Transforming Development with Grassroots Planning in Madhya Pradesh, India

There is growing acknowledgment that state interactions must take place in a democratic context. This has been accompanied by attempts to foster forms of democratic governance that provide scope for citizen participation in the development process. However, due to vast inter- and intra-country differences, no single model has emerged for countries to follow, even if each effort has contributed to further deliberation and discussion. A major challenge to successful implementation has been the absence of an effective and practical framework to ensure decentralization. In the state Madhya Pradesh of India, the democratic reform has progressed from conceptualization to mobilization to institutionalization. For the first time in Madhya Pradesh's development history, state government has shown the courage to interact with communities in making village-level development plans. The Madhya Pradesh Planning Commission has created a tangible plan for working more closely with communities. This paper outlines the nature of this initiative and analyses the adequacy of the framework for decentralizsation and the mechanism of governance adopted by the Madhya Pradesh government for achieving the goal of participatory democracy. In particular, the paper assesses the state model of decentralized planning, its operational framework, and ongoing efforts. It also presents the status of village-level planning in the state, including how villages are interacting with one another and with government entities outside the state

Seasonal Impact on Physico–Chemical Parameters of Tighra Reservoir Gwalior, (M.P.)

Physico-chemical parameters of water essential characteristics of an aquatic water body which determine the aquatic habitat to provide suitable environment for aquatic flora and fauna. Seasonal variations in the physic-chemical parameters of water in Tighra Reservoir were studies from March 2022 to February 2023. Four different sampling sites were selected for collection of water sample. Some of the parameters were observed at the sampling station while rest other parameters were observed into laboratory as soon as possible after the collection of water. The physico-chemical parameters such as Transparency, air temperature, water temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), total suspended solids, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved oxygen, Free CO2, Alkalinity, Nitrate, Sodium and Potassium were analyzed in different seasons. The result obtained indicate the seasonal variation occur due to inflow of water from catchment  which not only affected the water quality parameters also affected the reservoir biodiversity

Factors predicting success of vaginal delivery in women with oligohydramnios undergoing induction of labour

Background: Aim was to study the predicting factors for success of vaginal delivery, in women with oligohydramnios undergoing induction of labour.Methods: An observational study conducted in tertiary care centre Kamineni Hospital in 100 patients in 1-year duration with vaginal misoprostol tablets to predict the success of vaginal delivery in cases, if oligohydramnios undergoing induction of labor.Results: In our study total 100 cases was induced. Among these 81% had successful normal vaginal delivery and 19% had caesarean section delivery. Those who underwent caesarean section, their NST had become non reassuring at any time in labour, provided all supportive measures but their labour was terminated by caesarean section for sake of mother or baby.Conclusions: It is preferable to induce the patients of oligohydramnios at term with continous fetal heart rate monitoring and also variability of the fetal heart rate pattern with uterine contractions.

Study of incidence of urinary tract infection during pregnancy and its effect on maternal and perinatal outcome

Background: Urinary tract infection is the commonest bacterial infection in pregnancy, especially in developing countries like India. It has several adverse outcomes not only in the mother but also in the fetus. This study aims to determine the incidence of UTI during pregnancy, the commonest micro-organism causing UTI, and to find out the impact of such infection on maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: This observational study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi over a period of 10 months. A total of 196 pregnant women attending the outdoor hospital for ANC check-up without any medical disorder or previous adverse pregnancy outcomes were included in this study. Urine routine microscopy was done as a screening test for UTI. They were followed through their pregnancy and puerperium due to any pregnancy complication and perinatal outcome.Results: Incidence of urinary tract infection was 12.2%, of which 8.2% were asymptomatic and 4.08% were symptomatic. It was found that the incidence of UTI was highest in the age group of 18 to 25 years and also found that UTI was more common in the second (16.7%) and third (16.7%) trimester and lowest in the first trimester (5.7%). Women who had anaemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm labour, chorioamnionitis, perinatal mortality, and puerperal pyrexia had a high incidence of UTI than those who had not.Conclusions: From this study, we concluded that screening for UTI should be a part of routine antenatal care, and also there is a need to initiate an awareness program to educate women about UTI and their adverse fetomaternal outcome so that prompt and effective treatment can be done

SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DINARA POND, SHIVPURI, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

In present work an attempt has been made to study the physico-chemical water quality parameters of Dinara pond. The study was carried out for a period of one year from June 2020-May2021. Sampling stations were established to keep in mind cover whole water body. Seasonal water sample were made to analysis of water from selected sampling stations. Some of the water parameters were analyzed at the sampling site during the collection of water while rests of other parameters were analyzed in laboratory. Water sample were collected in polyethylene double coated bottle and bring it to laboratory with 2 to 3 hours after the collection. Different study stations at Dinara Pond exhibited seasonal and inter-site variations in physico-chemical parameters of water due to anthropogenic discharge in and surrounding area of pond. Poor quality and degradation of water is affected growth of crops and their quality, aquatic fauna and flora with dependent population with this water body

A novel crosslinked hyaluronic Acid nanogel for drug delivery

An amphiphilic hyaluronic acid conjugate is successfully developed based on grafting a thiolated hydrophobic molecule to the polysaccharide backbone. The engineered conjugate is capable of assembling into nanostructures once dispersed in water, with average diameter of 80.2 ± 0.4 nm (n = 5), stable up to 6 months. The thiolated HyA conjugate is reticulated by dissulfide bond with a homofunctional crosslinker—1,4-Bis(3-[2-pyridyldithio]propionamido)butane (DPDPB). The drug loading efficiency of the reticulated and non-reticulated nanogel is accessed with two hydrophobic drugs, curcumin and simvastatin. Results suggest that crosslinked nanogel exhibit higher stability upon dilution and drug loading efficiency and proves to be a redox sensitive material. The nanogels hold great potential as stealth carriers of lipophilic drugs.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of FCT for the PhD grant reference SFRH/BD/61516/2009

