Identifikacija tobamovirusa izoliranog iz vrste Roripa amphibia

On the basis of the investigations presented it has been established that RMV—K isolate from Roripa amphibia belongs to tobamoviruses. This virus is symptomatologically and serologically more closely related to the type strain of ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) than to the common tobacco mosaic virus. Consequently, the virus which was isolated and investigated is a strain of RMV.Prošle godine izolirali smo virus iz divlje krucifere Roripa amphi- bia (L.) Bcss. u blizini Zagreba i dali mu oznaku RMV—K. Inficirane biljke imale su simptome u obliku blage išaranosti i nekrotičnih linija na listovima (si. 1A). Elektronsko-mikroskopska analiza purificirane virusne suspenzije pokazala je da RMV—K ima čestice približno 300 nm duge (si. 4). Apsorpcija virusne suspenzije dosizala je maksimum u ultravioletnom dijelu spektra kod 260 nm (si. 5). Izolirani virus prenijeli smo na 12 zeljastih biljaka (tablica 1). Virus je prouzrokovao lokalne lezije na listovima vrsta Nicotiana silves- tris, N. glutinosa, D. stramonium i vrlo jake sistemične simptome na vrsti N. tabacum, tip Samsun (si. 1). Na osnovi simptoma na tim vrstama bilo je očito da je RMV—K vrlo sličan običnom virusu mozaika trpuca. Serološki pokusi vršeni su metodom dvostruke difuzije u agaru te unakrsnim zasićavanjem u agaru. Ti su pokusi pokazali da je istraživani virus srodniji virusu mozaika trpuca nego virusu mozaika duhana (si. 3)

Synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots from waste of wine fermentation

Wine lees are one of the main residues formed in vast quantities during the fermentation of wine. While toxic when applied to plants and wetlands, it is a biodegradable material, and several alternatives have been proposed for its valorization as: dietary supplement in animal feed, source for various yeast extracts and bioconversion feedstock. The implementation of stricter environment protection regulations resulted in increasing costs for wineries as their treatment process constitutes an unavoidable and expensive step in wine production. We propose here an alternative method to reduce waste and add value to wine production by exploiting this rich carbon source and use it as a raw material for producing carbon quantum dots (CQDs). A complete synthetic pathway is discussed, comprising the carbonization of the starting material, the screening of the most suitable solvent for the extraction of CQDs from the carbonized mass and their hydrophobic or hydrophilic functionalization. CQDs synthesized with the reported procedure show a bright blue emission (λmax = 433 ± 13 nm) when irradiated at 366 nm, which is strongly shifted when the wavelength is increased (e.g. emission at around 515 nm when excited at 460 nm). Yields and luminescent properties of CQDs, obtained with two different methods, namely microwave and ultrasound-based extraction, are discussed and compared. This study shows how easy a residue can be converted into an added- value material, thus not only reducing waste and saving costs for the wine- manufacturing industry but also providing a reliable, affordable and sustainable source for valuable materials

Infliximab in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

AbstractInfliximab has been widely used in paediatric Crohn's disease, mainly in luminal and fistulous disease refractory to standard treatment and for extraintestinal manifestations. Moreover, there is growing experience with its use in refractory ulcerative colitis. Infliximab has shown similar efficacy and safety in children as in adult population. It is postulated that its early use in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease, as a bridging treatment until the onset of action of other immunomodulators, could reduce the use of steroids and change the natural history of the disease as well. The effect of infliximab on mucosal healing could also contribute to the normal growth and sexual maturation in these patients

Replacement of Ancillary Service Resources Lost during Decarbonization

Decarbonization increases the need for ancillary services (AnS) but simultaneously decarbonization leads to the loss of power plants providing them. Renewable resources are not primarily designed to provide AnS. The separation of electricity generation from AnS provision is proposed and a concept of a hybrid power plant combining small generators and battery energy storage system (BESS) is introduced in this article. Technologies within such a power plant may be stopped and ready to start when AnS is currently not activated, which saves emissions. Delay in the start of turbines requires BESS support and represents a challenge for turbines scheduling and control/dispatch. The goal of this article is to describe uncertainties associated with the AnS provision and to propose suitable optimization methods and architecture of control algorithms

