The Effectiveness of a Group Counseling Program Based on Feminist Therapy in Improving Self-Assertiveness of Battered Women فاعلية برنامج إرشادي جمعي يستند إلى العلاج النسّوي في تحسين مستوى توكيد الذات لدى النساء المعنفات

Abstract: The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a group counseling program based on feminist therapy in improving the self-assertiveness of battered women. The program was applied to a group of women who attend the Islamic Society for Social Services Center, in the AL-Rammtha District, Jordan, and the study sample consisted of (30) battered women, and they were selected based on their low scores on the self-assertiveness scale, and they were randomly distributed into two groups: an experimental group It includes (15) abused women, and a control group includes (15) abused women. To achieve the objectives of the study, the Banimostafa and Abu Hassouna Scale was used for self-affirmation and it consisted of (31) items, and an indicative treatment program based on feminist therapy, and the program consisted of (10) sessions. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the members of the experimental and control groups on the scale of self-assertiveness, in favor of the experimental group, after applying the program, and the members of the experimental group kept improving after performing the follow-up measurement. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى فحص فاعلية برنامج إرشادي جمعي يستند إلى العلاج النسّوي في تحسين توكيد الذات لدى النساء المعنفات. فقد تم تطبيق البرنامج على مجموعة من السيدات اللواتي يراجعن جمعية المركز الإسلامي الخيرية, في لواء الرمثا- الأردن, وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (30) امرأة معنفة, تم اختيارهن بناءً على درجاتهن المنخفضة على مقياس توكيد الذات, وتم توزعيهنّ عشوائياً إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة تجريبية وتشمل (15) امرأة معنفة, ومجموعة ضابطة تشمل (15) امرأة معنفة, ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة, تم استخدام مقياس بني مصطفى وأبو حسونه لتوكيد الذات والذي تكون من (31) فقرة, وبرنامج علاجي إرشادي يستند إلى العلاج النّسوي, وقد تكون البرنامج من (10) جلسات. وأوضحت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً بين أفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة على مقياس توكيد الذات, لصالح المجموعة التجريبية وذلك بعد تطبيق البرنامج, واحتفظ أفراد المجموعة التجريبية بالتحسن بعد إجراء قياس المتابعة

ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY OF GARLIC OIL AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease ofpoultry that distributed worldwide causing large economic losses in the poultryindustry. Although vaccines are being used to control the disease, there is no effectiveantiviral drug used for the treatment of infections. The aim of this study is to testgarlic oil for its antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus. Garlic oil wasincubated with the virus (LaSota strain) for 1 hr and 24 hrs and its antiviral effect wasdetermined by performing hemagglutination and RT-PCR tests to detect viral surfaceproteins and viral genome, respectively. In addition, the toxicity of garlic oil wasdetermined on the living organism by injecting it into chicken embryos with orwithout the virus. The results showed that this product played a role in the reductionof virus effectiveness through the destroying of viral surface receptors as well as thereduction of gene amplification as compared with the control group that included thetreatment of the virus with a saline solution (phosphate buffer saline), which gaveopposite results. In addition, there was no antiviral toxicity on the living organismsince the injected embryos with the oil alone or the oil with virus were healthy andclosely resemble those that have not been injected with anything. In comparison, theembryos that were injected with the virus only showed clear pathological signs thatdid not appear in the other groups containing the oil. These results suggest that garlic oil would be a good potential antiviral and probably will have a role to eliminate thedisease

MONITORING OF BENZOIC ACID LEVELS IN SOFT DRINKS CONSUMED IN ADEN, YEMEN

يُستخدم حمض البنزويك على نطاق واسع كمادة حافظة للأطعمة نظرًا لفعاليته في منع نمو الخميرة والعفن. يُعتبر الشكل غير المتأين من حمض البنزويك هو الأكثر فعالية. في المشروبات الحمضية مثل المشروبات الغازية، من الممكن أن يتفاعل حمض البنزويك مع المواد المضافة مثل حمض الأسكوربيك لإطلاق البنزين، مما يمكن أن يشكل مخاطر صحية. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد مستويات حمض البنزويك في عينات من المشروبات الغازية التي تُستهلك بشكل شائع في عدن، اليمن. تم تحليل ثمانية عشر عينة من المشروبات الغازية باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا السائل عالية الأداء مع كاشف الأشعة فوق البنفسجية. تم العثور على أعلى تركيز لحمض البنزويك في عينة من مشروب برتقال فيفا (FIFA) بتركيز 173.87 جزء في المليون، بينما كان الأدنى 8.40 جزء في المليون في عينة من مشروب دريم الأحمر (DREAM). بعض العينات، بما في ذلك مشروب ميرندا البرتقال (MIRINDA)، ومشروب فانتا (FANTA) بنكهة التفاح، ومشروب ديلسي الأحمر (DILSI)، لم يكن لها مستويات قابلة للكشف من حمض البنزويك، على الرغم من أن ملصقاتها تشير إلى وجوده. بشكل عام، كانت تركيزات حمض البنزويك في جميع العينات المختبرة ضمن الحدود المسموح بها وفقًا للمعايير المحلية والإقليمية والدولية.Benzoic acid is widely used as a food preservative due to its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of yeast and mold. The undissociated form of benzoic acid is the most potent. In acidic beverages like soft drinks, benzoic acid can react with additives such as ascorbic acid to release benzene, which can pose health concerns. This study aimed to determine the levels of benzoic acid in soft drink samples commonly consumed in Aden, Yemen. Eighteen soft drink samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The highest benzoic acid concentration was found in a FIFA orange sample at 173.87 ppm, while the lowest was 8.40 ppm in a DREAM red sample. Some samples, including MIRINDA orange, FANTA apple, and DILSI red, had no detectable levels of benzoic acid, despite their labels indicating its presence. Overall, the benzoic acid concentrations in all tested samples were within the permissible limits set by local, regional, and international standards

