Understanding social and solidarity economy in emergent communities: Lessons from post-fast track land reform farms in Mazowe, Zimbabwe

This paper deals with the emergent and evolving forms of social organization in Zimbabwe's post-Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). It highlights the way in which these institutional formations show the emergence of a social and solidarity economy in which self-help and grassroots organizations surface as a viable alternative to state or capitalist interventions. In 2000 Zimbabwe experienced a major shift in its rural landscape when land occupation and government-initiated land reform saw the emergence of new communities of black farmers on formerly white-owned farms. The government of Zimbabwe had neither the funds nor the capacity to provide social amenities when the fast track programme began. This paper shows how small-scale farmer communities ensured service provision through their own initiative. The government did not have the resources to monitor, let alone force, people into functional communities. It is through informal farm level institutions built up through interaction and negotiation, and based on trust, reciprocity, unity of purpose and communality, that these communities have sustained their existence and are part of an emerging social and solidarity economy

Studi Perbandingan Algoritma - Algoritma Stemming Untuk Dokumen Teks Bahasa Indonesia

Stemming merupakan proses untuk memetakan berbagai variasi morfologikal dari kata menjadi bentuk dasar yang sama. Untuk stemming dalam bahasa Indonesia, terdapat dua jenis metode stemming yang sudah ada, yaitu algoritma stemming yang berbasis kamus (dictionary based) dan algoritma stemming yang berbasis non-kamus (purely rule based). Algoritma stemming yang tidak menggunakan kamus memiliki kesalahan yang relatif tinggi, tapi disuatu sisi algoritma tersebut memiliki kelebihan pada waktu proses yang lebih singkat dibandingkan algoritma stemming yang menggunakan kamus. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua algoritma stemming berbasis kamus dan dua algoritma stemming menggunakan aturan imbuhan. Algoritma berbasis kamus yang digunakan adalah algoritma Nazief dan Adriani dan algoritma Arifin dan Setiono. Untuk algoritma stemming berbasis aturan imbuhan yang digunakan adalah algoritma Vega dan algoritma Tala. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan 100 dokumen teks Bahasa Indonesia yang sudah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa waktu proses stemming yang paling cepat terdapat pada algoritma Vega, akurasi yang paling tinggi terdapat pada algoritma Nazief dan Adriani, overstemming yang paling sedikit terdapat pada algoritma Nazief dan Adriani karena nilainya lebih rendah, understemming yang paling sedikit terdapat pada algoritma Nazief dan Adriani karena nilainya lebih rendah. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa algoritma yang paling baik terdapat pada algoritma Nazief dan Adriani

African Feminist Theories and the Gendered Dimensions of Climate Change in Africa

This paper analyses how African feminist theories can provide nuanced insights into the gendered dimensions of climate change across the continent. African feminist theories provide important insights into the everyday lived experiences of women within African spaces, allowing for a contextual analysis of the impacts of climate change. There has also been a growing recognition of the need to identify gender-differentiated impacts of climate change (Tuana 2013). The main argument is not only that climate change will be experienced by men and women differently but also that women will be more severely hurt by the impacts than men (MacGregor 2010). Yet this theorisation still needs to employ theoretical lenses that place African women at the centre of analysis. African feminist theories will be utilised to provide a theoretical account of embodied gender differences grounded in the complex realities of African women’s everyday experiences. African gender theories argue that research on women’s realities should be fully grounded in and informed local realities. African feminist theories are neither unitary nor homogenous but represent a radical rethinking of women’s experiences on the continent. The theories, however, speak directly to two concepts which will be key to this study: positionality and intersectionalities. By positionalities, the study will analyse how experiences of climate change depend on where women are situated and the conditions within which they exist that shape access and control of resources for resilience. The paper will thus focus on highlighting the intersectional complexities characterised by generational, class, identity, racial schisms and ethnic coalitions, as well as contradictions that define every day for women in different conditions on the continent

The Competition Act of 1995: a Legal Analysis

A legal analysis of the relevance and/ or importance of Zimbabwe's Competition Act of 1995.The objective of this paper is to undertake a broad analysis of the desirability or otherwise of instituting competition law in Zimbabwe and an analysis of the Act itself in an endeavour to ascertain whether or not technically it is good law. For one to effectively discharge this mandate it is essential that one starts with a broad overview of competition and antitrust policies and legislation in order to ascertain an ideal structure within which such a policy can be adopted for Zimbabwe. To this end a brief analysis of the Zimbabwean economic structure is essential in order to illustrate the flaws in that structure which would have to be combated by a competition law. It is also necessary to look at what can be considered to be generally acceptable characteristics of effective competition law. It is only after this has been done that one can specifically evaluate the enacted legislation. It will therefore be necessary before rendering judgement on the Act to undertake a comparative study of similar legislation in other countries with the objective of borrowing from the strengths of other legislation governing different jurisdictional entities. Interviews were conducted with various interest groups with a view to ascertaining the different perceptions of the new law

Roles Played by the Governments on Agricultural Logistics Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown. A Systematic Literature Review

This paper documents the roles played by governments in agricultural logistics operations during the global COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Specifically, the paper reports on the roles played by the Chinese Government as a case study for developed countries and the roles played by the East African countries’ governments. Systematic literature review was carried for existing literature published between December 2019 and June 2021. Hence, the study conducted systematically by reviewing related literature on roles played by governments in agricultural logistics operations during the global COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. The paper found that every government has tried to put efforts to ensure the movement of agricultural products within and across the supply chain partners including exemption of food delivery trucks from road restrictions, fining some price-gouging businesses who seemed to make food less affordable; establishing measures to ensure availability of supplies of agricultural inputs for production, provision of technical services and financial support, introduction of robot delivery and exemptions from Value Added Tax (VAT) to agricultural products and related inputs. This study is review in nature and it based on China and East Africa countries only from December, 2019 to June 2021. So, empirical study is needed on this study. Also, adding study period could improve the quality of results. The study make immense contribution to the existing literature on the role of government in enhancing agricultural logistics amidst global supply chain disruption

Is the United Nations Machinery an Effective Instrument for Peace?

A ZLRev. article on the role of the UN as an effective peace maker.It has sometimes been argued that aggression and conflicts are qualities inherent in human beings and as such conflicts will always be with men unto eternity. It is not the objectives of this paper to trace either the historic origin of conflicts or the political economy underlying these conflicts. The objective of this paper is to analyse the mechanisms by which modern conflicts are regulated. A critical analysis will be made of the United Nations organisation and its subsidiary organs in order to ascertain whether they are in fact capable and do indeed either prevent armed conflicts or contain conflicts which arise