Modelling international tourism demand using seasonal ARIMA models

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to establish a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model able to capture and explain the patterns and the determinants of German tourism demand in Croatia. Design – The present study is based on the Box-Jenkins approach in building a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model intend to describe the behaviour of the German tourists’ flows to Croatia. Approach – The proposed model is a seasonal ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,1,3)4 model. Findings – The diagnostic checking and the performed tests showed that the estimated seasonal ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,1,3)4 model is adequate in modelling and analysing the number of German tourists ‘arrivals to Croatia. Originality of the paper – This study provides a seasonal ARIMA model helpful to analyse, understand and forecast German tourists’ flows to Croatia. Such, more detailed and systematic studies should be considered as starting points of future macroeconomic development strategies, pricing strategies and tourism sector routing strategies in Croatia, as a predominantly tourism oriented country

Određivanje indeksa serološke razlike među sojevima virusa žutog mozaika postrne repe (TYMV) tehnikom »raketne« imunoelektroforeze

An attempt was made to apply rocket immunoelectro- phoresis (RIE) technique for the determination of serological differentiation index (SDI) values between three British strains of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) based on the height of »rocket« precipitates. The experiments were conducted in l°/o agar gel containing antiserum to Edinburgh (E) strain of the virus, the holes being charged separately with purified E and two other strains. Following experiments with E strain in several subsequent twofold dilutions, a calibration graph showing linear proportionality was drawn in a coordinate system determined by steps of virus dilutions and logarithm of »rockets« heights. By interpolation procedure SDIs of two heterologous strains against E were found fairly comparable with SDI values obtained by double radial immunodiffusion technique.Indeks serološke razlike (SDI), jedinica koja pokazuje stupanj serološ- ke razlike između virusa i njihovih sojeva, može se manje ili više precizno odrediti pomoću nekih standardnih seroloških tehnika. U toku ovog rada pokušali smo taj indeks izmjeriti »raketnom« (kvantitativnom) imu- noelektroforezom (RIE) na osnovi veličine (visine) imunoprecipitata oblika rakete. U pokusima smo koristili purificirane sojeve E (tipični soj), N i S virusa žutog mozaika postrne repe (turnip yellow mosaic virus; TYMV) koji potječu iz V. Britanije i imuni serum protiv soja E koji je bio pomiješan s l°/o agarskim gelom. Na osnovi pokusa sa sojem E u nekoliko uzastopnih dvostrukih razrjeđenja (1 do 1/8 mg/ml) našli smo linearnu ovisnost između stupnja razrjeđenja virusa i logaritma visine »raketa«. Interpolacijskim postupkom našli smo da su SDI vrijednosti heterolognih sojeva bile prilično podudarne s onima koje su bile izmjerene tehnikom dvostruke radijalne imunodifuzije

Prvi nalaz furovirusa nekrotičnog žutila šećerne repe u Hrvatskoj

In fields of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera) near Osijek and Županja (eastern Croatia) virus symptoms similar to those of beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus (BNYW) were observed on plant specimens in 1997. The main symptoms were pale greenish yellow foliage, upright leaves, reduced root size and root proliferation characteristic of rhizomania. Samples of sugar beet collected in the fields during June, July and August 1997 were checked for BNYW. In these samples BNYW v as revealed. This was established on the basis of test plant reactions, serology, electron microscope analysis of virus particles and soil transmission experiments. That is the first certain finding of rhizomania caused by BNYW in sugar beet in Croatia. Attempts to isolate BNYW from sugar beet growing in fields near Čakovec and Virovitica (northwestern and central Croatia, respectively), which also showed rhizomania symptoms, were unsuccessful.Više faktora utječe na urod šećerne repe u Hrvatskoj. Dosad nije bilo poznato je li među tim faktorima i štetna virusna bolest poznata pod imenom rizomanija koju uzrokuje virus nekrotičnog žutila žila šećerne repe (beet necrotic yellow vein virus; BNYW). Taj virus pripada furovirusima (Rush i Heidel 1995). Prema Horvathu (1994) BNYW može smanjiti urod šećerne repe i do 90%. Virus je rasprostranjen širom svijeta: otkriven je i u preko 20 europskih zemalja među kojima su i zemlje s kojima Hrvatska graniči. Istražujući virusne bolesti šećerne repe u okolici Čakovca, Virovitice, Osijeka i Županje, opazili smo tijekom 1997. godine na listovima šećerne repe na sva četiri lokaliteta simptome slične onima koje uzrokuje BNYW. Najupadljiviji simptomi bili su: usmjerenost listova prema gore a na njima su se tu i tamo zapažala zelenkastožuta područja (si. 1). Nekrotično žućenje žila nije opaže- no. Zapazili smo također da biljke s promjenama na listu imaju smanjen glavni korijen a na vršnom dijelu tog korijena redovito je nazočan abnormalno velik broj sitnih korjenčića; ti su korjenčići bili međusobno tijesno isprepleteni tako da su oblikovali gusti splet koji je nalikovao bradi (si. 2, 3). Zbog toga se ta bolest šećerne repe naziva rizomanija ili bradatost korijena. Na temelju simptoma opaženih na šećernoj repi u polju, reakcija na pokusnim biljkama, elektronskomikroskopskih istraživanja te serološke identifikacije ustanovili smo da opisanu bolest na šećernoj repi u okolici Osijeka i Županje uzrokuje BNYW. To su potvrdili i pokusi prijenosa bolesti uzorcima tla u kojem su u polju rasli inficirani primjerci šećerne repe. Naime, naši su se virusni izdati, kao i svi dosad opisani izolati BNYW-a, prenosili tlom. Iz literature je poznato da je prenosilac virusa u tlu gljivica Polymyxa betae (Abe i Tamada 1986). Naši pokusi pomoću kojih smo nastojali dokazati BNYVV u šećernoj repi te u pripadajućem tlu s područja Čakovca i Virovitice nisu dali pozitivan rezultat. Izloženi rezultati nedvojbeno pokazuju da je i na području Hrvatske rasprostranjen BNYW što je ujedno i prvi sigurni nalaz ovog virusa u našoj zemlj

