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Investigation of asymmetrical shaft power increase during ship maneuvers by means of simulation techniques

Marine propulsion plants can experience large power fluctuations during tight maneuvers, with increases of shaft torque up to and over 100% of the steady values in straight course and considerable asymmetry between internal and external shafts during turning circle. This phenomenon (studied in Viviani et al 2007a and 2007b can be of particular interest for twin screw ships propulsion systems with coupled shaftlines, in which asymmetrical loads can represent a challenge for the whole propulsion system (e.g. unique reduction gear, shaftlines, automation). A joint research has been set up in order to deeply investigate the phenomenon, by means of large scale model testing and related numerical simulations. In the present work, preliminary simulation results with different simplified automation systems and with an automation system more similar to the real one are reported, allowing to get a better insight into this complex problem

Psoas abscess ten years after ipsilateral nephrectomy for pyonephrosis

Pyogenic abscess of the psoas muscle is a rare disease. The Authors report a recently observed case which developed 10 years after ipsilateral nephrectomy for pyonephrosis, reviewing the pertinent literature. The culture of the pus extracted only reproduced Proteus mirabilis. The relation between psoas abscess and nephrectomy is unclear. To make diagnosis is important to consider this condition in differential diagnosis in presence of fever and flank tenderness in a nephrectomized patient

Actions of the braid group, and new algebraic proofs of results of Dehornoy and Larue

This article surveys many standard results about the braid group with emphasis on simplifying the usual algebraic proofs. We use van der Waerden's trick to illuminate the Artin-Magnus proof of the classic presentation of the algebraic mapping-class group of a punctured disc. We give a simple, new proof of the Dehornoy-Larue braid-group trichotomy, and, hence, recover the Dehornoy right-ordering of the braid group. We then turn to the Birman-Hilden theorem concerning braid-group actions on free products of cyclic groups, and the consequences derived by Perron-Vannier, and the connections with the Wada representations. We recall the very simple Crisp-Paris proof of the Birman-Hilden theorem that uses the Larue-Shpilrain technique. Studying ends of free groups permits a deeper understanding of the braid group; this gives us a generalization of the Birman-Hilden theorem. Studying Jordan curves in the punctured disc permits a still deeper understanding of the braid group; this gave Larue, in his PhD thesis, correspondingly deeper results, and, in an appendix, we recall the essence of Larue's thesis, giving simpler combinatorial proofs.Comment: 51`pages, 13 figure

Generalized Jacobi identities and ball-box theorem for horizontally regular vector fields

We consider a family of vector fields and we assume a horizontal regularity on their derivatives. We discuss the notion of commutator showing that different definitions agree. We apply our results to the proof of a ball-box theorem and Poincar\'e inequality for nonsmooth H\"ormander vector fields.Comment: arXiv admin note: material from arXiv:1106.2410v1, now three separate articles arXiv:1106.2410v2, arXiv:1201.5228, arXiv:1201.520

Prevalence of Vertebral Fractures in Osteoporotic HIP Fractured Patients: The Focus Study

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural modifications of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in fragility fractures. Vertebral fractures are the most prevalent osteoporotic fractures and osteoporotic hip fractures are the most serious complication of osteoporosis resulting in increased mortality and high socio-economic cost. The coexistence of these two pathological conditions in elderly patients has been previously described, leading to even worse functional outcomes than each one alone. To determine the prevalence of vertebral fractures in osteoporotic hip fractured women and to evaluate the relationship between prevalence of vertebral fractures and pre-existing factors such us autonomy in daily life activity, quality of walking, numbers of falls, cognitive aspects and comorbidities. 946 osteoporotic hip fractured women aged more than 60 years and with an X-ray evaluation of spine were consecutively enrolled in 25 Orthopaedic, Physical Medicine and geriatric centers in Italy. After spine X-ray morphometry patients were divided in two groups: previous vertebral fracture (F) and no previous fracture (NF). Moreover anamnestic, demographical and outcome related data (ADL, IADL, CIRS, SPMSQ, FAC and RANKIN scale) were collected. Prevalent vertebral fractures were present in 502 (54%) patients. 119 (13.7%) patients had at least one severe fracture. The F compared to NF group showed statistically significant worse scores regarding the pre hip fracture values of RANKIN, CIRS, SPMSQ, IADL and the overall number of falls (p<0.001). Moreover the F group showed statistically significant lower values of serif 25(OH)D than NF group (p<.0.001). Previous Vertebral fractures in hip fractured patients are a common issue and negatively influence several functional and cognitive outcome measures in these patients

Removing krypton from xenon by cryogenic distillation to the ppq level

The XENON1T experiment aims for the direct detection of dark matter in a cryostat filled with 3.3 tons of liquid xenon. In order to achieve the desired sensitivity, the background induced by radioactive decays inside the detector has to be sufficiently low. One major contributor is the $\beta$-emitter $^{85}$Kr which is an intrinsic contamination of the xenon. For the XENON1T experiment a concentration of natural krypton in xenon $\rm{^{nat}}$Kr/Xe < 200 ppq (parts per quadrillion, 1 ppq = 10$^{-15}$ mol/mol) is required. In this work, the design of a novel cryogenic distillation column using the common McCabe-Thiele approach is described. The system demonstrated a krypton reduction factor of 6.4$\cdot$10$^5$ with thermodynamic stability at process speeds above 3 kg/h. The resulting concentration of $\rm{^{nat}}$Kr/Xe < 26 ppq is the lowest ever achieved, almost one order of magnitude below the requirements for XENON1T and even sufficient for future dark matter experiments using liquid xenon, such as XENONnT and DARWIN

The effects of nutrition on maternal mortality: Evidence from 19th-20th century Italy

The role of nutrition on maternal mortality has been long debated in the historical and scientific literature. Some scholars refute any role of nutrition and diet in the decline of maternal mortality, privileging other causes such as the diffusion of professional midwifery and medical and scientific progress, while others are more open-minded about some possible nutritional effects. The present paper investigates the relationship between maternal mortality and nutrition in Italy between 1887 and 1955 with the purpose to provide new elements and new data to the knowledge of such an association. Using time-series techniques on the official data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, the analysis demonstrates that the trend of maternal mortality was affected by both long- and short-term dynamics of the average daily caloric intake of the Italian population once controlled for the economic situation, here proxied by the annual time series of the GDP per capita. The same analysis clarifies that the impact of nutrition is just one element of a complex picture in which the major role is played by medical advances and scientific progress. The introduction of sulphonamides, in the second half of the thirties of the twentieth century, emerges, in fact, as the turning point in the fight against maternal death