ZnO Nano-swirlings for Azo Dye AR183 photocatalytic degradation and antimycotic activity

The sol-gel technique was used to fabricate ZnO Nano-swirlings (ZNsw) at a predetermined agitation rate (of \u3e\u3e 1900 rpm), with around 21.94 gm of zinc acetate dihydrate and 0.2 g cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) and a cationic surfactant (drop-wise). The impact of the predetermined agitation condition on the molecular size and morphology of ZNsw is examined, and the outcomes are dissected by useful characterization tools and techniques viz. XRD, SEM embedded with EDS, TEM, FT-IR and UV–visible. The SEM and TEM results suggest that the product formed into a big cluster of adequate ZNsw, containing a significant quantity of folded long thread-lengths. Each group indicated a fair amount of the volume of these lengths. The photocatalytic process of ZNsw was carried out as a result of the irradiation time due to the deterioration of Azo Dye AR183, resulting in approximately 79 percent dye discoloration following an 80-min UV light irradiation in the presence of ZNsw. Additionally, the synthesized ZNsw was tested for antagonistic activity, and the growth hindrance of two plant pathogenic fungal strains found. Per cent inhibition in growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata were observed in response to ZNsw

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

An Overview Of Antidote For Midazolam Overdose, Role Of Clinical Laboratory, Anesthesia And Nursing In The Management

Midazolam is commonly administered as a premedication due to its beneficial properties of inducing amnesia, reducing anxiety, and promoting sedation. Incorrect administration of midazolam at an inappropriate dosage elevates the likelihood of respiratory and circulatory depression. An individual died as a consequence of receiving a 10 mg dosage of intravenous (IV) midazolam during an endoscopic procedure.1 While there is no documented evidence of fatalities resulting from the intramuscular (IM) administration of midazolam, we have encountered two instances of excessive doses of IM midazolam being delivered. Thankfully, there were no issues. However, the occurrences highlighted the reality that certain doctors and nurses may lack the necessary expertise in administering a drug, even if it has been widely used for an extended period of time. Only a few examples have been recorded in the literature where the premedication of IM midazolam was administered at a dosage four times higher than recommended. The sedative effects were extended, however, there was no occurrence of circulatory or respiratory depression, which is fortunate. Both accidents occurred due to the nurse and resident\u27s inadequate familiarity with midazolam. Hence, it is imperative not to assume that all medical personnel possess equivalent experience and expertise regarding frequently utilized medications. It is crucial to thoroughly examine prescriptions and processes, especially for common medications, in order to prevent unintentional overdoses. The clinical laboratory, anesthesia, and nursing play crucial roles in managing patients, including tasks such as identifying drug levels in urine, administering antidotes, performing intubation, and providing more effective therapy with the help of the anesthesia team

Estimation of Vitamin D levels Among Female Students at University of Sciences and Technology, Aden, Yemen. A Cross-sectional Analysis

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is considered a major public health problem where it is estimated that more than one billion people are affected around the world. In Yemen, the vitamin D status among young females was not clear. Objective: This study aimed to state the level of vitamin D among female students at the University of Sciences and Technology and to determine the risk factors contributing to vitamin D status among those females. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 female students. Results: The total mean ± SD was 21.5 ± 2.7 years. The min-max of the total age was 18 years and 29 years. The overall prevalence of HVD among female students was 89.3% where 82.7% were insufficient and 6.7% were deficient. Symptoms such as muscle pain, bone pain, and hair loss of HVD were statistically associated with vitamin D status (p=0.001) in each. A statistically significant association was found among those who used sunscreen and did not take vitamin D supplements (p=0.001) in each. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the prevalent rate of HVD among female college students in Aden, Yemen, was high and higher than most reported among females globally. The majority of female college students had VDI, while a few had VDD.  Using sunscreen and not taking vitamin D supplements increase the risk of HVD

Distinct antibody repertoires against endemic human coronaviruses in children and adults.

Four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are commonly associated with acute respiratory infection in humans. B cell responses to these "common cold" viruses remain incompletely understood. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of CoV-specific antibody repertoires in 231 children and 1168 adults using phage-immunoprecipitation sequencing. Seroprevalence of antibodies to endemic HCoVs ranged between ~4 and 27% depending on the species and cohort. We identified at least 136 novel linear B cell epitopes. Antibody repertoires against endemic HCoVs were qualitatively different between children and adults in that anti-HCoV IgG specificities more frequently found among children targeted functionally important and structurally conserved regions of the spike, nucleocapsid and matrix proteins. Moreover, antibody specificities targeting the highly conserved fusion peptide region and S2' cleavage site of the spike protein were broadly cross-reactive with peptides of epidemic human and non-human coronaviruses. In contrast, an acidic tandem repeat in the N-terminal region of the Nsp3 subdomain of the HCoV-HKU1 polyprotein was the predominant target of antibody responses in adult donors. Our findings shed light on the dominant species-specific and pan-CoV target sites of human antibody responses to coronavirus infection, thereby providing important insights for the development of prophylactic or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine design.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Qatar National Research Fund (PPM1-1220-150017) and funds from Sidra Medicine. I Meyts is a Senior Clinical Investigator at the Research Foundation — Flanders and is supported by the CSL Behring Chair of Primary Immunodeficiencies; by the KU Leuven C1 grant C16/18/007; by a VIB GC PID grant; by FWO grants G0C8517N, G0B5120N, and G0E8420N; and by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. The ULB Center of Human Genetics is supported by the Fonds Erasme

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe