldwide; hence the aim of this study is to find the association of tooth loss in chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. This cross sectional study consisted of a sample size of 547 patients of which 270 were diabetic patients and 277 were non diabetic patients and were distributed into two groups. After collection of data, it was tabulated with parameters such as name of the patient, age, gender, systemic condition, type of periodontal disease and tooth loss. The cast sheets of patients were obtained from the patient management software. The data of each patient was obtained and tabulated. The most common missing teeth were found to be upper anteriors and it had a higher prevalence of tooth loss in the non-diabetic group (26.82%) than in the diabetic group (18.43%). Association between tooth loss and systemic conditions was done using Chi square test p value- 0.008 and was found to be statistically significant. Tooth loss was higher in the age group of 61-70 years for the diabetic group and in the age group of 50-60 years for the non-diabetic group. The association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is a well known fact. Therefore oral health education programs should be promoted in patients, which aids in early diagnosis and prevention of severe periodontal diseases

Scrub Typhus Presenting as Subdural Hemorrhage with Normal Platelet Counts: A Rare Case Presentation

Scrub typhus is a common zoonotic disease with high case fatality rate. The clinical presentation of this disease may vary from acute febrile illness, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal manifestations, coagulopathy to neurological manifestations. The common neurological manifestations are meningitis and meningoencephalitis, whereas subdural hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accident, i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage, infarct, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. are among rare neurological presentations. Scrub typhus-induced neurological disease should be investigated to provide a timely and appropriate diagnosis and to reduce the mortality in complicated scrub typhus infection. Here we report a case of scrub typhus complicated with subdural hemorrhage admitted in our hospital

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Lab Diagnosis and Outcome of Scrub Typhus Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Center in Southern Rajasthan

Introduction: Scrub typhus is also known as tsutsugamushi disease or bush typhus. It is a mite-borne acute febrile illness caused by Gram-negative intracellular organism called Orientia tsutsugamushi, which belongs to the family of Rickettsiaceae. Aims and objectives: To study the epidemiological patterns, different clinical manifestations and complications associated with scrub typhus. Material and methods: This was a prospective study which was carried out over a period of 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019 in patients of scrub typhus admitted in various medical wards of MB Govt. Hospital and RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Observation and results: All the patients admitted with history of acute febrile illness suspected to be scrub typhus were assessed in the study. All these patients were evaluated by the set protocol in the form of detailed history, physical examination and relevant systemic examination. A total of 3,814 suspected patients of scrub typhus were tested in our microbiology laboratory and 1,340 patients were reported positive. Out of these, only 480 patients who were admitted in our medical wards were enrolled in our study and evaluated. Conclusion: We conclude that in rural Rajasthan, any patient who presents with fever, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, a diagnosis of scrub typhus should be suspecte

Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Introduction: Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is an inflammatory encephalopathy characterized by progressive refractory focal seizures, cognitive deterioration and focal neurological deficit that occur with gradual atrophy of one brain hemisphere. Case presentation: We report a case of an 18-year-old male with a history of abnormal body movements involving the right half of the body without loss of consciousness for the last 15 years. Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hemiatrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere. Conclusion: RE is a rare disease; hence, diagnosing and managing such patients may be challenging. Our aim is to draw attention of the treating physicians towards this disease with the help of this case report