Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Berbeda dalam Sistem Akuaponik terhadap Kualitas Air pada Budidaya Ikan Lele (Clarias SP.)

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is a type of consumption fish have promising prospects because it has a high enough degree of market uptake. The high market demand which motivated farmers to develop farming aquaponics technologies. Aquaponics, in principle, in addition to conserve land and water use also increases business efficiency through the utilization of nutrients from food remains and fish for plant metabolism. Fish farming with high stocking density causes a decrease in water quality due to the accumulation of organic matter buildup of organic materials causing toxins in the water because there is ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (N02) on the water. The threshold for catfish ammonia content is <0.8 mg /L. Alternative to overcome the problem of water quality in aquaculture is the addition of probiotic. Probiotic contain several types of microorganisms that can help the process of decomposition of ammonia as a bioremediation agent for water quality control. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of different probiotics in the aquaponics system to water quality. The method that used in this research is experimental with completely randomized design (four treat and five repeated) are P0 (control), P1 (probiotic A), P2 (probiotic B) and P3 (probiotic C). Analysis of data processed using Analysis of Variance. If there are significant differences then continued Duncan\u27s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the giving of probiotics in the aquaponic system is significantly different (p<0.05).The final conclusion is that the addition of probiotic in the aquaponic system affect the water quality. Based on the results of statistical analysis showed that the levels of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate was lowest for the treatment of P2 is 0.0204 mg /L, 0.012 mg /L and 2.731 mg /L. Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate is highest at P0 treatment (control) is 0.273 mg /L, 0.019 mg /L, 4.218 mg /L

Conductance asymmetry in point-contacts on epitaxial thin films of Ba(Fe0.92_{0.92}Co0.08_{0.08})2_2As2_2

Point-contact spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing superconductors. One of the most common observations in the point-contact spectra on the recently discovered ferropnictide superconductors is a large conductance asymmetry with respect to voltage across the point-contact. In this paper we show that the antisymmetric part of the point-contact spectrum between a silver tip and an epitaxial thin film of Ba(Fe$_{0.92}$Co$_{0.08}$)$_2$As$_2$ shows certain unique features. These features have an interesting evolution with increasing temperature up to a temperature that is 30% larger than the critical temperature $T_c$ of the superconductor. We argue that this evolution can be associated with the rich normal state properties of these materials.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Effect of domestic cooking methods on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of different varieties of brown rice from Southern Thailand and Malaysia

Consumption of brown rice is increasing on account of higher nutritional components such as vitamins, minerals, fibres and antioxidants than white rice. However, the effect of domestic cooking methods on nutritional attributes of brown rice is not well-characterized. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of cooking methods; pressure cooker (PC) and rice cooker (RC) on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of brown rice from five different varieties: Sungyod (SY), Chiang (CH), and Lepnok (LP) of Thai and long grain LS1 and LS2 of Malaysian origin. Peak viscosity (PV) and final viscosity (FV) among uncooked samples were significantly different except for LS1 and LS2. Between cooking methods, protein content (8.17 – 10.14%) was significantly different (p < 0.05) except in SY, LS1 and LS2 varieties whereas fat (1.74 – 2.71%) and ash content (1.15 – 1.46%) showed significant difference (p < 0.05) only in LP and SY varieties. Loss of iron was significantly higher in RC method than PC method but zinc and thiamine was insignificant. The LS1 and LS2 cooked in PC was significantly softer (p < 0.05) than cooked in RC. Hardness of PC cooked rice was correlated with PV (r = –0.965), breakdown viscosity (r = –0.973), setback viscosity (r = –0.944) at p < 0.01 and pasting temperature (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) of uncooked brown rice flours. Overall, PC was found better over RC in terms of cooking time, textural properties, nutrients and sensory attributes

