<i>KISS1</i> and KISS1R expression in the human and rat carotid body and superior cervical ganglion

KISS1 and its receptor, KISS1R, have both been found to be expressed in central nervous system, but few data are present in the literature about their distribution in peripheral nervous structures. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate, through immunohistochemistry, the expression and distribution of KISS1 and KISS1R in the rat and human carotid bodies and superior cervical ganglia, also with particular reference to the different cellular populations. Materials consisted of carotid bodies and superior cervical ganglia were obtained at autopsy from 10 adult subjects and sampled from 10 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse expression of KISS1 and KISS1R in type I cells of both human and rat carotid bodies, whereas type II cells were negative. In both human and rat superior cervical ganglia positive anti-KISS1 and -KISS1R immunostainings were also selectively found in ganglion cells, satellite cells being negative. Endothelial cells also showed moderate immunostaining for both KISS1 and KISS1R. The expression of both kisspeptins and kisspeptin receptors in glomic type I cells and sympathetic ganglion cells supports a modulatory role of KISS1 on peripheral chemoreception and sympathetic function. Moreover, local changes in blood flow have been considered to be involved in carotid body chemoreceptor discharge and kisspeptins and kisspeptin receptors have also been found in the endothelial cells. As a consequence, a possible role of kisspeptins in the regulation of carotid body blood flow and, indirectly, in chemoreceptor discharge may also be hypothesized

100th anniversary of the discovery of the human adrenal fetal zone by Stella Starkel and Lesław Węgrzynowski: how far have we come?

Year 2010 marks a centennial anniversary of the description by Stella Starkel and LesĹaw WÄgrzynowski, Polish students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of LwĂłw, the fetal zone of the human fetal adrenal gland. In 1911 both, Starkel and WÄgrzynowski were graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Lwow University. The paper appeared in the German Arch. Anat. Physiol. and its original title was "Beitrag zur Histologie der Nebeniere bei Feten und Kindern" ("Contribution to histology of adrenals of fetuses and children"). The studies were performed on 100 adrenal glands obtained from fetuses (from 6th month of gestation) and up to 5-year-old children. They described the fetal zone as a "medullary zone", also as "immature cortex", which undergoes involution in first years of life. To commemorate this discovery, this review aimed to present the most important achievements of studies on the development and involution of the human adrenal fetal zone

Ruch anarchistyczny w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej: wybrane dylematy okresu przemian

This case study is an illustration of the dilemmas and challenges with which the anarchist movement in Middle and Eastern Europe was faced in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim here is also to present the manifestation of the activity of the role as many other political movements. However, there were some organisational structures that had an international character. What is more, the magazines published and the Internet portals created, played an integrated and propagandised role. During that period the anarchist movement confronted the following dilemmas: global or local character of activities, the necessity of the change of an ideological opponent, defining the ultimate as well as short-term aims, and the choice of methods of achieving those aims. The research material constituted the publications in the anarchist magazine „Abolishing The Borders From Below. Anarchist Courier From Eastern Europe” from the years 2001–2010. It’s an English bi-monthly magazine published in Berlin but accessible to the readers almost in all countries in Middle Eastern Europe. Its subject reflects the diversity of social and political problems, which are the core of interest of anarchist

Wybrane wartości współczesnej cywilizacji propagowane w polskiej myśli radykalnie lewicowej

Projekt Operacyjny Polska Cyfrowa POPC.02.03.01-00-0039/1

Antysystemowe ruchy społeczne i partie polityczne w Polsce doby transformacji politycznej

Przedmiotem rozdziału jest analiza krytyki demokracji w Polsce, kształtującej się po 1989 roku oraz programów ruchów i partii politycznych posiadających odmienne od dominujących wizje „dobrego państwa” lub „dobrego społeczeństwa”. Wymienione ruchy to: komuniści, anarchiści, libertarianie, populiści, narodowcy i sło- wianofile oraz monarchiści. Celem badań jest usystematyzowanie ich myśli, wskazanie paradoksów programowych oraz określenie funkcji pełnionych wobec społeczeństwa.Projekt Operacyjny Polska Cyfrowa POPC.02.03.01-00-0039/1

Jaroslav Ušiak, Dávid Kollár (red.), Security Forum 2022. Conference Proceedings From the 15th Annual International Scientific Conference, February 9th, 2022, Interpolis, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 2022, ss. 339.

Assessments and discussions: Jaroslav Ušiak, Dávid Kollár (red.), Security Forum 2022. Conference Proceedings From the 15th Annual International Scientific Conference, February 9th, 2022, Interpolis, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 2022, ss. 339. (Paweł Malendowicz)Oceny i omówienia: Jaroslav Ušiak, Dávid Kollár (red.), Security Forum 2022. Conference Proceedings From the 15th Annual International Scientific Conference, February 9th, 2022, Interpolis, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 2022, ss. 339. (Paweł Malendowicz

Nurty myśli politycznego marginesu. Sprzeczności i niedopowiedzenia

The main issue of this article are the insignificant trends of political thought and their contradictions and understatements. The article describes the following trends of political thought: anarchism, communism, nationalism, monarchism, transhumanism, primitivism, ruralism and also National anarchism, National Bolshevism and Sla-vophilism. These trends of political thought are characterized by internal contradictions and opposition to democracy.  Przedmiotem artykułu są marginalne nurty myśli politycznej oraz ich sprzeczności i niedopowiedzenia. W artykule opisano następujące kierunki myśli politycznej: anarchizm, komunizm, nacjonalizm, monarchizm, transhumanizm, prymitywizm, ruralizm, a także narodowy anarchizm, narodowy bolszewizm i słowianofilstwo. Nurty te cechują się wewnętrznymi sprzecznościami i opozycyjnością wobec demokracji

Lewica komunistyczna w Polsce po 1989 roku. Organizacje i ich myśl programowa. Zarys problemu

The article presents the history and main assumptions of the political thought of the communist movement in Poland after 1989. This movement consisted of political parties, informal groups as well as press and internet editorial teams, for which the ideological foundation was Marxism-Leninism, Trotskyism or Maoism/Stalinism. These were, among others: the Communist Party of Poland, the Revolutionary Left Current, the Socialist Alternative, and the Workers’ Democracy. Their political thought was based on the criticism of the political changes in Poland after 1989.Artykuł przedstawia historię i główne założenia myśli politycznej ruchu komunistycznego w Polsce po 1989 r. Ruch ten tworzyły partie polityczne, nieformalne grupy oraz redakcje prasowe i internetowe, dla których fundament ideowy stanowiły marksizm-leninizm, trockizm lub maoizm/stalinizm. Były to m.in.: Komunistyczna Partia Polski, Nurt Lewicy Rewolucyjnej, Alternatywa Socjalistyczna, Pracownicza Demokracja. Ich myśl polityczna oparta została na krytyce przemian politycznych w Polsce po 1989 r