Identifikacija virusnog izolata iz vrste Tropaeolum majus L.

An isolate (TK) from a virus-infected Tropaeolum majus specimen found on the island of Korcula (Jugoslavia) was investigated for purpose of identification. The virus was identified as an isolate of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) on the basis on the following results: Isolate TK caused only local lesions in N. tabacum cvs. “White Burley” and “Xanthi”-nc and C. quinoa, local lesions and sporadic systemic symptoms in C. amar anticolor, as well as systemic symptoms in N. glutinosa and B. rapa var. rapa. Infected N. glutinosa and B. rapa var. rapa plants contained elongated flexuous particles with an average length of 728 nm. Isolate TK gave a positive serological reaction with the antiserum to TuMV. It provoked the building of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies composed of a great number of needle-shaped crystals which are characteristic of TuMV. Thermal inactivation point of isolate TK was between 52° and 54° C. Isolate TK may belong to the ordinary strain of TuMV. This is the first finding of TuMV in a non-cruciferous species in Jugoslavia. Infective sap of N. glutinosa contained occasionally tubular structures of submicroscopic dimensions. The paper contains literature data on occurrence of TuMV in non- cruciferous plants, on spontaneous infections of T. majus with viruses, and data on the viruses which have been experimentally transmitted to T. majus.Istraživanja, koja smo iznijeli u ovom radu, vršena su na virusnom izolatu (TK) iz vrste Tropaeolum majus radi njegove identifikacije. Spontano inficirani primjerak T. majus potjecao je iz Jugoslavije (Vela Luka, otok Korčula). Na listovima prirodno inficirane biljke bili su uočljivi jako šarenilo, mozaik i deformacije. Na temelju istraživanja utvrdili smo da izolat TK predstavlja virus mozaika postrne repe (TuMV). To su, čini se, ujedno prvi podaci o nalazu TuMV u Jugoslaviji na biljci izvan porodice krstašica. Rad predstavlja rijetku, ako ne i jedinu, identifikaciju TuMV iz vrste T. majus, koja osim simptoma na pokusnim biljkama (N. tabacum, N. glutinosa, C. amar anticolor, C. quinoa, B. rapa var. rapa) uzima u obzir i rezultate seroloških, elektronskomikroskopskih i drugih istraživanja. Zanimljivo je da smo u soku inficirane N. glutinosa mogli ponekad opaziti cjevaste strukture submikroskopskih dimenzija koje se mogu dovesti u vezu s virusnom infekcijom. U radu je iznesen veći broj podataka iz literature o prirodnoj raširenosti TuMV na biljkama iz više biljnih porodica, o virusima koji su prirodno rašireni na vrsti T. majus, te o virusima koji su na tu vrstu preneseni eksperimentalno