Research on Supersonic Inlet Bleed

Phase I data results of the Fundamental Inlet Bleed Experiments project at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) are presented which include flow coefficient results for two single-hole boundary-layer bleed configurations. The bleed configurations tested are round holes at inclination angles of 90deg and 20deg both having length-to-diameter ratios of 2.0. Results were obtained at freestream Mach numbers of 1.33, 1.62, 1.98, 2.46, and 2.92 and unit Reynolds numbers of 0.984, 1.89, and 2.46 10(exp 7)/m. Approach boundary-layer data are presented for each flow condition and the flow coefficient results are compared to existing multi-hole data obtained under similar conditions. For the 90deg hole, the single and multi-hole distributions agree fairly well with the exception that under supercritical operation, the multi-hole data chokes at higher flow coefficient levels. This behavior is also observed for the 20deg hole but to a lesser extent. The 20deg hole also shows a markedly different characteristic at subcritical operation. Also presented are preliminary results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of both configurations at the Mach 1.33 and a unit Reynolds number of 2.46 10(exp 7)/m. Comparison of the results shows the agreement to be very good

Nutritional outcomes related to household food insecurity among mothers in rural Malaysia

During the past two decades, the rates of food insecurity and obesity have risen. Although a relationship between these two seemingly-paradoxical states has not been repeatedly seen in men, research suggests that a correlation between them exists in women. This study examines nutritional outcomes of household food insecurity among mothers in rural Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey of low-income households was conducted, and 223 households with mothers aged 18-55 years, who were non-lactating, non-pregnant, and had at least one child aged 2-12 years, were purposively selected. A questionnaire was administered that included the Radimer/Cornell Scale, items about sociodemographic characteristics, and anthropometric measurements. Of the households, 16.1% were food-secure whereas 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity: 29.6% of households were food-insecure, 19.3% contained individuals who were foodinsecure, and 35.0% fell into the 'child hunger' category. The result reported that household-size, total monthly income, income per capita, and food expenditure were significant risk factors of household food insecurity. Although there was a high prevalence of overweight and obese mothers (52%) and 47.1% had at-risk waist-circumference (=80 cm), no significant association was found between food insecurity, body mass index, and waist-circumference. In conclusion, the rates of household food insecurity and overweight and obesity were high in the study population, although they are looking paradoxical. Longitudinal studies with larger sample-sizes are recommended to further examine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity

Academic freedom in Europe: time for a Magna Charta?

This paper is a preliminary attempt to establish a working definition of academic freedom for the European Union states. The paper details why such a definition is required for the European Union and then examines some of the difficulties of defining academic freedom. By drawing upon experience of the legal difficulties beset by the concept in the USA and building on previous analyses of constitutional and legislative protection for academic freedom, and of legal regulations concerning institutional governance and academic tenure, a working definition of academic freedom is then derived. The resultant definition which, it is suggested, could form the basis for a European Magna Charta Libertatis Academicae, goes beyond traditional discussions of academic freedom by specifying not only the rights inherent in the concept but also its accompanying duties, necessary limitations and safeguards. The paper concludes with proposals for how the definition might be tested and carried forward

A Fractionated Space Weather Base at L_5 using CubeSats and Solar Sails

The Sun–Earth L_5 Lagrange point is an ideal location for an operational space weather forecasting mission to provide early warning of Earth-directed solar storms (coronal mass ejections, shocks and associated solar energetic particles). Such storms can cause damage to power grids, spacecraft, communications systems and astronauts, but these effects can be mitigated if early warning is received. Space weather missions at L5 have been proposed using conventional spacecraft and chemical propulsion at costs of hundreds of millions of dollars. Here we describe a mission concept that could accomplish many of the goals at a much lower cost by dividing the payload among a cluster of interplanetary CubeSats that reach orbits around L5 using solar sails

Academic freedom: in justification of a universal ideal

This paper examines the justification for, and benefits of, academic freedom to academics, students, universities and the world at large. The paper surveys the development of the concept of academic freedom within Europe, more especially the impact of the reforms at the University of Berlin instigated by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Following from this, the paper examines the reasons why the various facets of academic freedom are important and why the principle should continue to be supported