The prevalence of intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients in Bushehr, Iran

Hemodialysis patients, due to a dysfunction of the immune response, are prone to a variety of opportunistic infections. Studies of intestinal parasitic infections in these patients are limited. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of these infections in patients on hemodialysis in Bushehr. In this cross-sectional study, fecal samples have been collected from all hemodialysis patients who were continuously referred from September 2011 to September 2012 to the dialysis center at Bushehr and tested using routine parasitological methods. From a total of 88 patients studied, 25 patients (28.4%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Blastocystis hominis and Entamoeba coli with 13.6% and 6.7% prevalence had the highest prevalence among the patients, respectively. The age group 51–70 years had the highest rates of infection. Statistical analysis showed no relationship between sex and the risk of intestinal parasites. Seventeen percent of infected patients showed up with diarrhea and this relationship was statistically significant. Considering the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among hemodialysis patients in Bushehr and also the high probability of infection in these patients, it is recommended that periodic examinations and screening patients during dialysis and before kidney transplantation should be a part of routine medical care

Ik wil de rivier van de oude Perzische poëzie in de zee van de Nederlandse literatuur laten vloeien ...

In der vorliegenden Dissertation stehen Vorgänge von transkulturellen Kontakten und der internen Dynamik der Rezeptionsvorgänge zwischen den Kulturräumen zentral. Mit dem Blick auf die Vielfalt kultureller Vernetzungen sollen Interferenzvorgänge im Werke des aus dem Iran stammenden niederländischen Autors Kader Abdolah untersucht werden, um festzustellen, ob und auf welche Weise diese Transkulturalität generieren. Als Beispiel dienen thematische und stilistische Interferenzerscheinungen, aber auch die vom Autor in sein Werk aufgenommenen intertextuellen Verweise. Charakteristisch für Abdolahs Werk ist die Verbindung der Niederlande und des Iran in sprachlicher, thematischer, stilistischer und kultureller Hinsicht. Persische Anekdoten, Idiome, Motive, Gedichte, Geschichten und Lieder aus der literarischen Tradition seines Heimatlandes wie die alte orale Erzähltradition und die metaphernreiche Sprache des Koran werden in den niederländischen Kontext seiner Werke integriert. Die persischen Elemente wirken im niederländischen Kontext, genauso wie der niederländisch(sprachig)e Rahmen das Wesen der aufgenommenen persischen Elemente beeinflusst. Besonderes Augenmerk erhält dabei die Frage, auf welchem Niveau diese Vorgänge der wechselseitigen Beeinflussung stattfinden und durch welche Techniken diese in Bewegung gebracht werden. Welche Vorgänge der Interferenz zwischen dem Iran und den Niederlanden sind auszumachen und inwiefern wirken Zitate, die von einer Sprache (dem Persischen) in eine andere (das Niederländische) übertragen werden, transkulturell? Zum Zwecke der Analyse werden sowohl Werke von Kader Abdolah – seine Romane, Kurzgeschichten und Kolumnen – als auch Egodokumente (hier Essays und Aussagen in Interviews) und Paratexte (im vorliegenden Fall Vorworte, Nachworte, Klappentexte, Anmerkungen) untersucht.This dissertation focuses on the processes of transcultural contacts and the internal dynamics of processes of reception between cultures. In view of the variety of cultural overlappings, acts of interference in the works of the Dutch author Kader Abdolah, who originally comes from Iran, will be analyzed as to determine whether they and if so, how they generate transculturality. This will be shown on the basis of topical and stylistic acts of interference as well as by means of the used intertextual references. Abdolah’s work is characterized by the combination of Dutch and Persian influences (on a topical, a linguistical and a stylistic level). Particularly intertextual references in the form of anecdotes, poems, stories and songs as well as the use of idiomatic phrases from Iran, but also links to the literary tradition of his native country and the old oral tradition of storytelling and the style of the Koran which is high on metaphors are integrated into the Dutch context of his works. The Persian elements influence the Dutch scope and simultaneously, the Dutch context affects the Persian context. Particular attention is paid to the question on which levels these processes of reciprocal influence take place and by means of which techniques they are stimulated. Which processes of interference between Iran and the Netherlands are to be found and how do quotations transferred from one language (Persian) into another one (Dutch) function transculturally? For the purpose of analysis literary works by Kader Abdolah – his novels, narrations and columns – are studied as well as ego-documents (essays, interviews) and paratexts (here: preface, epilogue, blurbs, explanatory notes)

The Content Analysis of Elementary School Textbooks "Gifts of Heaven" Based on the Multiple Intelligence Components: The Shannon's Entropy Model

This study aimed to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks "Gifts of Heaven" based on the multiple intelligence components. The present study was a content analysis research that applied the Shannon's entropy model. The sample included all elementary school textbooks "Gifts of Heaven"; thus, a checklist of multiple intelligence components (Gardner and Fleetham) which its content validity had been verified by 5 experts was applied. The significance coefficient of each component is, respectively, as follows: the existential intelligence (0.121); bodily-kinesthetic, linguistic, and naturalistic intelligences (0.119); spatial intelligence (0.118); interpersonal intelligence (0.116); intrapersonal intelligence (0.115); logical-mathematical intelligence (0.108); and musical intelligence (0.064). The highest significance coefficient is related to the fourth and sixth grades of the elementary school with a significance coefficient of 0.206 and the lowest is related to the fifth grade of the elementary school with a significance coefficient of 0.191. Therefore, the balance of the content of elementary school textbooks "Gifts of Heaven" has not been respecte

The effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain response in mice

Voltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the control of cellular processes in cardiac, vascular and neuronal tissues. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular ailments in humans. A number of studies have shown that calcium channel blockers have antinociception and antiinflammatory effects in a range of animal models (but not in all animal models). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain and inflammation in mice. In this experimental study, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before the injection of 20µl of 5% formalin solution into the paw region. The time of licking and biting of injected paw was measured as pain response at 5 minute intervals for 1 hour. The results showed that formalin induced a biphasic pain response (first phase: 0-5 and second phase: 20-45 minute after injection). Intraperitoneal injection of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem before formalin reduced the second phase (inflammatory pain) of pain response significantly (

Frühmoderne Literatur und die interdiskursive Position von Constantijn Huygens' 'Ooghentroost'

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