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FIRST-LINE ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA: A STUDY OF CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, CAUSALITY, AND SEVERITY

  Objective: The objective was to study the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with first-line anti-tubercular drugs for clinical presentations, causality, and severity.Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken in a 750 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital of central India for the duration of 1 year (May 2013‑May 2014). Patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and under treatment with the first-line anti-tubercular drugs were study subjects. Causality, preventability, and severity were analyzed and other parameters such as male to female ratio, most affected system, most common class of drug, and common types of ADRs, were studied.Results: Nearly 118 patients were started on anti-tubercular treatment of first-line drugs in the study duration. Out of these 45 patients suffered one or more ADRs with a total number of reported ADRs being 91. 57.77% were males. Maximum patients belonged to the age group of 31-40 years (26.66%). The most commonly involved system was hepatic and biliary system (53.33%) followed by gastrointestinal system (51.11%), the most common ADR observed was disturbed liver transaminases (33.33%) followed by nausea and vomiting (28.88%). Causality assessment by Naranjo's scale showed 58.2% ADRs scoring probable, 31.86% were of possible score, whereas 9.8% definite score category. Severity assessment shows 68.88% cases of mild grading, 31.11% of moderate and no case of severe grading was reported in the study duration.Conclusions: Vigilance regarding these ADRs occurrences can result in early diagnosis and thus, proper management can be instituted earliest. This will build confidence of patients and will decrease the dropouts which in turn can result in decrease chances of developing drug-resistant strains.Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, Causality, Naranjo's algorith

ASSESSMENT OF DEPENDENCY-ASSOCIATED FINANCIAL BURDEN OF COVID-19 MORTALITIES

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out interrelationship of economic burden and dependency profile of families with COVID-19 mortalities and to make related recommendations. Methods: A mixed method research was conducted to understand the interwoven mechanisms of COVID-19 mortalities for the study of variables including level of education, type of family, and economic burden to guide and direct public health strategies among research vulnerable groups of population in the present and in the future. Results: The dependency has been high in nuclear and joint family combined (160) as compared to three-generation family (21). The gender-wise distribution shows females having two children in family in higher numbers (46.0%) as compared to males in the same age group (35.5%). There is observed high number of COVID-19 mortalities among graduate and above (79) followed by literate up to higher secondary (60). Mean annual income has been highest in the COVID-19 mortalities for subgroup of a number of children being 4 (5.58%), followed by one child (3.79 lacs), no child (3.11 lacs), two children (2.95 lacs), three children (2.90 lacs), and five and more children (2.79 lacs). Conclusion: Although there is observed intergroup difference in the gender vulnerabilities and varying threshold of dependencies including social, demographic, economic, and developmental areas, there is an appreciable public health need to achieve social gains and avert possible disparities of existence through intersectoral and envisioned strategic reform-based initiatives leading to gainful coexistence of deprived with other social masses to achieve the set target of social developmental goals as per international health actions

Broadcasting Forensics Using Machine Learning Approaches

Broadcasting forensic is the practice of using scientific methods and techniques to analyse and authenticate Multimedia content. Over the past decade, consumer-grade imaging sensors have become increasingly prevalent, generating vast quantities of images and videos that are used for various public and private communication purposes. Such applications include publicity, advocacy, disinformation, and deception, among others. This paper aims to develop tools that can extract knowledge from these visuals and comprehend their provenance. However, many images and videos undergo modification and manipulation before public release, which can misrepresent the facts and deceive viewers. To address this issue, we propose a set of forensics and counter-forensic techniques that can help establish the authenticity and integrity of Multimedia content. Additionally, we suggest ways to modify the content intentionally to mislead potential adversaries. Our proposed tools are evaluated using publicly available datasets and independently organized challenges. Our results show that the forensics and counter-forensic techniques can accurately identify manipulated content and can help restore the original image or video. Furthermore, in this paper demonstrate that the modified content can successfully deceive potential adversaries while remaining undetected by state-of-the-art forensic methods

Extraction, Evaluation and A Comparative Study of Mimosa Pudica Seed Mucilage with Trigonella Foenum Graecum and Flax Seed Mucilage

Objectives: The aim of this research article is to provide a brief knowledge about the comparative study of the mucilage extracted from the seed of Mimosa pudica with the mucilage extracted from Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) and Flax seed. Nowadays, industrialist are likely to use natural polymers due to various problems associated with drug release and side effects with synthetic polymers.  Methods: Mucilage from different seed were extracted and isolated by conventional method using ethyl alcohol and acetone as a precipitating solvent. The extracted mucilage were evaluated by means various organoleptic properties, phytochemical properties, swelling index, loss on drying and micromeritics. Results: The extracted mucilage were pale yellow to brown in color, % yield of all mucilage were in the range of 29.12%w/w to 33.51%. Phytochemical tests were done for all mucilage confirmed the absence of alkaloids and glycosides. The pH of 1- 5% w/v aqueous dispersion of all three samples of mucilage was found between5.5 to 7.1. The solubility and swelling index of all mucilage also found good.  All the values of micromeritics properties were found within the range. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the extracted mucilage from all the seed will be useful as an additives for oral muco-adhesive drug delivery systems as per the results of phytochemical and physicochemical tests indicated the suitability of mucilage for tablet dosage form as well as a suspending agent for suspension due to its swell able properties, weakly acidic pH and viscous in nature